{"slug": "eumenes-ii", "label": "Eumenes II", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eumenes_II", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270678", "qid": "Q270678", "description": "King of Pergamon from 197 to 159 BC", "entries": 12, "years": 12, "span": [-196, -158], "span_label": ["197 BCE", "159 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}], "also_known_as": ["Eumenes II of Pergamum"], "related": [{"slug": "pergamon", "label": "Pergamon", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "galatia", "label": "Galatia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "roman-senate", "label": "Roman Senate", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "perseus-of-macedon", "label": "Perseus of Macedon", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ancient-greece", "label": "Ancient Greece", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "seleucid-empire", "label": "Seleucid Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "antiochus-iii-the-great", "label": "Antiochus III the Great", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "titus-quinctius-flamininus", "label": "Titus Quinctius Flamininus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "delphi", "label": "Delphi", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dardanelles", "label": "Dardanelles", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -196, "year_label": "197 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Eumenes II becomes King of Pergamum following the death of his father Attalus I Soter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698626#Asia_Minor", "title": "197 BC", "revid": 1352698626, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -195, "year_label": "196 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "According to the Roman scholar and writer Marcus Terentius Varro, the foundation of a library at Pergamum around this time by Eumenes II of Pergamum, combined with an embargo on papyrus by Ptolemy V, leads to the invention of parchment.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172645#Anatolia", "title": "196 BC", "revid": 1354172645, "section": "Events › By place › Anatolia"}}, {"year": -192, "year_label": "193 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Eumenes II of Pergamum appeals to Rome for help against the Seleucid king Antiochus III who is threatening to conquer Greece. The Roman proconsul Titus Quinctius Flamininus supports the Roman championship of Greek autonomy in Anatolia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1213018923#Greece", "title": "193 BC", "revid": 1213018923, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -189, "year_label": "190 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Meeting no further resistance from the Seleucids and their allies, the Roman army under general Scipio Africanus and his brother Lucius, along with King Eumenes II of Pergamum and other allies, cross the Hellespont into Anatolia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342606670#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "190 BC", "revid": 1342606670, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -188, "year_label": "189 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Romans under consul Gnaeus Manlius Vulso, along with a Pergamene army under Eumenes II, defeat the Galatians in Anatolia and make them subjects of Pergamum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370483432#Asia_Minor", "title": "189 BC", "revid": 1370483432, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -187, "year_label": "188 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Hannibal flees via Crete to the court of King Prusias I of Bithynia who is engaged in warfare with Rome's ally, King Eumenes II of Pergamum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560521#Asia_Minor", "title": "188 BC", "revid": 1369560521, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -185, "year_label": "186 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Eumenes II of Pergamum defeats Prusias I of Bithynia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368172407#Asia_Minor", "title": "186 BC", "revid": 1368172407, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -180, "year_label": "181 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Pharnaces I of Pontus decides to attack both Eumenes II of Pergamum and Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia and therefore invades Galatia with a large force. Eumenes leads an army to oppose him, however, hostilities are soon suspended following the arrival of Roman deputies, who have been appointed by the Roman Senate to inquire into the matters in dispute. Negotiations take place at Pergamum but are inconclusive, with Pharnaces' demands being rejected by the Romans as unreasonable. As a consequence, the war between Pontus and Pergamum and Cappadocia is renewed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363192990#Asia_Minor", "title": "181 BC", "revid": 1363192990, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -178, "year_label": "179 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Eumenes II of Pergamum defeats Pharnaces I of Pontus in a major battle. Finding himself unable to cope with the combined forces of Eumenes and Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia, Pharnaces is compelled to purchase peace by ceding all his conquests in Galatia and Paphlagonia, with the exception of Sinope.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209269446#Asia_Minor", "title": "179 BC", "revid": 1209269446, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -171, "year_label": "172 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Eumenes II of Pergamum travels to Rome to warn the Roman Senate of the danger from Perseus of Macedon. On his return from Rome, Eumenes II is nearly killed at Delphi and Perseus is suspected of being the instigator.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370481117#Greece", "title": "172 BC", "revid": 1370481117, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -170, "year_label": "171 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Thanks to the efforts of Eumenes II of Pergamum while in Rome, the Romans declare war on Macedonia and send troops to Thessaly, thus beginning the Third Macedonian War. In the resulting Battle of Callicinus the Macedonians, led by their king, Perseus, are victorious over a Roman force led by consul Publius Licinius Crassus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698432#Greece", "title": "171 BC", "revid": 1352698432, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -158, "year_label": "159 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Attalus II Philadelphus succeeds his brother Eumenes II as king of Pergamon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1282394740#Greece", "title": "159 BC", "revid": 1282394740, "section": "Events › Greece"}}]}