{"slug": "easter", "label": "Easter", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21196", "qid": "Q21196", "description": "Christian commemoration of the resurrection of Jesus", "entries": 30, "years": 29, "span": [154, 2019], "span_label": ["154 CE", "2019 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 14}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 6}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Easter Sunday"], "related": [{"slug": "scotland", "label": "Scotland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "celtic-christianity", "label": "Celtic Christianity", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charlemagne", "label": "Charlemagne", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "christmas", "label": "Christmas", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "long-parliament", "label": "Long Parliament", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "northumbria", "label": "Northumbria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "missionary", "label": "Missionary", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "oswiu", "label": "Oswiu", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edirne", "label": "Edirne", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 154, "year_label": "154 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Anicetus meets with Polycarp of Smyrna to discuss the Computus, the date of Easter in the Christian liturgical calendar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367880243#Religion", "title": "AD 154", "revid": 1367880243, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 196, "year_label": "196 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "A church council is held in Caesarea over the date of Easter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371314273#Religion", "title": "AD 196", "revid": 1371314273, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 217, "year_label": "217 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "According to a tradition noted by 19th-century historian Stephen Glover, the earliest recorded game of association football (soccer) took place in Derby, England as a celebration on Shrove Tuesday, the day before commencement of the Lent season on Ash Wednesday, and 47 days before Easter Sunday", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371227173#Sports", "title": "217", "revid": 1371227173, "section": "Events › By topic › Sports"}}, {"year": 325, "year_label": "325 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – First Council of Nicaea: Constantine summons an ecumenical council of bishops in Nicaea (Turkey). The Nicene Creed, adopted on June 19, declares that the members of the Trinity (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit) are equal. The council decides that Easter is celebrated on the first Sunday after the first full moon after the vernal equinox. Arius is exiled to Illyria; his works are confiscated and consigned to the flames.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1291934511#Religion", "title": "325", "revid": 1291934511, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 457, "year_label": "457 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Victorius of Aquitaine computes new tables for celebrating Easter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367050070#Religion", "title": "457", "revid": 1367050070, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 602, "year_label": "602 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Augustine of Canterbury meets with the Welsh bishops at Aust near Chepstow. He accuses them of not adopting the Roman Christian way of dating Easter, and persuades them to accept the teaching of baptism (according to the Roman Rite).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364904263#Religion", "title": "602", "revid": 1364904263, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 664, "year_label": "664 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Synod of Whitby: King Oswiu of Northumbria calls for a meeting at Whitby Abbey to settle the church practices in his kingdom—those of the Celtic Church (of Wales, Scotland and the north of England – preached by Irish missionaries) or the Roman Church (of the south of England). The matters discussed include how to calculate the date of Easter. It is decided to follow the practice of Rome. As a result, many Irish clergy leave Northumbria and return to Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367636792#Religion", "title": "664", "revid": 1367636792, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 697, "year_label": "697 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Council of Birr: The northern part of Ireland accepts the Roman calculations for celebrating Easter. At this synod Adomnán, abbot of Iona (Scotland), promulgates his Cáin Adomnáin (\"Law of the Innocents\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361010652#Religion", "title": "697", "revid": 1361010652, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 768, "year_label": "768 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Archbishop Elfodd of Gwynedd persuades the Welsh Church to accept the Roman dating of Easter, as agreed by the British Church at the Synod of Whitby (see 664).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267068964#Religion", "title": "768", "revid": 1267068964, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 776, "year_label": "776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Charlemagne spends Easter in Treviso (northern Italy), after putting down a rebellion in Friuli and Spoleto. He removes Hrodgaud of Friuli from power, and reforms the duchy as the March of Friuli (military frontier district). Co-conspirators who support the revolt are Arechis II, duke of Benevento, and Adalgis, son of former Lombard king Desiderius. Frankish counts are placed in the cities of Friuli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848048#Europe", "title": "776", "revid": 1340848048, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 777, "year_label": "777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne spends Easter in Nijmegen, and leads a large Frankish army to Paderborn, where a general assembly of Carolingian and Saxon leaders had been summoned. Saxon lands are integrated into the Frankish Kingdom, and divided into missionary parishes. Duke Widukind and his followers flee to King Sigfred of Denmark, seeking refuge and support.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348716720#Europe", "title": "AD 777", "revid": 1348716720, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1187, "year_label": "1187 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 29", "text": "April 29 – A delegation under Balian of Ibelin is sent to Tiberias, to reconcile with Raymond III, prince of Galilee. After Easter, a second delegation (supported by the Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaller) is sent to Tripoli, but the situation remains unchanged.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187098#Levant", "title": "1187", "revid": 1369187098, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1313, "year_label": "1313 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 22", "text": "April 22 – On the first Sunday after Easter, the French ship Ste Marie is shipwrecked on England's Isle of Wight at Chale Bay. Residents nearby loot the ship of its cargo, casks of wine belonging to Regimus de Depe of Aquitaine. As an act of penance, the Lord of Chale, Walder de Godeton, builds the St Catherine's Oratory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694602#April_–_June", "title": "1313", "revid": 1361694602, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1321, "year_label": "1321 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – At Easter, the Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328 breaks out in the Byzantine Empire as Co-Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos flees Constantinople to Adrianople, where he sets up his court and initiates an uprising against his grandfather, the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos. The 24-year-old Andronikos is joined by Theodore Synadenos and John Kantakouzenos in the rebellion. Syrgiannes Palaiologos leads an expeditionary army towards the capital, forcing the emperor to negotiate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355655788#April_–_June", "title": "1321", "revid": 1355655788, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1408, "year_label": "1408 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 12", "text": "January 12 – Western Schism: King Charles VI of France sends a letter to the Antipope Benedict XIII at Avignon, giving an ultimatum to Benedict and the other Avignon Papacy proponents to end the schism in the Roman Catholic Church against the Roman Obedience, headed by Pope Gregory XII. King Charles VI threatens that unless the schism ends by Ascension Day, 40 days after Easter (in 1408, April 24, with Ascension Day on June 3), France will end its support of the Avignon Obedience.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360565942#January–March", "title": "1408", "revid": 1360565942, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1437, "year_label": "1437 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15– The Compacts of Basel are ratified by the Council of Basel in Switzerland, as the Roman Catholic Church ends its campaign against the Hussites. Among other things, the Church authorizes Hussite priests to administer sacramental wine to their congregations as part of the Communion during the Eucharist before Easter without declaring the same to be heresy, but stops short of allowing the Communion wafer.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358546204#January–March", "title": "1437", "revid": 1358546204, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1467, "year_label": "1467 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – On Easter Sunday, in the Bohemian city of Kunvald (now part of the Czech Republic), the Unity of the Brethren (commonly called the Moravian Church) is formed as one of the first Protestant churches by four Hussite bishops. Despite persecution, it progresses to as many as 100,000 adherents within 100 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352890331#January–March", "title": "1467", "revid": 1352890331, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1513, "year_label": "1513 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – On Easter Sunday, Afonso de Albuquerque, Governor of Portuguese India, makes an unsuccessful attempt to capture the port city of Aden, on the Arabian Peninsula, from the Mamluk Sultanate, using 20 ships and 2,500 soldiers. The 1,700 Portuguese, along with 800 mercenaries from Malabar, lose at least 100 killed during the attack and retreat.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363949569#January–March", "title": "1513", "revid": 1363949569, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1534, "year_label": "1534 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 (Easter Sunday) – Anabaptist Jan Matthys is killed by the Landsknechte, who laid siege to Münster on the day he predicted as the Second Coming of Christ. His follower John of Leiden takes control of the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558671#April–June", "title": "1534", "revid": 1369558671, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1559, "year_label": "1559 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – The Westminster Conference 1559 opens at Westminster Hall in London with nine leading Catholic churchmen, and nine Protestant reformers of the Church of England. The conference adjourns on April 3 for Easter and never reconvenes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794840#January–March", "title": "1559", "revid": 1366794840, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1647, "year_label": "1647 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June", "text": "June – the Long Parliament passes an ordinance confirming abolition of the feasts of Christmas, Easter and Whitsun, though making the second Tuesday in each month a secular holiday.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737212#Events", "title": "1647 in England", "revid": 1353737212, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1647, "year_label": "1647 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – The Puritan rulers of England's Long Parliament pass the \"Ordinance for abolishing all Holidays, and appointing other Days for Sports and Recreations for Scholars, Apprentices, and Servants, in their Room\", confirming abolition of the feasts of Christmas, Easter and Whitsun, though making the second Tuesday in each month a secular holiday. The Act declares \"Forasmuch as the Feasts of the Nativity of Christ, Easter, and Whitsuntide, and other Festivals, commonly called Holidays, have heretofore been superstitiously used and observed; be it ordained, That the said Feasts and Festivals be no loner observed within England and Wales.\"", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358071698#April–June", "title": "1647", "revid": 1358071698, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1722, "year_label": "1722 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 (Easter Sunday) – Dutch admiral Jacob Roggeveen lands on what is now Easter Island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365128046#April–June", "title": "1722", "revid": 1365128046, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1725, "year_label": "1725 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 1", "text": "April 1 – J. S. Bach's later Easter Oratorio in its first version is performed at the Nikolaikirche in Leipzig on Easter Sunday.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361335962#April–June", "title": "1725", "revid": 1361335962, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1734, "year_label": "1734 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 25", "text": "April 25 – Easter occurs on the latest possible date (the next time is in 1886).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363450203#April–June", "title": "1734", "revid": 1363450203, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1782, "year_label": "1782 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 (Easter Sunday) – Mission San Buenaventura is founded in Las Californias, part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370562345#January–March", "title": "1782", "revid": 1370562345, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 22", "text": "March 22 – Easter Sunday in Western Christianity falls on its earliest possible date. In Western Christianity, it will not occur on this date again until 2285.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373165947#January–March", "title": "1818", "revid": 1373165947, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1913, "year_label": "1913 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 22", "text": "22 March: The world's first automatic totalisator is used at the Easter meeting at Ellerslie Racecourse in Auckland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1308208619#Events", "title": "1913 in New Zealand", "revid": 1308208619, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 25", "text": "April 25 – Easter occurs on the latest possible date (last time 1886; next time 2038) in the Western Christian Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#April", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 – A series of Islamist bomb attacks occur at eight locations in Sri Lanka, including three churches, four hotels and one housing complex in Colombo, on Easter Sunday, leaving 259 people dead and over 500 injured. It is the deadliest terrorist attack in the country since the Sri Lankan Civil War ended in 2009.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#April", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › April"}}]}