{"slug": "duchy-of-amalfi", "label": "Duchy of Amalfi", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686312", "qid": "Q686312", "description": "former country in modern-day Italy", "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [812, 1135], "span_label": ["812 CE", "1135 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Republic of Amalfi"], "related": [{"slug": "duchy-of-naples", "label": "Duchy of Naples", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "saracen", "label": "Saracen", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "republic-of-pisa", "label": "Republic of Pisa", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "southern-italy", "label": "Southern Italy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sardinia", "label": "Sardinia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "piracy", "label": "Piracy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "fortification", "label": "Fortification", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-leo-iv", "label": "Pope Leo IV", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "patrician-ancient-rome", "label": "Patrician (ancient Rome)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 812, "year_label": "812 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Republic of Amalfi sends galleys to support the Byzantine general (strategos) of Sicily, Gregorio, against the Aghlabid invaders. It is one of the earliest evidences of the independence of the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345909676#Europe", "title": "812", "revid": 1345909676, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 836, "year_label": "836 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – Pactum Sicardi: Prince Sicard of Benevento signs a 5-year armistice with the duchies of Sorrento, Naples and Amalfi. He recognizes the trade of merchants among the three cities in Southern Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350026626#Europe", "title": "836", "revid": 1350026626, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 849, "year_label": "849 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Battle of Ostia: A Saracen Arab fleet from Sardinia sets sail towards Rome. In response, Pope Leo IV forms a coalition of maritime Italian cities, including Naples, Amalfi and Gaeta, led by Admiral Caesar — which is assembled off the re-fortified port of Ostia — and repels the Saracen marauders. Their navy is scattered, resulting in many sunken vessels. Rome is saved from plunder and the expansion of the Aghlabids.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129155#Europe", "title": "849", "revid": 1341129155, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 958, "year_label": "958 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Mastalus II, duke and patrician of Amalfi (Italy)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468198#Deaths", "title": "958", "revid": 1364468198, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1005, "year_label": "1005 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Republic of Pisa conducts a military offensive against the Saracen strongholds in Southern Italy. The Pisan fleet sacks the city of Reggio Calabria. Pisa becomes one of the four commercial Maritime Republics (the other three are Genoa, Venice and Amalfi), which fight each other for control of the Mediterranean Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910116#Europe", "title": "1005", "revid": 1341910116, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1029, "year_label": "1029 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Prince Pandulf IV of Capua becomes the de facto ruler of southern Italy – holding Capua and Naples himself – this in support with his powerful allies Amalfi, Salerno and Benevento. Only the Duchy of Gaeta remains out of his grasp.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363085319#Europe", "title": "1029", "revid": 1363085319, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1038, "year_label": "1038 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Duke John II drives his brother Manso II and his mother Maria out of Amalfi. He has Manso blinded and exiled to the island of Sirenuse. John reconciles with Maria, and allows her to remain as co-ruler of Amalfi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129769#Europe", "title": "1038", "revid": 1350129769, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1135, "year_label": "1135 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Pisans in the service of the Holy See (Diocese of Rome) sack the city of Amalfi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184463#Europe", "title": "1135", "revid": 1369184463, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}]}