{"slug": "electoral-palatinate", "label": "Electoral Palatinate", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_Palatinate", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22880", "qid": "Q22880", "description": "state of the Holy Roman Empire (1085–1803)", "entries": 15, "years": 12, "span": [1140, 1744], "span_label": ["1140 CE", "1744 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Electorate of the Palatinate"], "related": [{"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "louis-xiv", "label": "Louis XIV", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "heidelberg", "label": "Heidelberg", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "thirty-years-war", "label": "Thirty Years' War", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "netherlands", "label": "Netherlands", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bavaria", "label": "Bavaria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "saxony", "label": "Saxony", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "grand-alliance-league-of-augsburg", "label": "Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "catholic-league-german", "label": "Catholic League (German)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "johann-tserclaes-count-of-tilly", "label": "Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1140, "year_label": "1140 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King Conrad III enfeoffs Henry II (\"Jasomirgott\"), a member of the House of Babenberg, with the County Palatine of the Rhine (belonging to the Holy Roman Empire).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307539#Europe", "title": "1140", "revid": 1367307539, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1473, "year_label": "1473 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – The original University of Trier is founded in the Electorate of the Paletine in what is now Germany, 18 years after the Pope had granted the Archbishop of Trier, Jakob von Sierck, the papal dispensation to create a university. After 365 years, the university is closed in 1798, but re-established 172 years later in 1970.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813739#January–March", "title": "1473", "revid": 1361813739, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1488, "year_label": "1488 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – The Swabian League is re-established at a ceremony in Esslingen am Neckar as a military alliance of the Electorate of the Palatinate, the Duchy of Bavaria, monarchies and archbishoprics in Bayreuth, Hesse, Ansbach, Baden, Tyrol, Württemberg, Mainz and Trier, as well as 22 other \"free cities\" in the Holy Roman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368209981#January–March", "title": "1488", "revid": 1368209981, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1518, "year_label": "1518 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 26", "text": "April 26 – Martin Luther makes the first public defense of his views at a gathering of the Roman Catholic order of Augustinians, at what becomes known as the Heidelberg Disputation at a lecture hall at Heidelberg in the Electoral Palatinate in Germany. While there, he is challenged to a theological debate by Johann Eck, the German leader of the anti-Reformation movement.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000593#April–June", "title": "1518", "revid": 1362000593, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1610, "year_label": "1610 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 19", "text": "September 19 – Frederick V, age 14, becomes the new Prince-Elector of the Rhineland Palatinate, two days after the death of his father, Frederick IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361322431#July–September", "title": "1610", "revid": 1361322431, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1610, "year_label": "1610 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – The War of the Jülich Succession ends as the Protestant Union (including Margraviate of Brandenburg Brandenburg and Electoral Palatinate) and the Catholic League (led by the Duchy of Bavaria) agree to withdraw their forces from Germany and to disband them by year's end.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361322431#October–December", "title": "1610", "revid": 1361322431, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1622, "year_label": "1622 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 19", "text": "September 19 – Thirty Years' War: Heidelberg, the capital of the Electorate of the Palatinate, is taken by the Imperial army of Tilly' after a three-month siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366857889#July–September", "title": "1622", "revid": 1366857889, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1623, "year_label": "1623 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – Thirty Years' War: Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria becomes Elector of the Electorate of the Palatinate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655899#January–March", "title": "1623", "revid": 1366655899, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1623, "year_label": "1623 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – Thirty Years' War: Pursued by the army of the Catholic League (German) led by Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, the army of the Protestant Electoral Palatinate led by Christian the Younger of Brunswick attempts to flee to the Dutch Republic. Tilly's army catches Brunswick five miles from the border. In the resulting Battle of Stadtlohn, Christian's army is destroyed. This brings the Palatinate campaign to an end.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655899#July–September", "title": "1623", "revid": 1366655899, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1671, "year_label": "1671 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 20", "text": "20 September – Princess Wilhelmine Ernestine is married to Charles, the heir of the Electorate of the Palatinate at Sophie Amalienborg in Copenhagen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338725660#Events", "title": "1671 in Denmark", "revid": 1338725660, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1686, "year_label": "1686 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July", "text": "July – The League of Augsburg was founded in response to claims made by Louis XIV on the Electorate of the Palatinate in western Germany. It comprises the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, Sweden, Spain and the electors of Bavaria, Saxony and the Electorate of the Palatinate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737621#Events", "title": "1686 in France", "revid": 1353737621, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1686, "year_label": "1686 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 9", "text": "July 9 – The Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg) is founded, in response to claims made by Louis XIV of France on the Electorate of the Palatinate in western Germany. It comprises the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, Sweden, Spain, the electors of Bavaria, Saxony and the Electorate of the Palatinate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368502958#July–September", "title": "1686", "revid": 1368502958, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1693, "year_label": "1693 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – Forces of Louis XIV of France attack Heidelberg, capital of the Electorate of the Palatinate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343170745#April–June", "title": "1693", "revid": 1343170745, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1709, "year_label": "1709 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May", "text": "May – first influx of poor refugee families of German Palatines from the Rhenish Palatinate, mostly Protestants en route to the New World colonies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331109158#Events", "title": "1709 in Great Britain", "revid": 1331109158, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1744, "year_label": "1744 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – The Union of Germany is proclaimed in Frankfurt Frederick II of Prussia, as articles of union are signed between Prussia, Hesse-Kassel and the Rhineland Palatinate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370823870#April–June", "title": "1744", "revid": 1370823870, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}