{"slug": "devon", "label": "Devon", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devon", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23156", "qid": "Q23156", "description": "ceremonial county of England", "entries": 20, "years": 19, "span": [614, 1952], "span_label": ["614 CE", "1952 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "cornwall", "label": "Cornwall", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "celtic-britons", "label": "Celtic Britons", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "exeter", "label": "Exeter", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "dumnonia", "label": "Dumnonia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "vikings", "label": "Vikings", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "anglo-saxons", "label": "Anglo-Saxons", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-york-city", "label": "New York City", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "wessex", "label": "Wessex", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cynegils", "label": "Cynegils", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "benedictines", "label": "Benedictines", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dissolution-of-the-monasteries", "label": "Dissolution of the monasteries", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "France in the Middle Ages", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 614, "year_label": "614 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Bampton: King Cynegils of Wessex defeats the invading Britons in Dumnonia (modern Devon). They use the Roman road eastward from Exeter to Dorchester, and are intercepted by the West Saxons marching south.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752346#Britain", "title": "614", "revid": 1364752346, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 661, "year_label": "661 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Posbury: King Cenwalh of Wessex invades Dumnonia (south-west England). He is victorious over the native Briton tribes near Crediton in Devon, and drives them to the coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804600#Britain", "title": "661", "revid": 1340804600, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 710, "year_label": "710 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Kings Ine of Wessex and Nothhelm of Sussex fight against King Geraint of Dumnonia, who dies in battle. Ine's advance brings him control of what is now Devon; he establishes a fortress at Taunton.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807117#Britain", "title": "710", "revid": 1340807117, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1001, "year_label": "1001 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Pinhoe: Vikings defeat the Anglo-Saxons in Devon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910152#Europe", "title": "1001", "revid": 1341910152, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1002, "year_label": "1002 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – Pallig, Danish chieftain (jarl) of Devonshire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371270947#Deaths", "title": "1002", "revid": 1371270947, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1050, "year_label": "1050 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Edward the Confessor unites the English dioceses of Devon and Cornwall. He moves the see from Crediton to Exeter and gives the order to build a cathedral. Leofric becomes the first bishop of Exeter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368550668#Religion", "title": "1050", "revid": 1368550668, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1198, "year_label": "1198 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "John of England captures a party of 18 French knights and many men-at-arms, in the ongoing conflict against France. His brother, King Richard I (the Lionheart) introduces a new Great Seal – in an attempt to keep the war against France funded. The government proclaims that charters previously struck with the old seal are no longer valid and must be renewed with a fresh payment. The office of Lord Warden of the Stannaries is also introduced, to tax the produce of tin mines in Cornwall and Devon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584676#England", "title": "1198", "revid": 1365584676, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1455, "year_label": "1455 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 23", "text": "23 October – Bonville–Courtenay feud in Devon: Thomas Courtenay, heir to the Earl of Devon, arranges the murder of lawyer Nicholas Radford.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353735880#Events", "title": "1455 in England", "revid": 1353735880, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1633, "year_label": "1633 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 1", "text": "1 August – Exeter School is founded in Devon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737067#Events", "title": "1633 in England", "revid": 1353737067, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1690, "year_label": "1690 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – A French landing party raids and burns Teignmouth in Devon, England. However, with the loss of James II's position in Ireland, any plans for a real invasion are soon shelved, and Teignmouth is the last French attack on England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369486553#July–September", "title": "1690", "revid": 1369486553, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1815, "year_label": "1815 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 18", "text": "18 October – The Bible Christian Church, a Wesleyan Methodist denomination, is founded by William O'Bryan in north Devon and Cornwall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352314168#July_to_December", "title": "1815 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1352314168, "section": "Events › July to December"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – \"Princess Caraboo\" appears in Almondsbury in Gloucestershire in England, and convinces the local residents that she had come to their town from a far-off island kingdom of \"Javasu\" in the Indian Ocean. A Portuguese sailor named Manuel Enes soon arrives and says that he speaks her mysterious language, and translates her story of an escape from pirates. After publicity, Princess Caraboo is discovered to be a servant girl from the village of Witheridge in Devon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360260504#April–June", "title": "1817", "revid": 1360260504, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "August 16", "text": "16 August – The Tin Duties Act converts the tin coinage taxation system of the mines of Devon and Cornwall into an annual payment to the Duchy of Cornwall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362628622#Events", "title": "1838 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1362628622, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "December 7", "text": "7 December - Redvers Henry Buller in at Crediton, Devonshire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368951893#Births", "title": "1839 in South Africa", "revid": 1368951893, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 24", "text": "24 December – An enormous landslide occurs at Axmouth in Devon, creating the Axmouth to Lyme Regis Undercliff. A report by geologists William Daniel Conybeare and William Buckland is one of the earliest scientific descriptions of such an event.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333377243#Events", "title": "1839 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1333377243, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1855, "year_label": "1855 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 8", "text": "8 February – The Devil's Footprints, a series of mysteriously hoof-like marks, appear in the snow in Devon and continue throughout the countryside for over 100 mi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351923063#Events", "title": "1855 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1351923063, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1859, "year_label": "1859 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 4", "text": "May 4 – The Cornwall Railway opens across the Royal Albert Bridge, linking the counties of Devon and Cornwall in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371179353#April–June", "title": "1859", "revid": 1371179353, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1879, "year_label": "1879 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 31", "text": "December 31 – Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera The Pirates of Penzance opens at the Fifth Avenue Theatre in New York City (following a token performance the day before for U.K. copyright reasons in Paignton, Devon).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365404244#December", "title": "1879", "revid": 1365404244, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1882, "year_label": "1882 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 28", "text": "28 October – six Benedictine monks return from France to commence the rebuilding of Buckfast Abbey in Devon, largely destroyed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1309237615#Events", "title": "1882 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1309237615, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – Lynmouth, North Devon, England is devastated by floods; 34 die.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#July–August", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › July–August"}}]}