{"slug": "franciscans", "label": "Franciscans", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscans", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165005", "qid": "Q165005", "description": "from 1517, group of three religious orders within the Catholic Church", "entries": 33, "years": 33, "span": [1182, 1797], "span_label": ["1182 CE", "1797 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 19}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 6}, {"title": "Births", "count": 5}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Franciscan", "Franciscan Order", "Franciscan friars", "Franciscan order", "Friar Minor"], "related": [{"slug": "francis-of-assisi", "label": "Francis of Assisi", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "dominican-order", "label": "Dominican Order", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-innocent-iii", "label": "Pope Innocent III", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "umbria", "label": "Umbria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dublin", "label": "Dublin", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lombardy", "label": "Lombardy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "frederick-ii-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "padua", "label": "Padua", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "christmas", "label": "Christmas", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-honorius-iii", "label": "Pope Honorius III", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1182, "year_label": "1182 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan Order (d. 1226)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172586#Births", "title": "1182", "revid": 1362172586, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1193, "year_label": "1193 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Giovanni da Penna, Italian Franciscan priest (d. 1271)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367180478#Births", "title": "1193", "revid": 1367180478, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1200, "year_label": "1200 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Adam Marsh, English Franciscan scholar and theologian (d. 1259)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354902191#Births", "title": "1200", "revid": 1354902191, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1209, "year_label": "1209 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – The Franciscan Order is founded by the Italian priest Francis of Assisi. He and 11 of his followers journey to Rome where he receives approval of his rule from Pope Innocent III. Franciscan friars can not own any possessions of any kind. They wander and preach among the people, helping the poor and the sick. They support themselves by working and by begging for food, but they are forbidden to accept money either for work or as alms. The Franciscans work at first in Umbria and then in the rest of Italy. The impact of these street preachers and especially of their founder is immense, so that within 10 years they number some 5,000 followers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362169644#Religion", "title": "1209", "revid": 1362169644, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1223, "year_label": "1223 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – Father Francis of Assisi (Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone), founder of the Order of the Franciscans with in the Roman Catholic Church, begins the tradition of celebrating Christmas with a nativity scene. Having received permission from Pope Honorius III, Francis arranges for a display in a cave near the Italian city of Greccio, with the representation of the events associated with the birth of Jesus Christ as described in the Gospel of Matthew and in the Gospel of Luke, using real people and animals.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336497375#October–December", "title": "1223", "revid": 1336497375, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1224, "year_label": "1224 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "South Abbey, Youghal, the proto-friary of the Irish Province of the Observant Franciscans, is founded by Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Lord of Offaly, dedicated to St. Nicholas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318602202#Events", "title": "1224 in Ireland", "revid": 1318602202, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1225, "year_label": "1225 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – Pope Honorius III issues the bull Vineae Domini custodes in which he approves the mission of two friars to Morocco. The bull is reissued in October when Honorius III exhorts the Dominican and Franciscan order to participate in that mission.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333322984#April_–_June", "title": "1225", "revid": 1333322984, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1226, "year_label": "1226 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 3", "text": "October 3 – Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan Order", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372695704#Deaths", "title": "1226", "revid": 1372695704, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1230, "year_label": "1230 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "First records of the Franciscan Order in Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318601625#Events", "title": "1230 in Ireland", "revid": 1318601625, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1236, "year_label": "1236 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7 – Agnellus of Pisa, Italian Franciscan friar (b. 1195)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428601#Deaths", "title": "1236", "revid": 1361428601, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1239, "year_label": "1239 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – Gregory IX renews the excommunication of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, while he is at his court in Padua. Frederick responds by expelling the Franciscans and Dominicans from Lombardy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650554#Religion", "title": "1239", "revid": 1368650554, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1240, "year_label": "1240 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Albert of Pisa, Italian Franciscan friar", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428406#Deaths", "title": "1240", "revid": 1361428406, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1248, "year_label": "1248 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Carrickfergus Abbey is founded by the Franciscan order.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318453619#Events", "title": "1248 in Ireland", "revid": 1318453619, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1260, "year_label": "1260 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Grey Abbey in County Kildare was founded by William de Vesci. It was run by Franciscan friars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373514046#Events", "title": "1260 in Ireland", "revid": 1373514046, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1268, "year_label": "1268 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Irish Franciscan friars establish a monastery in Multyfarnham.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367524518#Events", "title": "1268 in Ireland", "revid": 1367524518, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1293, "year_label": "1293 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – William of Rubruck, Flemish Franciscan missionary (b. c.1220)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350578384#Deaths", "title": "1293", "revid": 1350578384, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1322, "year_label": "1322 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 8", "text": "December 8 – Pope John XXII issues the papal bull Ad conditorem canonum, permanently renouncing the doctrine that the Roman Catholic Church owns all of the properties of the Franciscan Order.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350577150#October_–_December", "title": "1322", "revid": 1350577150, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1329, "year_label": "1329 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Michael of Cesena is deposed as General of the Franciscans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344101347#Date_unknown", "title": "1329", "revid": 1344101347, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1336, "year_label": "1336 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Franciscan order establishes in Carrick on Suir with the granting of land for a friary by the 1st Earl of Ormond", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323561248#Events", "title": "1336 in Ireland", "revid": 1323561248, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1392, "year_label": "1392 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Franciscan friar James of Jülich is boiled alive, for impersonating a bishop and ordaining his own priests.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360558319#Date_unknown", "title": "1392", "revid": 1360558319, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1423, "year_label": "1423 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hélie de Bourdeilles, Franciscan, Archbishop of Tours and Cardinal, (d. 5 July 1484)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372152096#Full_date_missing", "title": "1423 in France", "revid": 1372152096, "section": "Births › Full date missing"}}, {"year": 1427, "year_label": "1427 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 7", "text": "June 7 – Pope Martin V orders the Roman Catholic bishops of Portro and Alba to work on driving the Fraticelli faction of the Franciscan Order from Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365937201#April–June", "title": "1427", "revid": 1365937201, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1448, "year_label": "1448 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Franciscan friary Muckross Abbey is established in County Kerry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367736286#Events", "title": "1448 in Ireland", "revid": 1367736286, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1520, "year_label": "1520 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Franciscan friar Matteo Bassi is inspired to return to the primitive life of solitude and penance, as practiced by St. Francis, giving rise to the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307705#Date_unknown", "title": "1520", "revid": 1367307705, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1528, "year_label": "1528 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 3", "text": "July 3 – Pope Clement VII issues the bull Religionis zelus, recognizing the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum), commonly known as the Capuchin monks, as a reformist branch of the Franciscans order of Roman Catholicism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369577446#July–September", "title": "1528", "revid": 1369577446, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1536, "year_label": "1536 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – The Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, the oldest European school of higher learning in the Americas, is established by Franciscans in Mexico City.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494676#January–March", "title": "1536", "revid": 1366494676, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1585, "year_label": "1585 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – Roman Catholic recusants in Clonmel are betrayed and seized at Passion Sunday mass by troops of John Norreys, Lord President of Munster, and the celebrant, fugitive priest Maurice MacKenraghty, gives himself up, is immediately tried under martial law as a traitor, and executed. His head is set up in Clonmel market place and his body buried behind the high altar of the Franciscan convent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247428620#Events", "title": "1585 in Ireland", "revid": 1247428620, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1589, "year_label": "1589 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 26", "text": "April 26 – Benedict the Moor, Italian Franciscan friar and saint (b. 1526)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359971295#Deaths", "title": "1589", "revid": 1359971295, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1597, "year_label": "1597 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – Gonsalo Garcia, Portuguese Franciscan and Roman Catholic priest, missionary, martyr and saint (b. 1557)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801855#Deaths", "title": "1597", "revid": 1362801855, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1599, "year_label": "1599 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 17", "text": "April 17 – Patrick Fleming, Franciscan ecclesiastical scholar (d. 1631)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247428499#Births", "title": "1599 in Ireland", "revid": 1247428499, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1636, "year_label": "1636 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Compilation of the Annals of the Four Masters is completed by Mícheál Ó Cléirigh, assisted by Cú Choigcríche Ó Cléirigh, Fearfeasa Ó Maol Chonaire and Peregrine Ó Duibhgeannain, in the Franciscan friary in Donegal Town under the patronage of Fearghal Ó Gadhra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305249087#Events", "title": "1636 in Ireland", "revid": 1305249087, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1663, "year_label": "1663 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – the Franciscan chapel in Cook Street, Dublin, is raided by the military.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247387406#Events", "title": "1663 in Ireland", "revid": 1247387406, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1797, "year_label": "1797 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June", "text": "Mission San José (California), the fourteenth historic Spanish mission located in the present-day city of Fremont, California by the Franciscan order on June 11, 1797.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370139879#June", "title": "1797 in Spain", "revid": 1370139879, "section": "Events › June"}}]}