{"slug": "diyarbakr", "label": "Diyarbakır", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83387", "qid": "Q83387", "description": "city in Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey", "entries": 10, "years": 10, "span": [359, 1975], "span_label": ["359 CE", "1975 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Diyarbakir"], "related": [{"slug": "iraq", "label": "Iraq", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "aq-qoyunlu", "label": "Aq Qoyunlu", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "amida-mesopotamia", "label": "Amida (Mesopotamia)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mesopotamia", "label": "Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "upper-mesopotamia", "label": "Upper Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "al-mu-tadid", "label": "Al-Mu'tadid", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "abbasid-caliphate", "label": "Abbasid Caliphate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "islam", "label": "Islam", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "damascus", "label": "Damascus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mosul", "label": "Mosul", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 359, "year_label": "359 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Amida: Shapur II besieges the Roman fortress of Amida (modern Diyarbakir). After seventy-three days the city is conquered and the population is massacred by the Persians. Ammianus Marcellinus is a fortunate survivor and flees to Singara (Iraq).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332409759#Roman_Empire", "title": "359", "revid": 1332409759, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 519, "year_label": "519 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Jacob of Serugh becomes bishop of Batnan (near modern Diyarbakir, Turkey).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340792103#Religion", "title": "519", "revid": 1340792103, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 625, "year_label": "625 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Sassanid War: Emperor Heraclius marches with his forces westward, through the mountains of Corduene. The Persians go into winter quarters nearby, but Heraclius attacks them at Tigranakert (Kingdom of Armenia), routing the forces of the generals Shahin Vahmanzadegan and Shahraplakan. In less than seven days, he bypasses Mount Ararat and captures the strategic fortresses of Amida along the Arsanias River, and Martyropolis on the upper Tigris. The Persian army in northern Mesopotamia withdraws westward across the Euphrates. Heraclius pursues into Cilicia, accompanied by a great train of booty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803472#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "625", "revid": 1340803472, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 899, "year_label": "899 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Shaybani, Muslim ruler of Diyar Bakr, surrenders at the besieged capital of Amid (modern Turkey) to Caliph Al-Mu'tadid in exchange for clemency. Al-Muktafi, the son of Al-Mu'tadid, is installed as governor of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), ending the semi-independent Shaybanid Dynasty, which has ruled in Diyar Bakr since the 870s.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130263#Arabian_Empire", "title": "899", "revid": 1341130263, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 1111, "year_label": "1111 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 13", "text": "September 13–29 – Battle of Shaizar: Sultan Muhammad I Tapar appoints Mawdud ibn Altuntash, Turkic governor (atabeg) of Mosul, to lead a Seljuk expedition against the Crusaders. The composite force includes Muslim contingents from Damascus, Diyarbakır, Ahlat and some Persian troops, headed by Bursuq ibn Bursuq from Hamadan. The Crusaders (16,000 men), led by King Baldwin I of Jerusalem, are cut off from their supplies, and within two weeks (due to constant Seljuk skirmishes) forced to fall back on Afamiya in northern Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268639#Levant", "title": "1111", "revid": 1365268639, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1182, "year_label": "1182 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November", "text": "November – Al-Nasir, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, is shocked by the war between fellow-Muslims and tries to negotiate a peace. Saladin, thwarted by the strong fortifications of Mosul, retreats to Sinjar. He marches to conquer Diarbekir, the richest and the greatest fortress of the Jazira Region (with the finest library in Islam).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172586#Levant", "title": "1182", "revid": 1362172586, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1378, "year_label": "1378 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Uthman Beg establishes the Aq Qoyunlu (Turkomans of the White Sheep) dynasty at Diyarbakır, in modern-day southeast Turkey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366019926#Date_unknown", "title": "1378", "revid": 1366019926, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1402, "year_label": "1402 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Aq Qoyunlu (\"White Sheep Turkmen\") tribal confederation, in modern-day northern Iraq and Iran, moves its capital from Amida to Diyarbakır.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371594109#Date_unknown", "title": "1402", "revid": 1371594109, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1681, "year_label": "1681 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 23", "text": "June 23 – The Church of the East, an Eastern Orthodox rite in Mesopotamia (now Iraq), already split between two patriarchs in the Eliya line and the Shimun line, is split along a third line by the Roman Catholic Church when Mar Yousip of the Archdiocese of Amid (now Diyarbakır in Turkey) is proclaimed by Pope Innocent XI as Joseph I, \"Patriarch of the Chaldean nation deprived of its patriarch\", creating the \"Josephite line\" of the Chaldean Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361310073#April–June", "title": "1681", "revid": 1361310073, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1975, "year_label": "1975 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 6", "text": "September 6 – An earthquake of magnitude Ms kills at least 2,085 in Diyarbakır and Lice, Turkey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369955775#September", "title": "1975", "revid": 1369955775, "section": "Events › September"}}]}