{"slug": "etruscan-civilization", "label": "Etruscan civilization", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_civilization", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17161", "qid": "Q17161", "description": "ancient civilization on the Appenine Peninsula", "entries": 25, "years": 25, "span": [-752, -89], "span_label": ["753 BCE", "90 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 18}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Etruscans"], "related": [{"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "etruria", "label": "Etruria", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "samnites", "label": "Samnites", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "umbria", "label": "Umbria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "campania", "label": "Campania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "veii", "label": "Veii", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-dictator", "label": "Roman dictator", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "greeks", "label": "Greeks", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cumae", "label": "Cumae", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "syracuse-sicily", "label": "Syracuse, Sicily", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -752, "year_label": "753 BCE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "753 BC—The city of Rome and the Roman Kingdom were thought to be founded, according to Roman tradition, and is ruled by Rome's first king, Romulus. Beginning of the Roman 'Ab urbe condita' calendar. Rome adopts the Etruscan alphabet, which the Etruscans themselves had adopted from the Greeks. Set by Varro, this was the most common date used.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368385928#Events_and_trends", "title": "750s BC", "revid": 1368385928, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -699, "year_label": "700 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "700 BC—End of the Villanovan culture in northern Italy and rise of the Etruscan civilization.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361440079#Events_and_trends", "title": "700s BC (decade)", "revid": 1361440079, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -599, "year_label": "600 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Capua is founded by Etruscans. (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372139014#Western_Europe", "title": "600 BC", "revid": 1372139014, "section": "Events › By place › Western Europe"}}, {"year": -566, "year_label": "567 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25—Servius Tullius, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129125#Events", "title": "567 BC", "revid": 1350129125, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -534, "year_label": "535 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Phocaean Greek colonists clash with Carthaginian and Etruscan ships in the Battle of Alalia (near Corsica).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363151414#Europe", "title": "535 BC", "revid": 1363151414, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": -533, "year_label": "534 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Etruscan founded the city of Felsina, that later will become the modern city of Bologna.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342714582#Europe", "title": "534 BC", "revid": 1342714582, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": -523, "year_label": "524 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Cumae - An army of Umbrians, Daunians, Etruscans, and others is defeated by the Greeks of Cumae, present-day Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358121888#Southern_Italy", "title": "524 BC", "revid": 1358121888, "section": "Events › By place › Southern Italy"}}, {"year": -495, "year_label": "496 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The former Etruscan King of Rome, Tarquinius Superbus, who had been exiled by the Romans in 509 BC, and his ally Octavius Mamilius, of Tusculum, together with the Latins are defeated by the Roman Republic army in the Battle of Lake Regillus, near Frascati. The outcome of this battle establishes Roman supremacy over the Latins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129351#Roman_Republic", "title": "496 BC", "revid": 1350129351, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -476, "year_label": "477 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Roman forces in a stronghold on the Cremera River are defeated by an army of Veientes from the Etruscan city of Veii in the Battle of the Cremera.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129381#Roman_Republic", "title": "477 BC", "revid": 1350129381, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -473, "year_label": "474 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Hiero I, tyrant of Syracuse, allied with naval forces from the maritime Greek cities of southern Italy defeats the Etruscan navy in the Battle of Cumae as the Etruscans try to capture the Greek city of Cumae. This victory marks the end of the Etruscan aggression against the Greeks in southern Italy and saves the Greeks of Campania from Etruscan domination.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598367#Italy", "title": "474 BC", "revid": 1360598367, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -395, "year_label": "396 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Furius Camillus is made dictator by the Romans. Camillus finally destroys the Etruscan city of Veii in southern Etruria as the town falls to Roman forces after what is said to be a 10 year siege. The capture of Veii and its surrounding territories marks the first major expansion of Rome which doubles its territory after this victory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1306223289#Roman_Republic", "title": "396 BC", "revid": 1306223289, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -353, "year_label": "354 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Rome defeats the Etruscans of the city of Caere.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1291610084#Roman_Republic", "title": "354 BC", "revid": 1291610084, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -350, "year_label": "351 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Etruscans are badly defeated by the Romans and abandon their attacks on the city and sue for peace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325759360#Roman_Republic", "title": "351 BC", "revid": 1325759360, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -311, "year_label": "312 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Second Samnite War continues: there are rumours of a mobilisation of the Etruscans; since the consul Marcus Valerius Maximus Corvus is campaigning in Samnium and his consular colleague Publius Decius Mus is to ill to lead an army, the people appoint Gaius Sulpicius Longus as dictator. Sulpicius appoints Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus as his Magister Equitum (Second-in-command). Sulpicius ' mission is to defend against the Etruscan invasion which never materialize; Sulpicius and Brutus remain in camp at Rome until the end of the campaigning season.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172925#Italy", "title": "312 BC", "revid": 1354172925, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -310, "year_label": "311 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Barbula campaigns against the Etruscans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1230109286#Italy", "title": "311 BC", "revid": 1230109286, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -309, "year_label": "310 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Rome deals with renewed trouble from the Etruscans, who are persuaded by the Samnites to cease their alliance with the Romans. In the Battle of Lake Vadimo, the Romans under Fabius Maximus Rullianus defeat the Etruscans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351686531#Roman_Republic", "title": "310 BC", "revid": 1351686531, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -307, "year_label": "308 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Etruscans sue for peace with Rome, which is granted by the Romans on severe terms.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358626493#Italy", "title": "308 BC", "revid": 1358626493, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -303, "year_label": "304 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The second Samnite war formally ends with a peace agreement in which the Samnites obtain peace on terms that are severe but not as crushing as those agreed by the Romans with the Etruscans four years earlier. Under the peace, Rome gains no territory, but the Samnites renounce their hegemony over Campania. Rome is also successful in ending the revolts amongst the tribes surrounding Roman territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355692793#Roman_Republic", "title": "304 BC", "revid": 1355692793, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -298, "year_label": "299 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A coalition of raiders from Cisalpine and Transalpine Gaul invade Etruria and are paid off by the Etruscans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1158554016#Roman_Republic", "title": "299 BC", "revid": 1158554016, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -297, "year_label": "298 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The consuls Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus and Gnaeus Fulvius Maximus Centumalus campaign against the Etruscans. Scipio fights a costly indecisive battle near Volaterrae.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129361#Roman_Republic", "title": "298 BC", "revid": 1350129361, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -295, "year_label": "296 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Samnite noble Gellius Egnatius leads an army into Umbria and makes an alliance with the majority of the Etruscan city-states and some of the Umbrian cities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359921190#Roman_Republic", "title": "296 BC", "revid": 1359921190, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -292, "year_label": "293 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Due to renewed hostility among some of the Etruscans, who are joined by the Falisci, Carvilius marches to Etruria, storms the town of Troilum and captures five forts. The Falisci then sue for peace and receive a one-year truce.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129456#Roman_Republic", "title": "293 BC", "revid": 1350129456, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -282, "year_label": "283 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "At the Battle of Lake Vadimo, Roman forces finally quell the allied Etruscans and Gauls. The Roman army is led by consul Publius Cornelius Dolabella. Rome is at last undisputed master of northern and central Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354173238#Roman_Republic", "title": "283 BC", "revid": 1354173238, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -281, "year_label": "282 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Battle of Populonia is fought between Rome and the Etruscans. The Romans are victorious and, as a result, the Etruscan threat to Rome is sharply diminished.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1313148199#Roman_Republic", "title": "282 BC", "revid": 1313148199, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -89, "year_label": "90 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Etruscans are granted Roman citizenship.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332493065#Roman_Republic", "title": "90 BC", "revid": 1332493065, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}]}