{"slug": "duchy-of-lorraine", "label": "Duchy of Lorraine", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Lorraine", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155019", "qid": "Q155019", "description": "former state", "entries": 31, "years": 29, "span": [890, 1871], "span_label": ["890 CE", "1871 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 15}, {"title": "Births", "count": 5}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Lorraine (province)", "Upper Lorraine"], "related": [{"slug": "lotharingia", "label": "Lotharingia", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "otto-the-great", "label": "Otto the Great", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "rhine", "label": "Rhine", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "worms-germany", "label": "Worms, Germany", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "bruno-the-great", "label": "Bruno the Great", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "aachen", "label": "Aachen", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "meuse", "label": "Meuse", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "principality-of-hungary", "label": "Principality of Hungary", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "stanisaw-leszczynski", "label": "Stanisław Leszczyński", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charles-the-bold", "label": "Charles the Bold", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rene-of-anjou", "label": "René of Anjou", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 890, "year_label": "890 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Gilbert, duke of Lotharingia (or Lorraine) (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373061013#Births", "title": "890", "revid": 1373061013, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 920, "year_label": "920 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The nobles of Lotharingia under Gilbert, duke of Lorraine, revolt against King Charles III (\"the Simple\"). They recognize King Henry I (\"the Fowler\") as their sovereign. Charles invades Lotharingia as far as Pfeddersheim (near Worms), but retreats when he learns that Henry is mobilizing an army to attack the West Frankish Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349205100#Europe", "title": "920", "revid": 1349205100, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 939, "year_label": "939 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 2", "text": "October 2 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard III, duke of Franconia, and other Frankish dukes, in Andernach on the Rhine River. Otto prevails, with support from Odo of Wetterau. Eberhard is killed while Gilbert, duke of Lotharingia (or Lorraine) drowns when trying to escape.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656722#Europe", "title": "939", "revid": 1366656722, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 953, "year_label": "953 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Liudolf, duke of Swabia, and his brother-in-law Conrad the Red rebel against King Otto I. Otto and his army fail to capture the cities of Mainz and Augsburg. He declares Liudolf and Conrad as outlaws in absentia. His brother Bruno I, archbishop of Cologne, restores royal authority in Lorraine, but some of the rebellious dukes receive support from the Hungarians. They seize the opportunity to invade Bavaria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512708#Europe", "title": "953", "revid": 1341512708, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 954, "year_label": "954 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – A Hungarian army led by Bulcsú crosses the Rhine. He camps at Worms in the capital of his ally Conrad the Red, duke of Lorraine. Bulcsú heads west, attacking the domains of King Otto I, by crossing the rivers Moselle and Maas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360671354#Europe", "title": "954", "revid": 1360671354, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 959, "year_label": "959 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Bruno I, archbishop and duke (archduke) of Lotharingia resigns. His brother, King Otto I divides the duchy in two parts – Upper Lorraine and Lower Lorraine. He appoints Frederick I and Godfrey I as margraves (vice-duke).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512808#Europe", "title": "959", "revid": 1341512808, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 961, "year_label": "961 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor elects his 6-year-old son Otto II as heir apparent and co-ruler at the Imperial Diet in Worms. He is crowned at Aachen, and placed under the tutelage of his grandmother Matilda and his half-brother William of Mainz. Otto's own brother Bruno I is charged with the provisional government of Lorraine again.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512994#Europe", "title": "961", "revid": 1341512994, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 965, "year_label": "965 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Theodoric I, duke of Upper Lorraine (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371364470#Births", "title": "965", "revid": 1371364470, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 967, "year_label": "967 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Gothelo I, duke of Lorraine (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919490#Births", "title": "967", "revid": 1364919490, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 977, "year_label": "977 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August", "text": "August – Otto II appoints his cousin Charles, illegitimate son of the late King Louis IV (d'Outremer), as duke of Lorraine. King Lothair III – who claims the duchy as his own territory – declares war to the Holy Roman Empire. He leads an expedition into Lorraine accompanied by Hugh Capet. Lothair crosses the Meuse River and takes Aachen, sacking the imperial palace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341908323#Europe", "title": "977", "revid": 1341908323, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 995, "year_label": "995 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Frederick II, duke of Upper Lorraine (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360634539#Births", "title": "995", "revid": 1360634539, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1026, "year_label": "1026 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Frederick II, duke of Upper Lorraine (Lotharingia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590752#Deaths", "title": "1026", "revid": 1365590752, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1037, "year_label": "1037 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 15", "text": "November 15 – Battle of Bar-le-Duc: Odo II, Count of Blois and Champagne, while invading the Duchy of Lorraine dies in battle with forces loyal to Gothelo I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342215302#Europe", "title": "1037", "revid": 1342215302, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1048, "year_label": "1048 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – Adalbert, duke of Upper Lorraine (b. 1000)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129783#Deaths", "title": "1048", "revid": 1350129783, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1117, "year_label": "1117 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gertrude of Flanders, duchess of Lorraine (b. 1070)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694426#Deaths", "title": "1117", "revid": 1361694426, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1119, "year_label": "1119 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Matthias I, duke of Lorraine (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361127585#Births", "title": "1119", "revid": 1361127585, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1138, "year_label": "1138 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 13", "text": "January 13 or January 14 – Simon I, duke of Lorraine (b. 1076)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366421724#Deaths", "title": "1138", "revid": 1366421724, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1146, "year_label": "1146 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – Bernard of Clairvaux, commissioned by Pope Eugene III, preaches the Second Crusade at Vézelay, in Burgundy. King Louis VII of France and his wife, Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, take up the cross. In a repeat of the events of 1096, Crusaders attack and massacre Jewish communities along the Rhine. Encouraged by his success, Bernard undertakes a tour in Burgundy, Lorraine and Flanders – preaching the Crusade as he goes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184470#Europe", "title": "1146", "revid": 1369184470, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1176, "year_label": "1176 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – Matthias I, duke of Lorraine (b. 1119)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532887#Deaths", "title": "1176", "revid": 1366532887, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1300, "year_label": "1300 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – English invasion of Scotland (1300): On Midsummer Day, after crossing the border from England into Scotland, England's King Edward I holds a conference at English-occupied Scottish territory at Roxburgh with his advance force. King Edward starts another Scottish campaign and marches north with his army, accompanied by several knights of Brittany and Lorraine. The 16-year-old Prince Edward of Caernarfon is appointed to take command of the rearguard of the English army but part from a small skirmish, he sees no action.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363832742#April_–_June", "title": "1300", "revid": 1363832742, "section": "April – June"}}, {"year": 1431, "year_label": "1431 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – In the Battle of Bulgnéville over who will be the next Duke of Lorraine, Count Antoine de Vaudémont, supported by Burgundian and English troops, defeats René of Anjou, who is supported by the Kingdom of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361768961#July–September", "title": "1431", "revid": 1361768961, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1431, "year_label": "1431 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 2", "text": "2 July – Battle of Bulgnéville between René I d'Anjou and Antoine de Vaudémont over the Duchy of Lorraine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372152725#Events", "title": "1431 in France", "revid": 1372152725, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1476, "year_label": "1476 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 – Burgundian Wars: Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, begins the Siege of Nancy, capital of the Duchy of Lorraine, in an attempt to regain control of it after Rene II, Duke of Lorraine, had captured it earlier. Rene II, aided by the Swiss Confederation, makes plans to break the siege, leading to the Battle of Nancy on January 5, 1477.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998162#October_–December", "title": "1476", "revid": 1361998162, "section": "Events › October –December"}}, {"year": 1477, "year_label": "1477 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – At the Battle of Nancy in France, Charles the Bold of Duke of Burgundy, who had begun the siege of the capital of the Duchy of Lorraine on October 22, is forced to retreat from a larger force of troops from Lorraine, Alsace and the Swiss Army. During the retreat, the Burgundians pursued and then surrounded by the Swiss. Charles is struck in the head by a halberd and killed, while most of the Burgundian troops are slaughtered. The defeat brings an end to the Burgundian Wars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330635656#January–March", "title": "1477", "revid": 1330635656, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1633, "year_label": "1633 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – King Louis XIII enters into Nancy, marking the occupation of the Duchy of Lorraine by France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369169348#July–September", "title": "1633", "revid": 1369169348, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1633, "year_label": "1633 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – Entry of the king into Nancy marking the occupation of the Duchy of Lorraine by France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737072#Events", "title": "1633 in France", "revid": 1353737072, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1634, "year_label": "1634 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 2", "text": "March 2 – Battle of Wattwiller: Forces of the Swedish Empire are victorious over those of the Holy Roman Empire and Duchy of Lorraine on the plain of Cernay in Alsace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737084#January–June", "title": "1634 in France", "revid": 1353737084, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1697, "year_label": "1697 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 30", "text": "October 30 – The Nine Years' War, between France and the Grand Alliance comes to an end with the signing of the last pacts of the Peace of Ryswick in the Dutch city of Rijswijk as Leopold I of Austria accedes two days before a deadline that had been set by the other members of the Grand Alliance. The areas of the Duchy of Lorraine (Lotharingen), Freiburg im Breisgau, and Vieux-Brisach (Breisach) are returned by France to Leopold's control.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355431044#October–December", "title": "1697", "revid": 1355431044, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1738, "year_label": "1738 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 18", "text": "November 18 – The Treaty of Vienna is ratified, ending the War of the Polish Succession. Under the terms of the treaty, Stanisław Leszczyński receives Lorraine in exchange for renouncing the Polish throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363165384#October–December", "title": "1738", "revid": 1363165384, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1766, "year_label": "1766 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – Lorraine and Bar become French again, on the death of Stanisław Leszczyński, King of Poland and last Duke of Lorraine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358061260#January–March", "title": "1766", "revid": 1358061260, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1871, "year_label": "1871 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 10", "text": "May 10 – The Treaty of Frankfurt is signed, confirming the frontiers between Germany and France. The provinces of Alsace and Lorraine are transferred from France to Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368649173#April–June", "title": "1871", "revid": 1368649173, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}