{"slug": "edward-i", "label": "Edward I", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57798", "qid": "Q57798", "description": "King of England from 1272 to 1307", "entries": 61, "years": 45, "span": [1239, 1774], "span_label": ["1239 CE", "1774 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 18}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 13}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 9}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 8}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Births", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Edward I of England"], "related": [{"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "henry-iii-of-england", "label": "Henry III of England", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "edward-ii", "label": "Edward II", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-scotland", "label": "Kingdom of Scotland", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "wales", "label": "Wales", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "philip-iv-of-france", "label": "Philip IV of France", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "france-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "France in the Middle Ages", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "llywelyn-ap-gruffudd", "label": "Llywelyn ap Gruffudd", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "duchy-of-gascony", "label": "Duchy of Gascony", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "simon-de-montfort-6th-earl-of-leicester", "label": "Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "john-balliol", "label": "John Balliol", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "palace-of-westminster", "label": "Palace of Westminster", "shared": 3}], "items": [{"year": 1239, "year_label": "1239 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 or June 18 – Edward I (\"Longshanks\"), first son of King Henry III of England and Queen Eleanor of Provence, is born at the Palace of Westminster. Henry names him after Edward the Confessor and chooses Simon de Montfort as his godfather.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650554#England", "title": "1239", "revid": 1368650554, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1239, "year_label": "1239 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 or June 18 – Edward I (\"Longshanks\"), king of England (d. 1307)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650554#Births", "title": "1239", "revid": 1368650554, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1241, "year_label": "1241 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Eleanor of Castile, queen of Edward I of England (d. 1290)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362486166#Births", "title": "1241", "revid": 1362486166, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1246, "year_label": "1246 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Beaulieu Abbey in England, founded earlier by King John, is dedicated in the presence of King Henry III, Queen Eleanor and 7-year-old Prince Edward.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356775338#Religion", "title": "1246", "revid": 1356775338, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1254, "year_label": "1254 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Henry III of England grants his eldest son the Lord Edward areas of land including crown lands in Wales, Ireland, the Channel Islands and Gascony. He is also given the cities of Bristol, Stamford and Grantham. The reason for these concessions is to give Edward experience of governing lands of his own before becoming a king. Edward is granted the Three Castles in Wales, Skenfrith Castle, White Castle and Grosmont Castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296887805#England", "title": "1254", "revid": 1296887805, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1256, "year_label": "1256 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd invades the northern coastal areas of Wales that agreed to English rule in 1254. The Lord Edward, who has been given the areas to govern himself by his father, King Henry III of England, asks him for support but Henry refuses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350995211#British_Isles", "title": "1256", "revid": 1350995211, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1263, "year_label": "1263 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "The Lord Edward, son and heir of Henry III of England, seizes £10,000 which had been deposited to the trust of the Knights Templar in London by foreign merchants and English magnates.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296179530#Markets", "title": "1263", "revid": 1296179530, "section": "Events › By topic › Markets"}}, {"year": 1264, "year_label": "1264 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – Battle of Lewes: English rebels led by Simon de Montfort defeat Henry III and Prince Edward (\"the Lord Edward\"), at Lewes. Henry leaves the safety of Lewes Castle and St. Pancras Priory, to engage the rebels. Edward routes part of the rebel army (some 5,000 men) with a cavalry charge, but during the battle de Montfort's forces capture both Henry and Edward, making Simon the \"uncrowned king of England\" for 15 months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334426011#British_Isles", "title": "1264", "revid": 1334426011, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1265, "year_label": "1265 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – Future King Edward I of England escapes the captivity of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267064844#Europe", "title": "1265", "revid": 1267064844, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1269, "year_label": "1269 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Prince Edward (the Lord Edward) of England obtains the right to levy a twentieth of the value of the Church's wealth to finance the Ninth Crusade. That sum turns out to be insufficient, and Edward has to borrow to reach his target.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343645386#Britain", "title": "1269", "revid": 1343645386, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1271, "year_label": "1271 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – English prince the Lord Edward and King Charles I of Anjou arrive in Acre, with a fleet of 30 galleys, starting Lord Edward's crusade (the Ninth) against Baibars. During this crusade they are unable to capture any territory and peace is quickly negotiated with the Mamluk Sultanate. Baibars consolidates his occupation in Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320596#Levant", "title": "1271", "revid": 1351320596, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1272, "year_label": "1272 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April", "text": "April – Joan of Acre, daughter of Edward I of England (d. 1307)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362176275#Births", "title": "1272", "revid": 1362176275, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1272, "year_label": "1272 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16 – The Lord Edward, heir to the English throne, prevents an assassination attempt on himself at Acre. A Syrian Nizari (or Assassin) supposedly sent by Baibars penetrates into the prince's chamber and stabs him with a poisoned dagger. The wound is not fatal, but Edward is seriously ill for some months. Baibars hastens to dissociate himself from the deed by sending his congratulations on the prince's escape.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362176275#Levant", "title": "1272", "revid": 1362176275, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1272, "year_label": "1272 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 16", "text": "November 16 – King Henry III of England dies at the Palace of Westminster after a 56-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Edward I, who slowly returns from the Holy Land via Gascony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362176275#England", "title": "1272", "revid": 1362176275, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1274, "year_label": "1274 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 2", "text": "August 2 – Edward I of England finally returns from the Holy Land to be crowned king of England on August 19 at Westminster Abbey two years after his father King Henry III's death.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356688810#England", "title": "1274", "revid": 1356688810, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1275, "year_label": "1275 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King Edward I of England (\"Longshanks\") demands a meeting with Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, prince of Wales, at Chester to pay homage, but Llywelyn refuses. In an attempt to stir up internal problems, Llywelyn seeks to marry 23-year-old Eleanor de Montfort, daughter of Simon de Montfort, but she is captured by English pirates (employed by Edward) on the journey from France to meet Llywelyn. She is held prisoner at Windsor Castle and used as a bargaining chip over the coming years in Edward's attempts to subjugate Llywelyn and Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270169#British_Isles", "title": "1275", "revid": 1365270169, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1275, "year_label": "1275 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 22", "text": "April 22 – The first Statute of Westminster, drawn up between Parliament and Edward I, defines the legal privileges that landowners are allowed. These are based on the investigations carried out in 1274 into the landowner's rights to own their land. Establishing a series of laws into 51 chapters, including equal treatment of rich and poor, free and fair elections, and definition of Bailable and non-bailable offenses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270169#British_Isles", "title": "1275", "revid": 1365270169, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1276, "year_label": "1276 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Edward I of England (\"Longshanks\") orders the people of Bayonne in Gascony (as part of the only English possessions in France) to provide Castile with warships \"to resist the Saracens by sea\", but excuses himself from personal participation against the Marinid invasion in Spain because of his wars in Wales and his plan to lead a Crusade to the Holy Land.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344445633#Europe", "title": "1276", "revid": 1344445633, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1277, "year_label": "1277 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 10", "text": "November 10 – Treaty of Aberconwy: Prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and King Edward I of England sign a peace treaty which leaves Llywelyn only with the western part of Gwynedd.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362646784#Britain", "title": "1277", "revid": 1362646784, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1278, "year_label": "1278 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – King Edward I (\"Longshanks\") raises the penalty for coin clipping from banishment to execution. All Jews are subjected to arrest and search of their homes on suspicion of coin clipping. Some 680 Jews are imprisoned in the Tower of London, with more than 300 subsequently executed. At this time, the Jewish population is believed to have been some 3,000.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334774897#England", "title": "1278", "revid": 1334774897, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1279, "year_label": "1279 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 15", "text": "November 15 – The first of the Statutes of Mortmain are passed during the reign of King Edward I (\"Longshanks\"), which prevents land from passing into the possession of the Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362487704#England", "title": "1279", "revid": 1362487704, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1282, "year_label": "1282 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March", "text": "March – Welsh forces under Prince Dafydd ap Gruffydd, brother of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, attack and take control of Hawarden Castle. The garrison is massacred and Constable Roger de Clifford is taken prisoner. Llywelyn, who has sworn fealty to King Edward I of England (\"Longshanks\"), joins Dafydd in his revolt against the English. Their actions lead to the final English conquest of Wales, by Edward.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359685493#Europe", "title": "1282", "revid": 1359685493, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1283, "year_label": "1283 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – King Edward I of England (\"Longshanks\") captures Dolwyddelan Castle in North Wales from the Welsh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347549431#British_Isles", "title": "1283", "revid": 1347549431, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1284, "year_label": "1284 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – Statute of Rhuddlan: King Edward I of England brings Wales under direct rule after the Welsh Wars (1277–1283). He appoints sheriffs and bailiffs for the northern territories while the southern areas are left under the control of the Marcher Lords. English law is introduced in criminal cases, though the Welsh are allowed to maintain their customary laws in some cases of property disputes. He arranges a Round Table (tournament) at Nefyn in Wales and promises the Welsh that he will provide them with a Prince of Wales. On April 25, his son, the future Edward II of England, is born at Caernarfon Castle in Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370723758#British_Isles", "title": "1284", "revid": 1370723758, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1285, "year_label": "1285 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The writ Circumspecte Agatis, issued by King Edward I (Longshanks), defines the jurisdictions of church and state, thereby limiting the church's judicial powers to ecclesiastical cases only.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359686470#England", "title": "1285", "revid": 1359686470, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1286, "year_label": "1286 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June", "text": "June – King Edward I (Longshanks) and Queen Eleanor of Castile travel to France. There they pay homage to Philip IV (the Fair) and attend to other matters. Edward travels around in the duchy of Gascony and orders the rebuilding of fortifications in the region (between 1286 and 1289).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363071337#England_&_Scotland", "title": "1286", "revid": 1363071337, "section": "Events › By place › England & Scotland"}}, {"year": 1287, "year_label": "1287 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – Welsh forces led by Rhys ap Maredudd revolt in Wales against King Edward I (Longshanks). Although Maredudd has assisted the English in the past, he accuses Edward of treating him unfairly over taxes. The rebels burn several towns, including Swansea and Carmarthen. They capture most of Ystrad Tywi, heartland of Deheubarth (the revolt will not be suppressed until 1288).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694581#England", "title": "1287", "revid": 1361694581, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1288, "year_label": "1288 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – Treaty of Canfranc: King Edward I signs an agreement with Alfonso III at Canfranc, about the release of Charles II, who has been captured by Admiral Roger of Lauria in the Battle of the Gulf of Naples (see 1284).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367964096#Europe", "title": "1288", "revid": 1367964096, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1289, "year_label": "1289 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Summer – King Edward I (Longshanks) proposes a marriage between his infant son, Edward of Caernarfon, and the 6-year-old Margaret (Maid of Norway).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332007955#Britain", "title": "1289", "revid": 1332007955, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1290, "year_label": "1290 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "July 18", "text": "July 18 – Edict of Expulsion: King Edward I of England (\"Longshanks\") orders all Jews (at this time probably numbering around 2,000) to leave the country by November 1 (All Saints' Day). The edict was decreed on Tisha B'Av on the Hebrew calendar, a day that commemorates many calamities. They are eventually allowed back in 1656.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343598991#Britain", "title": "1290", "revid": 1343598991, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1291, "year_label": "1291 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Several nobles unsuccessfully claim the Scottish throne (a process known as the 'Great Cause'), including John Balliol, Robert de Brus, John Hastings and William de Vesci. Fearing civil war, the Guardians of Scotland ask King Edward I of England to arbitrate. Before agreeing, he obtains concessions to revive English overlordship over the Scots.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363454369#Britain", "title": "1291", "revid": 1363454369, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1292, "year_label": "1292 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – John Balliol is selected by King Edward I of England as ruler of Scotland at Berwick from among 13 competitors for the Crown of Scotland. Edward then treats John as a puppet ruler and Scotland as a vassal state, provoking the Wars of Scottish Independence, commencing in 1296. John is crowned at Scone on November 30 (Saint Andrew's Day). Scotland's castles are returned to the powerful magnates.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358845029#Britain", "title": "1292", "revid": 1358845029, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1293, "year_label": "1293 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Isle of Wight is sold to King Edward I of England by Isabella de Forz, Countess of Devon, on her deathbed, for 6,000 marks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350578384#Europe", "title": "1293", "revid": 1350578384, "section": "Events › By area › Europe"}}, {"year": 1294, "year_label": "1294 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "John Balliol, King of Scotland, decides to refuse King Edward I of England's demands for support in a planned invasion of France, the result being the negotiation of the Auld Alliance with France and Norway in the following year. These actions play a part in precipitating the Scottish Wars of Independence, which begin in 1296.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360182245#Europe", "title": "1294", "revid": 1360182245, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 1294, "year_label": "1294 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Edward I of England and Philip the Fair of France declare war on each other. To finance this war, both kings lay taxes on the clergy. Pope Boniface VIII insists that kings gain papal consent for taxation of the clergy, and forbids churchmen to pay taxes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360182245#Europe", "title": "1294", "revid": 1360182245, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 1294, "year_label": "1294 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Strata Florida Abbey is rebuilt; it had been destroyed some years earlier, during King Edward I of England's conquest of Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360182245#Europe", "title": "1294", "revid": 1360182245, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 1295, "year_label": "1295 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – King Edward I of England (\"Longshanks\") summons the Model Parliament to Westminster, the composition of which serves as a model for later parliaments. The parliament agrees that a tax can be raised to allow him to launch campaigns against France and the rebellious Scots for the forthcoming year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368220335#Britain", "title": "1295", "revid": 1368220335, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1296, "year_label": "1296 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 30", "text": "March 30 – Capture of Berwick: King Edward I of England storms and captures Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking what is at this time a Scottish border town, with much bloodshed. He slaughters most of the residents, including those who flee to the churches.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368372269#January–December", "title": "1296", "revid": 1368372269, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1297, "year_label": "1297 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – King Edward I of England makes an appeal outside Westminster Hall for support for the war against France. He apologizes for the high tax demands he has previously levied. Edward asks the Barons (some 1,500 knights) to swear allegiance to his 12-year-old son, Prince Edward of Caernarfon. Aware of the dangers of the opposition to his power, Edward appears before a large crowd and receives total loyalty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359692211#British_Isles", "title": "1297", "revid": 1359692211, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1298, "year_label": "1298 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – First War of Scottish Independence: King Edward I of England (\"Longshanks\") marches from Newcastle upon Tyne with his household to Alnwick and then by way of Chillingham to Roxburgh in Scotland, where he joins the army in July. He proceeds to Lauderdale and encamps at Kirkliston, to the west of Edinburgh, where he remains from July 15 to July 20. The army is accompanied by a long train of supply wagons. Meanwhile, English supply ships, delayed by bad weather, bring food to Leith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363071319#British_Isles", "title": "1298", "revid": 1363071319, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1298, "year_label": "1298 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar, daughter of Edward I (b. 1269)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363071319#Deaths", "title": "1298", "revid": 1363071319, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1299, "year_label": "1299 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "King Edward I of England is recorded as borrowing from Italian merchants. He obtains a loan of 2,000 pollard marks, from agents of the Frescobaldi Firm in London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349939019#Markets", "title": "1299", "revid": 1349939019, "section": "Events › By topic › Markets"}}, {"year": 1299, "year_label": "1299 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – Edward I of England (\"Longshanks\") marries the 19-year-old Margaret of France, the half-sister of King Philip IV (\"the Fair\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349939019#British_Isles", "title": "1299", "revid": 1349939019, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1300, "year_label": "1300 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – King Edward I of England (\"Longshanks\") convenes his 47th meeting of parliament in 25 years at Westminster for a two week session. Before dissolving on March 20, the parliament approves the articuli super cartas, a 20-article amendment to the original Magna Carta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363832742#January_–_March", "title": "1300", "revid": 1363832742, "section": "January – March"}}, {"year": 1301, "year_label": "1301 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 7", "text": "February 7 – The 16-year-old Prince Edward of Caernarfon, son and heir of King Edward I (\"Edward Longshanks\"), becomes the first English Prince of Wales and is also granted the royal lands in Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694592#January–_March", "title": "1301", "revid": 1361694592, "section": "Events › January– March"}}, {"year": 1301, "year_label": "1301 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – First War of Scottish Independence: King Edward I of England launches his sixth campaign into Scotland, crossing into Berwickshire from Northumberland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694592#July–_September", "title": "1301", "revid": 1361694592, "section": "Events › July– September"}}, {"year": 1302, "year_label": "1302 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 26", "text": "January 26 – At the suggestion of France, and pursuant to the treaty signed between England and France at Asnières, King Edward I of England (\"Edward Longshanks\") and the Scottish nobles led by Robert the Bruce agree to a nine-month peace treaty at Linlithgow, to last until St. Andrew's Day, November 30, 1302.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362151248#January–March", "title": "1302", "revid": 1362151248, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1303, "year_label": "1303 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – Treaty of Paris: King Philip the Fair of France signs a peace treaty with Edward Longshanks, King of England. According to the terms of the treaty, Gascony is restored to England – as well as the cities of Bordeaux and Bayonne. In return, Edward swears allegiance to Philip as his vassal and agrees that Philipp's daughter, Isabella of France, be married to his son Edward of Caernarfon, until she is old enough.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360891664#April–June", "title": "1303", "revid": 1360891664, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1304, "year_label": "1304 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 9", "text": "February 9 – War of Scottish Independence: Scottish nobles led by Robert the Bruce and John Comyn (\"John the Red\"), negotiate a peace treaty with King Edward I of England (\"Edward Longshanks\"). His terms are accepted, and the Scots submit to English rule. In return, they are granted life and liberty under their old laws and freedom from the forfeiture of their lands. A few prominent nobles are singled out for temporary banishment – among them John de Soules, guardian of Scotland, who is exiled to France. No terms are offered to William Wallace, Edward's most wanted enemy, who remains defiantly at large despite every effort of Edward to capture him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428823#January_–_March", "title": "1304", "revid": 1361428823, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1304, "year_label": "1304 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 20", "text": "February 20 – Battle of Happrew: Scottish rebels led by William Wallace and Simon Fraser fight guerilla warfare against King Edward I of England. They defend themselves against a vanguard of English knights at Peebles, in the Scottish Borders. During the skirmish, the Scots are defeated and routed. Wallace and Fraser narrowly escape being captured.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428823#January_–_March", "title": "1304", "revid": 1361428823, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1304, "year_label": "1304 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – Siege of Stirling Castle: King Edward I of England captures the Scottish rebel stronghold at Stirling. The castle is for four months bombarded by twelve siege engines. During the siege, Edward orders his engineer, Master James of St. George, to build a massive engine called the Warwolf. Eventually, William Oliphant and his garrison surrender.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428823#July_–_September", "title": "1304", "revid": 1361428823, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1304, "year_label": "1304 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 12", "text": "November 12 – King Edward I summons the English Parliament for the first time in more than two years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428823#October_–_December", "title": "1304", "revid": 1361428823, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1304, "year_label": "1304 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 29", "text": "December 29 – William de Hamilton is nominated Lord Chancellor of England, the highest office at the time for a member of Parliament, by King Edward I. He takes office on January 16.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428823#October_–_December", "title": "1304", "revid": 1361428823, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1305, "year_label": "1305 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April", "text": "April – New Mongol ruler Öljaitü sends letters to Philip IV of France, Pope Clement V, and Edward I of England offering a military collaboration between the Christian nations of Europe and the Mongols against the Mamluks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342357825#Events", "title": "1305 in France", "revid": 1342357825, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1305, "year_label": "1305 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 5", "text": "5 August – John de Menteith, a Scottish knight loyal to King Edward of England, captures William Wallace and turns him over to English soldiers at Robroyston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353735363#Events", "title": "1305 in Scotland", "revid": 1353735363, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1305, "year_label": "1305 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – King Edward I of England issues ordinances for the government of the Kingdom of Scotland. King Edward issues the first commission of Trailbaston – which empowers him to appoint judicial commissions to punish crimes (such as homicide, theft, arson, and rape) and certain trespasses. Edward adds also conspiracy to the list of presentments.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1297125288#July_–_September", "title": "1305", "revid": 1297125288, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1306, "year_label": "1306 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – Robert the Bruce is crowned king of Scotland by Bishop William de Lamberton at Scone, near Perth. Despite lacking the traditional coronation stone, diadem and scepter, all of which have transferred to London. During the ceremony, the Scottish nobles of Atholl, Lennox, Mar and Menteith are present – while the 18-year-old Elizabeth de Burgh is crowned queen of Scots. The coronation takes place in defiance of the English claims of suzerainty after King Edward I of England, strips John de Baliol of his crown as King of Scots.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354973149#January_–_March", "title": "1306", "revid": 1354973149, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1307, "year_label": "1307 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – Edward I (\"Longshanks\"), king of England (b. 1239)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332007828#Deaths", "title": "1307", "revid": 1332007828, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1307, "year_label": "1307 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – King Edward I of England, known as Edward Longshanks, dies at Burgh by Sands after a 34-year reign. He is succeeded by his son 23-year-old Edward II, who becomes new ruler of England. After his death Edward's body is embalmed and transported to Waltham Abbey in Essex. Here it lay unburied for several weeks so that people can come and see the body lying in state. After this, Edward is taken to Westminster Abbey for a proper burial on October 28.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332007828#July_–_September", "title": "1307", "revid": 1332007828, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1341, "year_label": "1341 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 24", "text": "24 July – general resumption of all grants made since the death of Edward I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323560963#Events", "title": "1341 in Ireland", "revid": 1323560963, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1774, "year_label": "1774 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 2", "text": "2 May – the Society of Antiquaries of London open the coffin of King Edward I and discover that his body has been perfectly preserved for 467 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374050969#Events", "title": "1774 in Great Britain", "revid": 1374050969, "section": "Events"}}]}