{"slug": "flanders", "label": "Flanders", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flanders", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234", "qid": "Q234", "description": "ethnic territory of the Flemish people", "entries": 23, "years": 21, "span": [639, 1712], "span_label": ["639 CE", "1712 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "ghent", "label": "Ghent", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "spanish-netherlands", "label": "Spanish Netherlands", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "belgium", "label": "Belgium", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "louis-xiv", "label": "Louis XIV", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "philip-iv-of-spain", "label": "Philip IV of Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "stephen-king-of-england", "label": "Stephen, King of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "newcastle-upon-tyne", "label": "Newcastle upon Tyne", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "carlisle", "label": "Carlisle", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "david-i-of-scotland", "label": "David I of Scotland", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 639, "year_label": "639 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Eligius succeeds Acarius as bishop of Doornik and Noyon. He becomes constituted guardian of the towns of Vermandois, which also include Ghent and Kortrijk (Flanders).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754023#Religion", "title": "639", "revid": 1364754023, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 843, "year_label": "843 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Judith of Flanders, queen of Wessex and countess of Flanders (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941897#Births", "title": "843", "revid": 1340941897, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 883, "year_label": "883 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Viking raiders ravage Flanders, and sack the abbey at Saint-Quentin. King Carloman II blocks their passage at Laviers, which had been on the banks of the Somme. Meanwhile, Vikings enter the Rhine, but are turned back by Henry of Franconia (possibly a margrave of Saxony). They over-winter at Duisburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129939#Europe", "title": "883", "revid": 1341129939, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1136, "year_label": "1136 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King David I of Scotland invades northern England and captures many of the major towns including Carlisle and Newcastle. In response, King Stephen raises an army (with Flemish mercenaries), and marches to Durham. David agrees to negotiate a peace between the two countries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584360#Britain", "title": "1136", "revid": 1365584360, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1201, "year_label": "1201 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King John puts an embargo on wheat exported to Flanders, in an attempt to force an allegiance between the states. He also puts a levy of a fifteenth on the value of cargo exported to France and disallows the export of wool to France without a special license. The levies are enforced in each port by at least six men – including one churchman and one knight. John affirms that judgments made by the court of Westminster are as valid as those made \"before the king himself or his chief justice\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364405568#British_Isles", "title": "1201", "revid": 1364405568, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1297, "year_label": "1297 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – Edward I of England leads an expedition to Flanders. He moves with an army (some 8,000 men) supported by 800 knights to Ghent and makes the city his base of operations in Flanders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359692211#British_Isles", "title": "1297", "revid": 1359692211, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1404, "year_label": "1404 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 19", "text": "November 19 – The St. Elizabeth's flood of the North Sea devastates parts of Flanders, Zeeland and Holland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361962096#October–December", "title": "1404", "revid": 1361962096, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1405, "year_label": "1405 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – The three sons of Philip the Bold—John the Fearless, Philip II, and Anthony— agree at Arras to partition the Burgundian lands of their father between themselves, with John to retain Flanders, Philip to take the County of Nevers, and Anthony to retain Rethel as well to purchase the Duchy of Brabant from John.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337543539#April–June", "title": "1405", "revid": 1337543539, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1434, "year_label": "1434 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 9", "text": "January 9 – (Rajab 9, 837 AH) King Alfonso V of Aragon ruler of the Kingdom of Sicily as well, contracts with tapestry weaver Guillem d'Uxelles to Flanders to begin learning the Flemish methods to be duplicated in Spain, beginning the \"Hispano-Flemish\" style.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1335073150#January–March", "title": "1434", "revid": 1335073150, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1460, "year_label": "1460 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 3", "text": "August 3 – King James II of Scotland is killed by the explosion of a cannon which he had purchased from Flanders as part of acquiring the most up-to-date military technology for Scotland. The King had been supervising the bombardment of Roxburgh Castle during a siege to force out the English occupation troops. Historian Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie later writes \"as the King stood near a piece of artillery, his thigh bone was dug in two with a piece of misframed gun that brake in shooting, by which he was stricken to the ground and died hastily. He is succeeded by his 8-year-old son, who becomes King James III, with power exercised by the boy's mother, the Queen Regent Mary of Guelders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371496065#July–September", "title": "1460", "revid": 1371496065, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1526, "year_label": "1526 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – Treaty of Madrid: Peace is declared between Francis I of France and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Francis agrees to cede Burgundy and abandons all claims to Flanders, Artois, Naples, and Milan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369353275#January–March", "title": "1526", "revid": 1369353275, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1556, "year_label": "1556 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The kings of Spain take control of what becomes the Flanders region, including the French département of Nord.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320371006#Date_unknown", "title": "1556", "revid": 1320371006, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1556, "year_label": "1556 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November", "text": "November – The Truce of Vaucelles collapses and the Italian War of 1551–1559 resumes between France and Spain. Spain takes control of the Flanders region, including the modern-day Nord.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353736566#Events", "title": "1556 in France", "revid": 1353736566, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1561, "year_label": "1561 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The first Calvinists settle in England, after fleeing Flanders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358043209#Date_unknown", "title": "1561", "revid": 1358043209, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1577, "year_label": "1577 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – In Flanders (now part of Belgium), two Protestant members of the city council of Ghent, Jan van Hembyze and François van Ryhove, proclaim the Calvinist Republic of Ghent. The stadtholder of Flanders, Philippe III de Croÿ, Duke of Aarschot is arrested, along with the Roman Catholic bishops Martin Rythovius of Ypres and Remi Drieux of Bruges. The Calvinist Republic will exist for seven years until the Spanish conquest of Ghent in 1584.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361323001#October–December", "title": "1577", "revid": 1361323001, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1586, "year_label": "1586 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Flemish mathematician Simon Stevin publishes a study showing that two objects of different weight fall with the same speed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561042#Date_unknown", "title": "1586", "revid": 1369561042, "section": "Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1588, "year_label": "1588 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – The English fleet defeats the Spanish fleet off the coast of Flanders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362479687#July–September", "title": "1588", "revid": 1362479687, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1599, "year_label": "1599 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "March 22", "text": "March 22 – Anthony van Dyck, Flemish painter (d. 1641)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373325746#January–March", "title": "1599", "revid": 1373325746, "section": "Births › January–March"}}, {"year": 1605, "year_label": "1605 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Priory of St. Gregory's is founded at Douai, Flanders, at this time in the Spanish Netherlands, by its first prior, John Roberts, and other exiles, thus becoming the first English Benedictine house to renew conventual life after the English Reformation. More than two centuries later the community will establish Downside Abbey back in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477436#Date_unknown", "title": "1605", "revid": 1362477436, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1606, "year_label": "1606 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – England deports 47 Roman Catholic priests, including Thomas Garnet, putting them on board a ship bound for Flanders in modern-day Belgium. A royal proclamation is read to the group, warning them that they will be put to death if they ever return to the British Isles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561009#July–September", "title": "1606", "revid": 1369561009, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – After King Philip IV of Spain reneges on payment of a large dowry to King Louis XIV of France, promised to Louis as a gift for Louis' marriage to Philip's daughter Princess Maria Theresa, the War of Devolution begins between France and Spain. The French Army invades the Spanish Netherlands (modern-day Belgium), entering Flanders and Franche-Comté. By the time the war ends on May 2, 1668, parts of the Spanish Netherlands are ceded to France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989201#April–June", "title": "1667", "revid": 1365989201, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 24", "text": "24 May – The War of Devolution begins: France invades Flanders and Franche-Comté; on 10 August the siege of Lille, the war's only main engagement, begins, ending in a French victory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737380#Events", "title": "1667 in France", "revid": 1353737380, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1712, "year_label": "1712 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – British Army in Flanders under the Duke of Ormonde receives \"restraining orders\" that prevents them taking part in any offensive against France due to ongoing peace talks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1276007861#Events", "title": "1712 in Great Britain", "revid": 1276007861, "section": "Events"}}]}