{"slug": "ethiopian-empire", "label": "Ethiopian Empire", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207521", "qid": "Q207521", "description": "1270–1974 state in the Horn of Africa", "entries": 27, "years": 26, "span": [1137, 1960], "span_label": ["1137 CE", "1960 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 7}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "zara-yaqob", "label": "Zara Yaqob", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy", "label": "Kingdom of Italy", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ethiopia", "label": "Ethiopia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "gondar", "label": "Gondar", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "haile-selassie", "label": "Haile Selassie", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-kingdom", "label": "United Kingdom", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "april", "label": "April", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "february", "label": "February", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "qing-dynasty", "label": "Qing dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-nations", "label": "United Nations", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1137, "year_label": "1137 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Ethiopian Empire is established by Emperor Mara Takla Haymanot of the Zagwe Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362157430#Africa", "title": "1137", "revid": 1362157430, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1162, "year_label": "1162 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Gebre Mesqel Lalibela, ruler of the Ethiopian Empire (d. 1221)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184511#Births", "title": "1162", "revid": 1369184511, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1250, "year_label": "1250 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Welayta state is founded in modern-day Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360895476#Africa", "title": "1250", "revid": 1360895476, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1372, "year_label": "1372 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Newaya Maryam succeeds his father, Newaya Krestos, as ruler of Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370079239#Date_unknown", "title": "1372", "revid": 1370079239, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1382, "year_label": "1382 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Dawit I succeeds his brother Newaya Maryam, as Emperor of Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367364320#Date_unknown", "title": "1382", "revid": 1367364320, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1434, "year_label": "1434 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – Zara Yaqob becomes Emperor of Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1335073150#April–June", "title": "1434", "revid": 1335073150, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1441, "year_label": "1441 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 26", "text": "August 26 – Bishop Alberto da Sarteano, who had been sent by the Vatican on a mission to seek the Ethiopian Coptic Christian Church to join with the Roman Catholic Church, returns to Rome with four Ethiopians who had been allowed to leave by the Emperor Zara Yaqob. Two of the visitors the attend the Council of Florence to discuss the possible union of Coptic Orthodoxy and the Latin Church, marking the earliest recorded contact of the Ethiopian Coptic Church with Europe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361382363#July–September", "title": "1441", "revid": 1361382363, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1445, "year_label": "1445 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – In northeastern Africa, the Battle of Gomit is fought between the Ethiopian Empire (whose troops are led by the Emperor Zara Yaqob ) and the Adal Sultanate, whose invading army is led by the Sultan Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din. The Sultan charges toward the Emperor, who kills him with his spear. The Adal troops flee and many are killed by the pursuing Ethiopian troops. Badlay's son, Muhammad ibn Badlay, survives and becomes the new Sultan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372937#October–December", "title": "1445", "revid": 1370372937, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1456, "year_label": "1456 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Zara Yaqob of Ethiopia founds the city of Debre Berhan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371442849#Date_unknown", "title": "1456", "revid": 1371442849, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1468, "year_label": "1468 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 26", "text": "August 26 – Baeda Maryam succeeds his father Zara Yaqob, as Emperor of Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561306#July–September", "title": "1468", "revid": 1369561306, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1531, "year_label": "1531 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February", "text": "February or March – Battle of Antukyah: Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of the Adal Sultanate defeats the Ethiopian army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359939156#January–March", "title": "1531", "revid": 1359939156, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1531, "year_label": "1531 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – Battle of Amba Sel: Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi again defeats the army of Dawit II, Emperor of Ethiopia. The southern part of Ethiopia thus falls under Imam Ahmad's control.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359939156#October–December", "title": "1531", "revid": 1359939156, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1604, "year_label": "1604 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – Za Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia, is killed in battle with the forces of Za Sellase, who restores his cousin Yaqob to the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348862771#October–December", "title": "1604", "revid": 1348862771, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1650, "year_label": "1650 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Ethiopia deports Portuguese diplomats and missionaries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373388330#Date_unknown", "title": "1650", "revid": 1373388330, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1700, "year_label": "1700 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April", "text": "April – Fire destroys many buildings in Gondar, the capital of Ethiopia, including two in the palace complex.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366570351#April–June", "title": "1700", "revid": 1366570351, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1770, "year_label": "1770 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – Scottish explorer James Bruce arrives at Gondar, capital of Abyssinia (modern-day Ethiopia) and is received by the Emperor Tekle Haymanot II and Ras Mikael Sehul.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310921#January–_March", "title": "1770", "revid": 1368310921, "section": "Events › January– March"}}, {"year": 1872, "year_label": "1872 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 12", "text": "January 12 – Yohannes IV is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia in Axum, the first ruler crowned in that city in over 500 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371307490#January", "title": "1872", "revid": 1371307490, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1886, "year_label": "1886 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Addis Ababa is founded in the Ethiopian Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372679431#Date_unknown", "title": "1886", "revid": 1372679431, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1889, "year_label": "1889 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 2", "text": "2 May – Signing of the Treaty of Wuchale between the Ethiopian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy after the Italian occupation of Eritrea in the small Ethiopian town of Wuchale. King Menelik II had just won the imperial crown with the aid of Italian money and weapons. The purpose of the treaty was to promote friendship and trade among the two countries. Article 17 of the treaty was translated and interpreted differently by Ethiopia and Italy. Italy claimed the article imposed a protectorate over Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356682596#Maʏ", "title": "1889 in Italy", "revid": 1356682596, "section": "Events › Maʏ"}}, {"year": 1895, "year_label": "1895 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 13", "text": "January 13 – Battle of Coatit between Italy and Ethiopian proxies led by Tigrian warlord Ras Mengesha Yohannes in what is now Eritrea. It was the opening battle of the First Italo–Ethiopian War, and was a significant victory for the Italians, as they rebuffed an invasion force.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1310097137#January", "title": "1895 in Italy", "revid": 1310097137, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1896, "year_label": "1896 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – The Battle of Adwa between Ethiopia and Italy near the town of Adwa, Ethiopia, in Tigray. It was the climactic battle of the First Italo-Ethiopian War, securing Ethiopian sovereignty and ending Italian attempts at its conquest for another three and a half decades. The Italians suffered about 7,000 killed and 1,500 wounded in the battle and subsequent retreat back into Eritrea, with 3,000 taken prisoner. Ethiopian losses have been estimated at around 4,000–5,000 killed and 8,000 wounded. When the news reached Italy, street demonstrations and rioting broke out in major cities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358120428#March", "title": "1896 in Italy", "revid": 1358120428, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – Prime Minister Pelloux resigns over his Chinese policy. Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs Felice Napoleone Canevaro had demanded that the Chinese Empire grant it a lease for a naval coaling station at China's Sanmen Bay (known as \"San-Mun Bay\" to the Italians) similar to the lease the German Empire had secured in 1898 at Kiautschou Bay. China refused to comply and Italy had to withdraw its ultimatum, becoming the first and only Western power to fail to achieve its territorial goals in China. The fiasco was an embarrassment that gave Italy – still stung by its defeat at the hands of the Ethiopian Empire in the Battle of Adowa in 1896 – the appearance of a third-rate power. Pelloux and his fellow cabinet ministers stated that Canevaro had acted without informing them, and it was widely believed that king Umberto I was the one who had given Canevaro the orders to acquire a concession in China. Pelloux forms a new government, the most decisively conservative since 1876, without Canevaro.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311454884#May", "title": "1899 in Italy", "revid": 1311454884, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1906, "year_label": "1906 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – The United Kingdom, France and Italy sign an agreement to preserve, in Ethiopia, the integrity of the ancient empire of Abyssinia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373343237#November–December", "title": "1906", "revid": 1373343237, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 7", "text": "October 7 – Haile Selassie is crowned king (not yet emperor) of Abyssinia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372527586#October", "title": "1928", "revid": 1372527586, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1936, "year_label": "1936 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10–19 – Second Italo-Ethiopian War: Battle of Amba Aradam – Italian forces gain a decisive tactical victory, effectively neutralizing the army of the Ethiopian Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373216494#January–February", "title": "1936", "revid": 1373216494, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – The United Nations cedes Eritrea to Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#September–October", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – 1960 Ethiopian coup attempt: While Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia visits Brazil, his Kebur Zabagna (Imperial Bodyguard) leads a military coup against his rule, proclaiming that the emperor's son, Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen Taffari, is the new emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#December", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › December"}}]}