{"slug": "empire-of-nicaea", "label": "Empire of Nicaea", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181254", "qid": "Q181254", "description": "successor state of the Byzantine Empire when the crusaders conquered Constantinople at Fourth Crusade of 1204", "entries": 17, "years": 15, "span": [1175, 1261], "span_label": ["1175 CE", "1261 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Births", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Empire of Nicea"], "related": [{"slug": "theodore-i-laskaris", "label": "Theodore I Laskaris", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "john-iii-doukas-vatatzes", "label": "John III Doukas Vatatzes", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "nicaea", "label": "Nicaea", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "despotate-of-epirus", "label": "Despotate of Epirus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "november", "label": "November", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "latin-empire", "label": "Latin Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "empire-of-trebizond", "label": "Empire of Trebizond", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "baldwin-i-latin-emperor", "label": "Baldwin I, Latin Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "frederick-ii-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-honorius-iii", "label": "Pope Honorius III", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1175, "year_label": "1175 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Theodore I, emperor of Nicaea (d. 1221)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172106#Births", "title": "1175", "revid": 1362172106, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1193, "year_label": "1193 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "John III (Doukas Vatatzes), emperor of Nicaea (d. 1254)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367180478#Births", "title": "1193", "revid": 1367180478, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1204, "year_label": "1204 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Theodore I Laskaris flees to Nicaea after the capture of Constantinople, and establishes the Empire of Nicaea; Byzantine successor states are also established in Epirus and Trebizond.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361051821#Events", "title": "1204", "revid": 1361051821, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1205, "year_label": "1205 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Theodore I Laskaris is proclaimed Byzantine emperor (or basileus), formally founding the Empire of Nicaea, after repelling the invasions of rivals David Komnenos and Manuel Maurozomes into his domains. His appointment is an open challenge to the legitimacy of the Latin emperor Baldwin I, who rules over large parts of the former Byzantine Empire and regards Theodore as a usurper.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624697#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1205", "revid": 1357624697, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1221, "year_label": "1221 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November", "text": "November – Emperor Theodore I Laskaris dies after a 16-year reign and is succeeded by his son-in-law John III Doukas Vatatzes. John fends off Theodore's brothers, who believe that they have the better claim for the throne of the Empire of Nicaea. In December, he becomes the sole ruler, and during his reign, the Empire becomes the most powerful of the Byzantine successor states and the frontrunner in the race to recover Constantinople from the Latin Empire. John also cultivates a close relationship with Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, and negotiates with Pope Honorius III about the possibility of reuniting the Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363300593#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1221", "revid": 1363300593, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1221, "year_label": "1221 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November", "text": "November – Theodore I Laskaris, emperor of Nicaea (b. 1175)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363300593#Deaths", "title": "1221", "revid": 1363300593, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1223, "year_label": "1223 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Germanus II takes office as Patriarch of Constantinople, leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church, after moving the patriarchate's capital 56 mi from Constantinople (now Istanbul) to Nicaea (now Iznik in Turkey), as the guest of John III Doukas Vatatzes, Emperor of Nicaea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336497375#January–March", "title": "1223", "revid": 1336497375, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1224, "year_label": "1224 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Elena of Bulgaria, empress of Nicaea (d. 1258)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561506#Births", "title": "1224", "revid": 1369561506, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1230, "year_label": "1230 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Anna of Hohenstaufen, empress of Nicaea (d. 1307)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333053721#Births", "title": "1230", "revid": 1333053721, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1246, "year_label": "1246 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November", "text": "November – Michael II Asen, ruler (tsar) of the Bulgarian Empire, succeeds his brother Kaliman I (possibly poisoned). He confirms the reconquest of Bulgarian territories against John III (Doukas Vatatzes), Byzantine ruler of the Empire of Nicaea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356775338#Europe", "title": "1246", "revid": 1356775338, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1250, "year_label": "1250 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – John IV Doukas Laskaris, emperor of Nicaea (d. 1305)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360895476#Births", "title": "1250", "revid": 1360895476, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1255, "year_label": "1255 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Theodore II Laskaris, who is in exile in the Empire of Nicaea, conducts a military campaign to recover Thrace from the Bulgarians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315790496#Europe", "title": "1255", "revid": 1315790496, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1257, "year_label": "1257 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Epirote–Nicaean conflict (1257–59) begins between the Despotate of Epirus and the Empire of Nicaea. Despot Michael II Komnenos Doukas revolts and defeats the Nicaean army under George Akropolites. The Epirote and Serbian forces join their attacks against Michael, who sends his forces into Macedonia and marches on to Thessalonica. In response, Michael is attacked – on the west coast of Epirus – by Manfred of Sicily. Manfred first occupies the major Ionian Islands, including Corfu. Then he lands on the Albanian coast and takes Durazzo, Berat, Valona and their environs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350011805#Europe", "title": "1257", "revid": 1350011805, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1258, "year_label": "1258 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – Theodore II Laskaris dies after a 4-year reign at Magnesia. He is succeeded by his 7-year-old son, John IV, as ruler of the Empire of Nicaea. His regent becomes the bureaucrat George Mouzalon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318120479#Europe", "title": "1258", "revid": 1318120479, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1258, "year_label": "1258 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 18", "text": "August 18 – Theodore II Laskaris, emperor of Nicaea", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318120479#Deaths", "title": "1258", "revid": 1318120479, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1259, "year_label": "1259 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September", "text": "September – Epirote–Nicaean conflict, Battle of Pelagonia: The Empire of Nicaea defeats the Principality of Achaea, ensuring the eventual reconquest of Constantinople in 1261.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362482647#Europe", "title": "1259", "revid": 1362482647, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1261, "year_label": "1261 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – Treaty of Nymphaeum: Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos signs a trade and defense agreement with the Republic of Genoa, to counterweight the Venetian presence in the region. Genoa agrees to ally with the Empire of Nicaea, by providing a fleet of up to 50 galleys during the projected Nicaean siege of Constantinople, while 16 galleys are to be immediately sent against the Latin Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350011180#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1261", "revid": 1350011180, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}]}