{"slug": "delphi", "label": "Delphi", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75459", "qid": "Q75459", "description": "ancient town in Fokida, Greece", "entries": 19, "years": 17, "span": [-581, -137], "span_label": ["582 BCE", "138 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "phocis-ancient-region", "label": "Phocis (ancient region)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "phocis", "label": "Phocis", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "thermopylae", "label": "Thermopylae", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "macedonia-ancient-kingdom", "label": "Macedonia (ancient kingdom)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pericles", "label": "Pericles", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sparta", "label": "Sparta", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "philip-ii-of-macedon", "label": "Philip II of Macedon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-senate", "label": "Roman Senate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pergamon", "label": "Pergamon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "eumenes-ii", "label": "Eumenes II", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -581, "year_label": "582 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "582 BC—The Pythian Games are reorganised at Delphi (traditional date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368110656#Events_and_trends", "title": "580s BC", "revid": 1368110656, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -547, "year_label": "548 BCE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "The Temple of Apollo at Delphi, Greece is damaged in a fire. The Alcmaeonids rebuild the structure.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303256206#Events", "title": "548 BC", "revid": 1303256206, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -529, "year_label": "530 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Temple of Apollo at Delphi is built (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342712884#Art_and_architecture", "title": "530 BC", "revid": 1342712884, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and architecture"}}, {"year": -529, "year_label": "530 BCE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The Siphnian Treasury in Delphi is begun (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342712884#Art_and_architecture", "title": "530 BC", "revid": 1342712884, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and architecture"}}, {"year": -529, "year_label": "530 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Battle between the Gods and the Giants, fragments of the north frieze of the Siphnian Treasury, from the Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi, is begun (approximate date). It is now at the Delphi Archaeological Museum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342712884#Art_and_architecture", "title": "530 BC", "revid": 1342712884, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and architecture"}}, {"year": -490, "year_label": "491 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Cleomenes I engineers the deposing of Spartan co-ruler Demaratus (and his replacement by Cleomenes’ cousin Leotychidas) by bribing the oracle at Delphi to announce that this action was divine will. The two Spartan kings successfully capture the Persian collaborators in Aegina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364322520#Greece", "title": "491 BC", "revid": 1364322520, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -469, "year_label": "470 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Charioteer, in the Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi, is created in commemoration of a victory in the Pythian Games of 478 or 474 BC (approximate date). It is now preserved at the Delphi Archaeological Museum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129358#Art", "title": "470 BC", "revid": 1350129358, "section": "Events › By topic › Art"}}, {"year": -448, "year_label": "449 BCE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The Second Sacred War erupts between Athens and Sparta, when Sparta forcefully detaches Delphi from Phocis and renders it independent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1309703382#Greece", "title": "449 BC", "revid": 1309703382, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -447, "year_label": "448 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Pericles leads the Athenian army against Delphi to restore the sanctuary of the oracle of Delphi to Phocis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1272690289#Greece", "title": "448 BC", "revid": 1272690289, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -425, "year_label": "426 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Demosthenes unsuccessfully besieges the Corinthian colony of Leukas. As a result, he does not return to Athens, fearing for his life. However when, later in the year, Ambracia invades Acarnania, and the Acarnanians seek help from Demosthenes, who is patrolling the Ionian Sea coast with twenty Athenian ships, he reaches the Athenian naval base in the Gulf of Corinth at Naupactus and secures it just in time to defend it against a large Spartan army from Delphi under Eurylochus which has come to assist the Ambraciots. Demosthenes defeats the Spartan army and Eurylochus is killed during the Battle of Olpae. The Acarnanians and Ambraciots then sign a peace treaty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172947#Greece", "title": "426 BC", "revid": 1354172947, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -399, "year_label": "400 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Theodorus from Phokaia in Asia Minor, builds the Tholos of Delphi, the sanctuary of Athena Pronaia in Delphi (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361270863#By_topic", "title": "400 BC", "revid": 1361270863, "section": "Events › By topic"}}, {"year": -372, "year_label": "373 BCE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The Temple of Apollo in Delphi is destroyed by an earthquake.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1080639284#Greece", "title": "373 BC", "revid": 1080639284, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -355, "year_label": "356 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Phocians capture and sack Delphi in whose territory the famous temple and oracle stand. A sacred war is declared against them by the other members of the Great Amphictyonic League. The Phocians, led by two capable generals, Philomelus and Onomarchus, use Delphi's riches to hire a mercenary army to carry the war into Boeotia and Thessaly.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343819365#Greece", "title": "356 BC", "revid": 1343819365, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -351, "year_label": "352 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "After two initial efforts, Philip II of Macedon drives the Phocians south after a major victory over them in the Battle of Crocus Field. Athens and Sparta come to the assistance of the Phocians and Philip is checked at Thermopylae. Philip does not attempt to advance into central Greece with the Athenians occupying this pass. With this victory, Philip accrues great glory as the righteous avenger of Apollo, since the Phocian general Onomarchos has plundered the sacred treasury of Delphi to pay his mercenaries. Onomarchos' body is crucified, and the prisoners are drowned as ritual demanded for temple-robbers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598336#Greece", "title": "352 BC", "revid": 1360598336, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -334, "year_label": "335 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Returning to Macedonia by way of Delphi (where the Pythian priestess acclaims him \"invincible\"), King Alexander III of Macedonia advances into Thrace in order to secure the Danube as the northern boundary of the Macedonian kingdom. After forcing the Shipka Pass and crushing the Triballi, he crosses the Danube to disperse the Getae. Turning west, he then defeats and shatters a coalition of Illyrians who are invading Macedonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=996420033#Greece", "title": "335 BC", "revid": 996420033, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -278, "year_label": "279 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "An army of Gauls under Brennus invade Greece. A section of the army, commanded by Bolgios, crushes a Macedonian army led by Ptolemy Keraunos, who is killed in the battle. At the narrow pass of Thermopylae, on the east coast of Central Greece, Brennus' forces suffer heavy losses while trying to break through the Greek defence comprising the Phocians and the Aetolians. Eventually Brennus finds a way around the pass but the Greeks escape by sea. Brennus pushes on to Delphi where he is defeated and forced to retreat, after which he dies of wounds sustained in the battle. His army falls back to the river Spercheios where it is routed by Thessalians and Malians. Some of the survivors settle in a part of Asia Minor that will eventually be called Galatia, while some settle in Thrace, founding a short-lived city-state named Tylis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1226777989#Greece", "title": "279 BC", "revid": 1226777989, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -215, "year_label": "216 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Roman historian Quintus Fabius Pictor is sent to Delphi in Greece to consult the Oracle for advice about what Rome should do after its defeat in the Battle of Cannae.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336012311#Roman_Republic", "title": "216 BC", "revid": 1336012311, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -171, "year_label": "172 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Eumenes II of Pergamum travels to Rome to warn the Roman Senate of the danger from Perseus of Macedon. On his return from Rome, Eumenes II is nearly killed at Delphi and Perseus is suspected of being the instigator.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370481117#Greece", "title": "172 BC", "revid": 1370481117, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -137, "year_label": "138 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Hymn to Apollo is written and inscribed on stone in Delphi; it is the earliest surviving notated music, in a substantial and legible fragment, in the western world.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361991985#Arts_and_sciences", "title": "138 BC", "revid": 1361991985, "section": "Events › By topic › Arts and sciences"}}]}