{"slug": "florida", "label": "Florida", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812", "qid": "Q812", "description": "state of the United States of America", "entries": 53, "years": 43, "span": [1513, 2024], "span_label": ["1513 CE", "2024 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 12}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 9}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 7}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 6}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 5}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "cuba", "label": "Cuba", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "louisiana", "label": "Louisiana", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "texas", "label": "Texas", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "united-states", "label": "United States", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "nazism", "label": "Nazism", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "the-holocaust", "label": "The Holocaust", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "u-s-state", "label": "U.S. state", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "north-america", "label": "North America", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "juan-ponce-de-leon", "label": "Juan Ponce de León", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "war-of-jenkins-ear", "label": "War of Jenkins' Ear", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "gulf-of-mexico", "label": "Gulf of Mexico", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1513, "year_label": "1513 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 27", "text": "March 27 – Juan Ponce de León becomes the first European definitely known to sight Florida, mistaking it for another island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363949569#January–March", "title": "1513", "revid": 1363949569, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1513, "year_label": "1513 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 2", "text": "April 2 – Juan Ponce de León and his expedition become the first Europeans known to visit Florida, landing somewhere on the east coast. One of the expedition, Juan Garrido, becomes the first African known to visit North America.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363949569#April–June", "title": "1513", "revid": 1363949569, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1527, "year_label": "1527 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – The Narváez expedition to conquer Florida sets sail from Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366980186#April–June", "title": "1527", "revid": 1366980186, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 30", "text": "May 30 – Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay, Florida with 600 soldiers, with the goal of finding gold. He also introduces pigs into North America.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#April–June", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1562, "year_label": "1562 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – Jean Ribault, French navigator, lands in Florida, and later establishes a Huguenot colony at Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000458#April–June", "title": "1562", "revid": 1362000458, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1564, "year_label": "1564 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – French settlers abandon Charlesfort, the first French attempt at colonizing what is now the United States, and, with the help of a relief force commanded by René Goulaine, establish Fort Caroline in Florida, near what is now the city of Jacksonville.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363117508#April–June", "title": "1564", "revid": 1363117508, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1564, "year_label": "1564 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 22", "text": "22 June – French settlers abandon Charlesfort, the first French attempt at colonizing the modern-day United States, and establish Fort Caroline in Florida", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353736644#Events", "title": "1564 in France", "revid": 1353736644, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1565, "year_label": "1565 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 28", "text": "August 28 (feast day of St. Augustine) – The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés first sights land in Florida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323811827#July–September", "title": "1565", "revid": 1323811827, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1565, "year_label": "1565 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés lands in modern-day Florida to oust the French under Jean Ribault. He later destroys the French colony of Fort Caroline.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353736646#Events", "title": "1565 in France", "revid": 1353736646, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1715, "year_label": "1715 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – 1715 Treasure Fleet: A Spanish treasure fleet of 12 ships, under General Don Juan Ubilla, leaves Havana, Cuba for Spain. Seven days later, 11 of them sink in a storm off the coast of Florida (some centuries later, treasure salvage is found from these wrecks).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355668843#July–September", "title": "1715", "revid": 1355668843, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1740, "year_label": "1740 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – War of Jenkins' Ear: Siege of Fort Mose – A Spanish column of 300 regular troops, free Black militia and Indian auxiliaries storms Britain's strategically crucial position of Fort Mose, Florida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362733434#April–June", "title": "1740", "revid": 1362733434, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1740, "year_label": "1740 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 26", "text": "26 June – War of Jenkins' Ear: Siege of Fort Mose – A Spanish column of 300 regular troops, free black militia and Indian auxiliaries storms Britain's strategically crucial position of Fort Mose, Florida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275835300#Events", "title": "1740 in Great Britain", "revid": 1275835300, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1762, "year_label": "1762 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 3", "text": "November 3 – According to the preliminaries of peace, signed at Fontainebleau, England is to have, with certain West Indies, Florida, Louisiana, to the Mississippi River (without New Orleans), Canada, Acadia, Cape Breton Island and its dependencies, and the fisheries, subject to certain French interests. Spain is to have New Orleans and Louisiana, west of the Mississippi, with an undetermined Western boundary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349954203#Events", "title": "1762 in Canada", "revid": 1349954203, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – The first Seminole War begins in Florida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360260504#October–December", "title": "1817", "revid": 1360260504, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – First Seminole War: General Andrew Jackson and his American army invade Florida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373165947#January–March", "title": "1818", "revid": 1373165947, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1819, "year_label": "1819 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 22", "text": "February 22 – Adams–Onís Treaty: Agreement is reached for Spain to cede Florida (already under USA's domination) to the United States in exchange for renunciation of American claims on Texas arising from the Louisiana Purchase, American payment of $5 million to settle citizens' claims regarding Florida, and definition of international borders. Following ratification, the treaty takes effect in 1821.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355822452#January–March", "title": "1819", "revid": 1355822452, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1822, "year_label": "1822 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 23", "text": "November 23 – The USS Alligator wrecks on Carysford Reef off the coast of Florida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322982140#Events", "title": "1822 in the United States", "revid": 1322982140, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1832, "year_label": "1832 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 9", "text": "February 9 – The Florida Legislative Council grants a city charter for Jacksonville, Florida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370617764#January–March", "title": "1832", "revid": 1370617764, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1835, "year_label": "1835 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 28", "text": "December 28 – The Second Seminole War breaks out. Seminole fighter Osceola and his warriors attack government agent Thompson outside Fort King in central Florida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367740380#Events", "title": "1835 in the United States", "revid": 1367740380, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1837, "year_label": "1837 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4 – Seminoles attack Fort Foster in Florida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360323585#January–March", "title": "1837", "revid": 1360323585, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1845, "year_label": "1845 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – Florida is admitted as the 27th U.S. state. On the same day, both houses of the U.S. Congress vote by a two-thirds majority, to override a presidential veto for the first time in history in order to pass legislation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364939346#January–March", "title": "1845", "revid": 1364939346, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1845, "year_label": "1845 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – Florida is admitted as the 27th U.S. state (see History of Florida).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329996053#January–March", "title": "1845 in the United States", "revid": 1329996053, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 25", "text": "October 25 – Florida drafts its constitution in Tallahassee.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#October", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1898, "year_label": "1898 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – The American steam boat Walkatomica, which has made regular runs for travelers along the Gulf Coast of Florida since 1885, is destroyed by fire while in port in Tallahassee.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367547011#October", "title": "1898", "revid": 1367547011, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12–14 – Great Blizzard of 1899: Freezing temperatures and snow extend well south into North America, including southern Florida. It is the latest in a series of disasters to Florida's citrus industry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372679491#February", "title": "1899 in the United States", "revid": 1372679491, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1919, "year_label": "1919 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 10", "text": "September 10–15 – The Florida Keys hurricane kills 600 in the Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Texas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373508849#September", "title": "1919", "revid": 1373508849, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1919, "year_label": "1919 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 10", "text": "September 10 – September 15: The Florida Keys Hurricane kills 600 in the Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Texas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365051937#September", "title": "1919 in the United States", "revid": 1365051937, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 16", "text": "September 16 – The Okeechobee hurricane kills at least 2,500 people in Florida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372527586#September", "title": "1928", "revid": 1372527586, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 16", "text": "September 16 – The 1928 Okeechobee Hurricane kills at least 2,500 people in Florida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362213500#September", "title": "1928 in the United States", "revid": 1362213500, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – The St. Louis, a ship carrying 907 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida; only a few passengers have been allowed to enter Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, many of its passengers later die in Nazi death camps during The Holocaust.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372426050#June", "title": "1939", "revid": 1372426050, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – The SS St. Louis, a ship carrying a cargo of 907 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida after already having been turned away from Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, many of the passengers later die in Nazi death camps during the Holocaust.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362076407#June", "title": "1939 in the United States", "revid": 1362076407, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – Six-year-old Elaine Esposito goes to have an appendix operation in Florida and lapses into a coma, dying 37 years later, still comatose.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372706275#August", "title": "1941", "revid": 1372706275, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1947, "year_label": "1947 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17–21 – The 1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane in southeastern Florida, and also in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana causes widespread damage, and kills 50 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371901060#September", "title": "1947", "revid": 1371901060, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1951, "year_label": "1951 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 — The cremated remains of Mary Reeser are found at her home in Saint Petersburg, Florida. She is believed to have been a victim of spontaneous human combustion. The FBI believes that the near total consumption of her body by the fire was caused by the Wick effect.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368856437#July", "title": "1951", "revid": 1368856437, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – Groundhog Day tropical storm forms just north of Cuba, moving northeast. The storm makes landfall in southern Florida the next day as a gale-force storm and transitions to a tropical storm over the Atlantic (only Atlantic tropical storm on record in February).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372679549#February", "title": "1952 in the United States", "revid": 1372679549, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – Explorer program: The United States launches Explorer 6 from the Atlantic Missile Range in Cape Canaveral, Florida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#August", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – Hurricane Donna kills 50 people in Florida and New England, United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#August", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 2", "text": "December 2 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the use of $1.0 million for the relief and resettlement of Cuban refugees, who have been arriving in Florida at the rate of about 1,000 per week.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#December", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1965, "year_label": "1965 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 24", "text": "24 July - Miss Thailand Apasra Hongsakula won the crown title of the Miss Universe 1965 held in Miami Beach, Florida, United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371206699#July", "title": "1965 in Thailand", "revid": 1371206699, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1966, "year_label": "1966 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Member of the US House from Florida", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370246126#September", "title": "1966", "revid": 1370246126, "section": "Births › September"}}, {"year": 1968, "year_label": "1968 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 13", "text": "13 July: Martha Vasconcellos becomes the second Brazilian to win the Miss Universe title, in the pageant held in Miami Beach, Florida, United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368648833#July", "title": "1968 in Brazil", "revid": 1368648833, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1980, "year_label": "1980 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – In Florida, United States, the Liberian freighter Summit Venture hits the Sunshine Skyway Bridge over Tampa Bay. A 1,400 foot section of the bridge collapses and 35 people (most of them on a bus) are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363797378#May", "title": "1980", "revid": 1363797378, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – With the death of the last known individual, the dusky seaside sparrow, a subspecies native to the US state of Florida, becomes extinct.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#June", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24–28 – Hurricane Andrew hits south Florida and Louisiana and dissipates over the Tennessee valley when it merges with a storm system; 23 are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#August", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April", "text": "Backstreet Boys were formed in Orlando, Florida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#April", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – Tropical Storm Alberto forms, hitting parts of Florida causing $1.03 billion in damage and 32 deaths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#June", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1996, "year_label": "1996 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – An ice storm strikes the U.S. killing 26 directly and hundreds more from accidents. A powerful windstorm blasts Florida with winds gusts up to 90 mph.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371596794#November", "title": "1996", "revid": 1371596794, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "August 25", "text": "August 25 – The Spitzer Space Telescope is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371470479#August", "title": "2003", "revid": 1371470479, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2009, "year_label": "2009 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 7", "text": "March 7 – NASA's Kepler Mission, a space photometer that will search for extrasolar planets in the Milky Way galaxy, is launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, USA.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367728140#March", "title": "2009", "revid": 1367728140, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2018, "year_label": "2018 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – SpaceX successfully conducts its maiden flight of its most powerful rocket to date, the Falcon Heavy, from LC39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Florida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373090883#February", "title": "2018", "revid": 1373090883, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 30", "text": "May 30 – The first crewed flight of the SpaceX Dragon 2 (initially scheduled for May 27 but delayed due to weather) is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, the first crewed spacecraft to take off from U.S. soil since the retirement of the Space Shuttle in 2011.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#May", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – Ryan Wesley Routh is accused of attempting to assassinate Donald Trump in Florida. Routh is later captured and arrested, and a trial date has been set for 2025.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#September", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 26", "text": "September 26 – Hurricane Helene, the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Maria in 2017, makes landfall in Florida as a category four hurricane. It has a death toll of 236 and leaves more than 685 missing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#September", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › September"}}]}