{"slug": "edward-iii", "label": "Edward III", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129247", "qid": "Q129247", "description": "King of England from 1327 to 1377", "entries": 67, "years": 42, "span": [1312, 1402], "span_label": ["1312 CE", "1402 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 17}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 13}, {"title": "Births", "count": 8}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 8}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 8}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Edward III of England"], "related": [{"slug": "edward-the-black-prince", "label": "Edward the Black Prince", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "richard-ii-of-england", "label": "Richard II of England", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "philippa-of-hainault", "label": "Philippa of Hainault", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "hundred-years-war", "label": "Hundred Years' War", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "john-of-gaunt", "label": "John of Gaunt", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "westminster", "label": "Westminster", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "philip-vi-of-france", "label": "Philip VI of France", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "dublin", "label": "Dublin", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "october", "label": "October", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-france", "label": "Kingdom of France", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1312, "year_label": "1312 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – Four years after the marriage of King Edward II of England and Queen consort Isabella, an heir to the throne is born at Windsor Castle, and will be christened four days later. Prince Edward. Upon the death of Edward II in 1327, his son will be crowned King Edward III at the age of 14.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362487312#October_–_December", "title": "1312", "revid": 1362487312, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1312, "year_label": "1312 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – Edward III, king of England and Ireland (d. 1377)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362487312#Births", "title": "1312", "revid": 1362487312, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1314, "year_label": "1314 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – Philippa of Hainault, queen consort of Edward III (d. 1369)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373434387#Births", "title": "1314", "revid": 1373434387, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1325, "year_label": "1325 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 12", "text": "September 12 – Edward II is persuaded not to go to France by Hugh Despenser the Elder, his chief adviser. He decides to send his 12-year-old son, Prince Edward of Windsor, to go to Paris and to pay homage instead. Before the young Edward departs, he is bestowed with the title of Count of Ponthieu. Charles IV gives his consent for him to receive the English Aquitaine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366485647#July_–_September", "title": "1325", "revid": 1366485647, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1325, "year_label": "1325 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 24", "text": "September 24 – Edward, Prince of Wales pays homage to King Charles IV of France on behalf of his father, King Edward II of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366485647#July_–_September", "title": "1325", "revid": 1366485647, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1326, "year_label": "1326 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 27", "text": "August 27 – Queen Isabella of France draws up a marriage contract between the 13-year-old Prince Edward of England (the future Edward III) and Philippa of Hainault, guaranteeing that the wedding will take place within two years (which it does).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367237136#July_–_September", "title": "1326", "revid": 1367237136, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1327, "year_label": "1327 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 25", "text": "January 25 – The 14-year-old Crown Prince, Edward, is proclaimed King of England in London, with his mother Isabella serving as his regent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367267747#January_–_March", "title": "1327", "revid": 1367267747, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1327, "year_label": "1327 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 – The coronation of King Edward III as ruler of England takes place at Westminster Abbey with the approval of the English Parliament. Walter Reynolds, Archbishop of Canterbury, places the crown upon the new King.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367267747#January_–_March", "title": "1327", "revid": 1367267747, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1328, "year_label": "1328 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 24", "text": "January 24 – Philippa of Hainault marries King Edward III of England a year after his coronation. The marriage produces ten children, the eldest of whom is Edward the Black Prince.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344099935#Events", "title": "1328", "revid": 1344099935, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1329, "year_label": "1329 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 6", "text": "June 6 – Edward III of England pays homage to Philip VI of France for Aquitaine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344101347#January–December", "title": "1329", "revid": 1344101347, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1330, "year_label": "1330 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – Edward the Black Prince, son of Edward III of England (d. 1376)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350440644#Births", "title": "1330", "revid": 1350440644, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1330, "year_label": "1330 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 19", "text": "October 19 – King Edward III of England starts his personal reign, arresting his regent Roger Mortimer, and having him executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350440644#January–December", "title": "1330", "revid": 1350440644, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1332, "year_label": "1332 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16 – Isabella de Coucy, English princess, daughter of King Edward III of England (d. 1379 or 1382)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1272872485#Births", "title": "1332", "revid": 1272872485, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1332, "year_label": "1332 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 4", "text": "4 August Justicer de Lucy ordered to stay execution against magnates imprisoned for felonies; Roger Outlaw commissioned to treat with English and Irish at war with Edward III", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323561565#Events", "title": "1332 in Ireland", "revid": 1323561565, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1332, "year_label": "1332 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 15", "text": "15 September Edward III's expedition to Ireland abandoned", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323561565#Events", "title": "1332 in Ireland", "revid": 1323561565, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1333, "year_label": "1333 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – King Edward III of England seizes the Isle of Man from Scottish control.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351084838#January–December", "title": "1333", "revid": 1351084838, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1335, "year_label": "1335 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Parliament (or council): subsidy granted for Edward III's Scottish war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323561340#Events", "title": "1335 in Ireland", "revid": 1323561340, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1337, "year_label": "1337 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 3", "text": "3 March – Ordinance by King Edward III of England and council in parliament at Westminster that landholders in Ireland should pay subsidy for defence of their marches", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370789441#Events", "title": "1337 in Ireland", "revid": 1370789441, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1337, "year_label": "1337 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August", "text": "August – Second War of Scottish Independence: English forces relieve Stirling Castle, ending Edward III of England's last campaign in Scotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359629159#January–December", "title": "1337", "revid": 1359629159, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1337, "year_label": "1337 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October", "text": "October – Hundred Years' War: Edward III of England formally rejects Philip VI's claim to the French throne, initiating hostilities between France and England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359629159#January–December", "title": "1337", "revid": 1359629159, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1338, "year_label": "1338 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Hundred Years' War: Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor appoints Edward III of England as a vicar-general of the Holy Roman Empire. Louis supports Edward's claim to the French throne, under the terms of the Treaty of Koblenz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360556849#Date_unknown", "title": "1338", "revid": 1360556849, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1339, "year_label": "1339 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 26", "text": "26 September - English King Edward III laid siege to Cambrai as part of his effort to take the throne of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331871540#Events", "title": "1339 in France", "revid": 1331871540, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1339, "year_label": "1339 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 8", "text": "8 October - Edward abandoned the siege after learning that French King Philip VI was arriving with an reinforcement army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331871540#Events", "title": "1339 in France", "revid": 1331871540, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1340, "year_label": "1340 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 26", "text": "January 26 – King Edward III of England declares himself King of France at Ghent, Flanders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319621241#Events", "title": "1340", "revid": 1319621241, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1340, "year_label": "1340 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – Hundred Years' War: Battle of Sluys – The English fleet, under the command of Edward III of England, battles the French fleet, under that of Admiral Hugues Quiéret and treasurer Nicolas Béhuchet, assisted by Genoese mercenary galleys under Egidio Bocanegra, on the Low Countries coast. The French fleet is virtually destroyed, and both of its commanders are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319621241#Events", "title": "1340", "revid": 1319621241, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1341, "year_label": "1341 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, son of King Edward III of England (d. 1402)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561422#Births", "title": "1341", "revid": 1369561422, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1341, "year_label": "1341 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October", "text": "October – parliament at Dublin is adjourned to Kilkenny (held in November). Petitions critical of administration are sent to Edward III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323560963#Events", "title": "1341 in Ireland", "revid": 1323560963, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1342, "year_label": "1342 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Soldiers from Ireland are sent to campaign for Edward III in Brittany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323560875#Events", "title": "1342 in Ireland", "revid": 1323560875, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1344, "year_label": "1344 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "King Edward III of England introduces three new gold coins, the florin, leopard, and helm. Unfortunately, the amount of gold in the coins does not match their value of 6 shillings, 3 shillings, and 1 shilling and sixpence, so they have to be withdrawn and mostly melted down, by August of this year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292555127#Date_unknown", "title": "1344", "revid": 1292555127, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1344, "year_label": "1344 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "October 10", "text": "October 10 – Mary Plantagenet, duchess consort of Brittany, daughter of King Edward III of England (d. 1362)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292555127#Births", "title": "1344", "revid": 1292555127, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1345, "year_label": "1345 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – Edward III of England offers \"defiance\" of Philip VI of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366119534#Events", "title": "1345", "revid": 1366119534, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1346, "year_label": "1346 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – The leaders of Ghent, Bruges and Ypres agree to support Edward III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350441074#Events", "title": "1346", "revid": 1350441074, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1346, "year_label": "1346 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July", "text": "July – Edward III orders the closing of English ports to stop information from reaching France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350441074#Events", "title": "1346", "revid": 1350441074, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1346, "year_label": "1346 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11–12 – Edward III and the English army cross the English Channel and begin an invasion of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350441074#Events", "title": "1346", "revid": 1350441074, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1348, "year_label": "1348 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – Edward III of England creates the first English order of chivalry, the Most Noble Order of the Garter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320392432#January–December", "title": "1348", "revid": 1320392432, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1349, "year_label": "1349 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "In the dispute over the Primacy of Ireland, Richard FitzRalph, Archbishop of Armagh, acting on letters of King Edward III of England specifically allowing him to do so, enters Dublin \"with the cross erect before him\". He is opposed by the prior of Kilmainham on the instructions of Alexander de Bicknor, Archbishop of Dublin, and forced to withdraw to Drogheda.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370789467#Events", "title": "1349 in Ireland", "revid": 1370789467, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1350, "year_label": "1350 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Yorkshireman John de St Paul, Archbishop of Dublin, is appointed as Lord Chancellor of Ireland by King Edward III of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370789548#Events", "title": "1350 in Ireland", "revid": 1370789548, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1350, "year_label": "1350 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – Battle of Winchelsea (Les Espagnols sur Mer) off the south coast of England: An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Castilian fleet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358971362#January–December", "title": "1350", "revid": 1358971362, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1351, "year_label": "1351 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – Edward III of England institutes the Treason Act 1351, defining treason in English law. It remains unrepealed into the 21st century.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275601006#January–December", "title": "1351", "revid": 1275601006, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1355, "year_label": "1355 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, son of King Edward III of England (d. 1397)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357199170#Births", "title": "1355", "revid": 1357199170, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1356, "year_label": "1356 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "ca. February – Burnt Candlemas: Edward III of England burns down every town and village in Lothian, Scotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350441440#January–December", "title": "1356", "revid": 1350441440, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1356, "year_label": "1356 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – Edward Balliol surrenders his title as King of Scotland, to Edward III of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350441440#January–December", "title": "1356", "revid": 1350441440, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1358, "year_label": "1358 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "On the petition of the Irish clergy, King Edward III established a chair of theology in the Medieval University of Dublin", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367735106#Events", "title": "1358 in Ireland", "revid": 1367735106, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1360, "year_label": "1360 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – The Treaty of Brétigny is ratified at Calais, marking the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War. Under its terms, Edward III of England gives up his claim to the French throne, and releases King John II of France in return for French land, including Calais and Gascony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292555105#January–December", "title": "1360", "revid": 1292555105, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1362, "year_label": "1362 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 13", "text": "October 13 – The Chancellor of England for the first time opens Parliament with a speech in English. Under Edward III, the Pleading in English Act makes English rather than Law French the official language in English law courts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360556919#January–December", "title": "1362", "revid": 1360556919, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1362, "year_label": "1362 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November", "text": "November – Lionel of Antwerp, son of King Edward III of England, is created Duke of Clarence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360556919#January–December", "title": "1362", "revid": 1360556919, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1364, "year_label": "1364 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Lyonel, Duke of Clarence, sent by his father, King Edward III as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland to subdue the Irish. He was also the Earl of Ulster and Lord of Connaught, through marriage to his wife, Elizabeth, the only child of the Brown Earl of Ulster. This was his 2nd of 3 attempts. In a few years, as a result of these fruitless shows of force, he had Parliament issue the Statute of Kilkenny.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367037588#Events", "title": "1364 in Ireland", "revid": 1367037588, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1368, "year_label": "1368 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – King Edward III of England summons the English Parliament to meet at Westminster on May 1.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371792677#January–March", "title": "1368", "revid": 1371792677, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1368, "year_label": "1368 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 7", "text": "October 7 – Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, son of Edward III of England (b. 1338)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371792677#Deaths", "title": "1368", "revid": 1371792677, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1369, "year_label": "1369 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 3", "text": "June 3 – At the opening of the English Parliament at Westminster, King Edward III of England proclaims himself to the rightful heir to the throne of France after the Hundred Years' War is resumed by France's King Charles V.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371621472#April–June", "title": "1369", "revid": 1371621472, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1369, "year_label": "1369 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Philippa of Hainault, wife of King Edward III, dies after 39 years as Queen consort of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371621472#July–September", "title": "1369", "revid": 1371621472, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1369, "year_label": "1369 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Philippa of Hainault, queen of Edward III of England (b. 1311) (dropsy)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371621472#Deaths", "title": "1369", "revid": 1371621472, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1371, "year_label": "1371 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – John of Gaunt, son of King Edward III of England, marries Constance of Castile, daughter of King Pedro of Castile, giving John a claim to the throne of Castile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370413855#July–September", "title": "1371", "revid": 1370413855, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1372, "year_label": "1372 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 29", "text": "January 29 – John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and the third son of England's King Edward III, begins a claim to the throne of Spain's Crown of Castile after his September 21 marriage to Princess Constance of Castile. King Pedro of Castile, who was killed by his brother, who took control as King Enrique II, in 1369.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370079239#January–March", "title": "1372", "revid": 1370079239, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1374, "year_label": "1374 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – On Saint George's Day, in recognition of services, King Edward III of England grants the English writer Geoffrey Chaucer a gallon of wine a day, for the rest of his life.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369753981#April–June", "title": "1374", "revid": 1369753981, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1374, "year_label": "1374 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – Edward the Black Prince, eldest son and heir apparent to England's King Edward III, presides over a council of bishops and nobles at Westminster on Whitsunday to review a demand by Pope Gregory XI for a subsidy from England to help the Papal States in the war against the Republic of Florence. In his letter, the Pope asserts his right as Lord Spiritual and refers to himself as \"Lord of all\". The English nobles conclude, and the bishops agree, that the Kingdom of England will not be subject to the Pope's authority.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369753981#April–June", "title": "1374", "revid": 1369753981, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1375, "year_label": "1375 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 28", "text": "December 28 – King Edward III summons the English Parliament to assemble at Westminster on April 28, 1376.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370334386#October–December", "title": "1375", "revid": 1370334386, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1376, "year_label": "1376 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 7", "text": "June 7 – The day before his death, Prince Edward of Wales, heir to the English throne and known as \"The Black Prince\" summons his father, King Edward III, and brother, John of Gaunt, and makes them swear to uphold the claim to the throne of his son Richard. Edward is the first \"English\" Prince of Wales (as opposed to Welsh) not to become King of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371264713#April–June", "title": "1376", "revid": 1371264713, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1376, "year_label": "1376 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – Edward the Black Prince, son of King Edward III of England (b. 1330)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371264713#Deaths", "title": "1376", "revid": 1371264713, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1377, "year_label": "1377 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – King Edward III of England formally confers knighthood upon two of his grandsons, both aged 10, Prince Richard of Woodstock (son of King Edward's deceased son Edward the Black Prince), and upon Henry Bolingbroke (son of John of Gaunt), as well as his 13-year-old illegitimate son John de Southeray, and 11-year-old John de Mowbray. Two months later, Prince Richard will become King Richard II upon Edward's death, and in 1399, Bolingbroke will overthrow Richard and becomes King Henry IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368383535#April–June", "title": "1377", "revid": 1368383535, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1377, "year_label": "1377 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 21", "text": "June 21 – After a reign of more than 50 years, King Edward III of England dies at Sheen Palace in Richmond at the age of 64. His 10-year-old grandson, Prince Richard of Woodstock, succeeds to the throne as King Richard II. Richard is the son of King Edward's oldest son, Edward the Black Prince, who had died a year earlier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368383535#April–June", "title": "1377", "revid": 1368383535, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1377, "year_label": "1377 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 21", "text": "June 21 – King Edward III of England (b. 1312)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368383535#Deaths", "title": "1377", "revid": 1368383535, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1377, "year_label": "1377 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – Richard II, the 10-year-old grandson of Edward III, is crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey. A minority government is established, and a series of continual councils rule on his behalf until 1381.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368383535#July–September", "title": "1377", "revid": 1368383535, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1378, "year_label": "1378 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – King Richard II opens the Irish Parliament for the first time since the death of his father, King Edward III, a year earlier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366019926#January–March", "title": "1378", "revid": 1366019926, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1383, "year_label": "1383 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 - Anne of Gloucester, English countess, granddaughter of King Edward III of England (d. 1438)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360411139#Births", "title": "1383", "revid": 1360411139, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1397, "year_label": "1397 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, son of King Edward III of England (b. 1355)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363907908#Deaths", "title": "1397", "revid": 1363907908, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1402, "year_label": "1402 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, English nobleman, last surviving son of King Edward III (b. 1341)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371594109#Deaths", "title": "1402", "revid": 1371594109, "section": "Deaths"}}]}