{"slug": "english-people", "label": "English people", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_people", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42406", "qid": "Q42406", "description": "citizens or residents of England", "entries": 26, "years": 25, "span": [1307, 1891], "span_label": ["1307 CE", "1891 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 9}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "grand-principality-of-moscow", "label": "Grand Principality of Moscow", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "moscow", "label": "Moscow", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "scottish-people", "label": "Scottish people", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ivan-the-terrible", "label": "Ivan the Terrible", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "safavid-dynasty", "label": "Safavid dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "qazvin", "label": "Qazvin", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "april", "label": "April", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cape-horn", "label": "Cape Horn", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jesuits", "label": "Jesuits", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "protestantism", "label": "Protestantism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "james-vi-and-i", "label": "James VI and I", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1307, "year_label": "1307 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Donnchad Muimnech Ó Cellaigh, Lord of Uí Maine, killed most of the English of Roscommon at Ahascragh, in response to the burning of the town by Edmund Butler.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332015926#Events", "title": "1307 in Ireland", "revid": 1332015926, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1337, "year_label": "1337 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 16", "text": "March 16 – Edward the Black Prince establishes the Duchy of Cornwall, becoming the first English Duke.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359629159#January–December", "title": "1337", "revid": 1359629159, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1399, "year_label": "1399 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1366)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362188981#Deaths", "title": "1399", "revid": 1362188981, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1561, "year_label": "1561 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 20", "text": "August 20 – English merchant Anthony Jenkinson arrives in Moscow on his second expedition to the Grand Duchy of Moscow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358043209#July–September", "title": "1561", "revid": 1358043209, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1562, "year_label": "1562 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – English merchant Anthony Jenkinson has an audience with Ivan the Terrible in Moscow, before departing the city on April 27 and continuing his second expedition through the Grand Duchy of Moscow to Qazvin, capital of the Safavid dynasty in Persia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000458#January–March", "title": "1562", "revid": 1362000458, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1564, "year_label": "1564 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 28", "text": "September 28 – English merchant Anthony Jenkinson returns to London from his second expedition to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, having gained a considerable extension of trading rights for the English Muscovy Company.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363117508#July–September", "title": "1564", "revid": 1363117508, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1580, "year_label": "1580 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March", "text": "March – Siege of Carrigafoyle Castle: English troops under Sir William Pelham take the castle from Irish and Spanish supporters of the Second Desmond Rebellion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346627125#Events", "title": "1580 in Ireland", "revid": 1346627125, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1580, "year_label": "1580 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 25", "text": "25 August – Battle of Glenmalure in the Second Desmond Rebellion: An Irish Catholic force made up of the Gaelic clans led by Fiach McHugh O'Byrne and James Eustace, Viscount Baltinglass of the Pale, defeat the English Army under the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Lord Grey, at the O'Byrne's mountain stronghold of Glenmalure. Francis Cosby is among the English dead.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346627125#Events", "title": "1580 in Ireland", "revid": 1346627125, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1581, "year_label": "1581 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Nicholas Sanders, English Catholic priest and an exiled leader of the Second Desmond Rebellion (b. c.1530).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332382852#Deaths", "title": "1581 in Ireland", "revid": 1332382852, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1584, "year_label": "1584 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – Walter Raleigh sends Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe to explore the Outer Banks of Virginia (modern-day North Carolina), with a view to establishing an English colony; they locate Roanoke Island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561067#April–June", "title": "1584", "revid": 1369561067, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1591, "year_label": "1591 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 – English merchant James Lancaster sets off on a voyage to the East Indies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358075583#April–June", "title": "1591", "revid": 1358075583, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1593, "year_label": "1593 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 14", "text": "14 June – English explorer John Davis in the Desire makes landfall at Berehaven at the conclusion of the second Cavendish expedition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247428377#Events", "title": "1593 in Ireland", "revid": 1247428377, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1609, "year_label": "1609 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Protestant English and Presbyterian Scots settlers are imported directly by undertakers with the sanction of King James VI and I taking over forfeited estates of rebel leaders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247388411#Events", "title": "1609 in Ireland", "revid": 1247388411, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1617, "year_label": "1617 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 10", "text": "November 10 – Barnabe Rich, English soldier and writer (b. c.1540)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303778913#Deaths", "title": "1617 in Ireland", "revid": 1303778913, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1620, "year_label": "1620 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "County Longford is planted by English and Scottish landowners, with much of the O'Farrell lands being confiscated and granted to new owners.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1255078936#Events", "title": "1620 in Ireland", "revid": 1255078936, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – the Norton Baronetcy, of Charlton in the County of Berkshire, is created in the Baronetage of Ireland in favour of English politician Gregory Norton.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247388049#Events", "title": "1624 in Ireland", "revid": 1247388049, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1675, "year_label": "1675 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April", "text": "April – English merchant Anthony de la Roché, blown off course after rounding Cape Horn eastabout, makes the first discovery of land south of the Antarctic Convergence, landing on South Georgia and (probably) Gough Island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992546#April–June", "title": "1675", "revid": 1365992546, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1686, "year_label": "1686 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "English historian and naturalist Robert Plot publishes The Natural History of Staffordshire, a collection of illustrations and texts detailing the history of the county. It is the first document known to mention crop circles and a double sunset.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368502958#Date_unknown", "title": "1686", "revid": 1368502958, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1695, "year_label": "1695 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – English pirate Henry Every perpetrates one of the most profitable raids in history, with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship Ganj-i-Sawai. In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to put an end to all English trading in India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368691153#July–September", "title": "1695", "revid": 1368691153, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1728, "year_label": "1728 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "English astronomer James Bradley uses stellar aberration (first observed in 1725) to calculate the speed of light, and observes nutation of the Earth's axis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363462071#Date_unknown", "title": "1728", "revid": 1363462071, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1732, "year_label": "1732 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – English Captain Charles Gough rediscovers Gough Island in the South Atlantic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369314491#January–March", "title": "1732", "revid": 1369314491, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1812, "year_label": "1812 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 1", "text": "1 October – English balloonist James Sadler starts a balloon flight from Belvedere House near Mullingar in an attempt to cross the Irish Sea. He fails and almost drowns as a result.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247385073#Events", "title": "1812 in Ireland", "revid": 1247385073, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 14", "text": "July 14 – First ascent of the Matterhorn: The summit of the Matterhorn in the Alps is reached for the first time, by a party of 7 led by the Englishman Edward Whymper; 4 die in a fall during the descent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#July", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "August 18", "text": "18 August - The element later named as helium is first detected in the spectrum of the Sun's chromosphere by astronomer Jules Janssen during a total eclipse in Guntur, India, but assumed to be sodium (on 20 October English astronomer Norman Lockyer identifies it).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332306514#Events", "title": "1868 in France", "revid": 1332306514, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1884, "year_label": "1884 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 18", "text": "18 February – English Jesuit poet Gerard Manley Hopkins takes up a post as professor of Greek and Latin at University College Dublin on St Stephen's Green, where he will remain until his death in 1889 and write his \"terrible sonnets\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370839845#Arts_and_literature", "title": "1884 in Ireland", "revid": 1370839845, "section": "Arts and literature"}}, {"year": 1891, "year_label": "1891 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – Census in the United Kingdom: 15.6 million people live in cities of 20,000 or more in England and Wales, and cities of 20,000 or more account for 54% of the total English population.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369994059#April", "title": "1891", "revid": 1369994059, "section": "Events › April"}}]}