{"slug": "duchy-of-croatia", "label": "Duchy of Croatia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2576305", "qid": "Q2576305", "description": "medieval state in the former Roman province of Dalmatia", "entries": 15, "years": 15, "span": [640, 1108], "span_label": ["640 CE", "1108 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 6}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}], "also_known_as": ["Dalmatian Croatia", "Duchy of Littoral Croatia", "Principality of Dalmatian Croatia"], "related": [{"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "croatia", "label": "Croatia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "heraclius", "label": "Heraclius", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "missionary", "label": "Missionary", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-adrian-i", "label": "Pope Adrian I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "franks", "label": "Franks", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "francia", "label": "Francia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "venice", "label": "Venice", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charlemagne", "label": "Charlemagne", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "adriatic-sea", "label": "Adriatic Sea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "istria", "label": "Istria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nikephoros-i", "label": "Nikephoros I", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 640, "year_label": "640 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "At the request of Porga of Croatia, one of the first dukes or princes (Croatian: knez) of Dalmatian Croatia, the Byzantine emperor Heraclius sends Christian missionaries to the Croatian Provinces (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364750340#Europe", "title": "640", "revid": 1364750340, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 785, "year_label": "785 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Prince (or duke) Višeslav, with the support of Pope Adrian I and the Byzantine Empire, becomes ruler of Dalmatian Croatia (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351342449#Europe", "title": "785", "revid": 1351342449, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 799, "year_label": "799 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Siege of Trsat: Višeslav, prince or duke of Dalmatian Croatia, decisively defeats an invading Frankish army under Eric of Friuli, during the siege at the fortress city of Trsat (Rijeka).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848772#Europe", "title": "799", "revid": 1340848772, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 802, "year_label": "802 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Višeslav, duke of Croatia (or 810)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848783#Deaths", "title": "802", "revid": 1340848783, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 803, "year_label": "803 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperors Nikephoros I and Charlemagne settle their imperial boundaries in the Adriatic Sea, and sign the Pax Nicephori (\"Peace of Nikephoros\"). The Byzantines retain control of the coastal cities and islands in Dalmatian Croatia, while Frankish rule is accepted over Istria and the Dalmatian hinterland. Venice is recognized as independent by the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848789#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "803", "revid": 1340848789, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 819, "year_label": "819 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Kupa: Ljudevit defeats the Frankish forces led by Borna, a vassal of Louis I. He escapes with the help of his elite bodyguard. Ljudevit uses the momentum and invades the Duchy of Croatia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941210#Europe", "title": "819", "revid": 1340941210, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 845, "year_label": "845 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Mislav, duke of Croatia (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342044538#Deaths", "title": "845", "revid": 1342044538, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 852, "year_label": "852 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – Trpimir I, duke (knez) of Croatia, and founder of the Trpimirović dynasty, issues a first state document in Bijaći of all Slavonic peoples. In this Latin document Trpimir refers to himself as the \"duke of the Croats\" (dux Chroatorum), and to his country as the \"state of the Croats\" (regnum Chroatorum).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287194271#Europe", "title": "852", "revid": 1287194271, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 854, "year_label": "854 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Croatian–Bulgarian battle: Bulgarian Khan (later Knyaz) Boris I, attacks the Duchy of Littoral Croatia, ruled by Duke Trpimir I during the First Croatian-Bulgarian War. It is fought on the Croatian territory in the vicinity of the Croatian–Bulgarian border in present-day northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. None of the warring sides emerges victorious, Bulgarian forces retreat and finally both parties subsequently conclude a peace treaty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129142#Europe", "title": "854", "revid": 1341129142, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 864, "year_label": "864 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Trpimir I, duke (knez) of Croatia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365939843#Deaths", "title": "864", "revid": 1365939843, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 876, "year_label": "876 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Domagoj, duke (knyaz) of Croatia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070562#Deaths", "title": "876", "revid": 1267070562, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 878, "year_label": "878 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Iljko, duke (knyaz) of Croatia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353695287#Deaths", "title": "878", "revid": 1353695287, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 879, "year_label": "879 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 7", "text": "June 7 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia, under Duke (knyaz) Branimir, as an independent state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348046041#Religion", "title": "879", "revid": 1348046041, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 892, "year_label": "892 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Branimir, ruler (knyaz) of Croatia (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346093317#Deaths", "title": "892", "revid": 1346093317, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1108, "year_label": "1108 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – The Principality of Nitra ceases to exist, after King Coloman of Hungary, deposes its last ruler, Álmos, duke of Croatia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362166699#Europe", "title": "1108", "revid": 1362166699, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}]}