{"slug": "cyrene-libya", "label": "Cyrene, Libya", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrene%2C_Libya", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44112", "qid": "Q44112", "description": "ancient Greek and Roman city near present-day Shahhat, Libya", "entries": 20, "years": 20, "span": [-630, 681], "span_label": ["631 BCE", "681 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Cyrenaean", "Cyrene (Libya)"], "related": [{"slug": "cyrenaica", "label": "Cyrenaica", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "ptolemy-i-soter", "label": "Ptolemy I Soter", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "nile", "label": "Nile", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "alexander-the-great", "label": "Alexander the Great", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ancient-egypt", "label": "Ancient Egypt", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sasanian-empire", "label": "Sasanian Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantinesasanian-war-of-602628", "label": "Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "diocese-of-egypt", "label": "Diocese of Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "shahrbaraz", "label": "Shahrbaraz", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alexander-iv-of-macedon", "label": "Alexander IV of Macedon", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -630, "year_label": "631 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Cyrene, a Greek colony in present-day Libya, North Africa, is founded by emigrants from the island of Thera (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371149156#Events", "title": "631 BC", "revid": 1371149156, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -559, "year_label": "560 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Battus II of Cyrene, Greek king of Cyrene and Cyrenaica", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321464048#Deaths", "title": "560 BC", "revid": 1321464048, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -549, "year_label": "550 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Arcesilaus II of Cyrene, the fourth Greek Cyrenaean King and a member of the Battiad dynasty; he was strangled by Learchus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356470815#Deaths", "title": "550 BC", "revid": 1356470815, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -514, "year_label": "515 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Pheretima (Cyrenaean Queen), wife of the Greek Cyrenaean King Battus III and the last recorded queen of the Battiad dynasty in Cyrenaica", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129116#Deaths", "title": "515 BC", "revid": 1350129116, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -359, "year_label": "360 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "The King of Sparta, Agesilaus II, dies at Cyrene, Cyrenaica, on his way home to Greece from Egypt. He is succeeded by his son Archidamus III as Eurypontid king of Sparta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1141894957#Greece", "title": "360 BC", "revid": 1141894957, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -330, "year_label": "331 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Late January – Alexander the Great travels with a small bodyguard (among them is the future Egyptian ruler Ptolemy I Soter) along the coastal road of Egypt and reaches the settlement of Paraetonium on the borders of Cyrenaica. There, he receives a delegation of emissaries from Cyrene, who grants him a number of gifts including fine horses and chariots. Alexander concludes a treaty of peace and alliance with them. He turns inland from the Mediterranean and travels through the Libyan Desert to the Siwah Oasis, which he reaches in late February. Alexander consults the famous oracle and is pronounced the son of Zeus-Ammon as his true father.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1210205718#Macedonia", "title": "331 BC", "revid": 1210205718, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonia"}}, {"year": -320, "year_label": "321 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The key remaining generals (diadochi) of the late Alexander the Great agree to the Partition of Triparadisus (a town in northern Syria). This is a power-sharing agreement providing for a new regent to replace Perdiccas and it repartitions the satrapies of the empire that has been created by Alexander the Great. It follows but modifies the Partition of Babylon made two years earlier following the death of Alexander the Great. Under the agreement, Antipater becomes the regent of the Macedonian Empire on behalf of the two kings: the intellectually disabled Philip III Arrhidaeus and the infant Alexander IV of Macedon while Ptolemy is confirmed in possession of Egypt and Cyrene.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359962346#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "321 BC", "revid": 1359962346, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -312, "year_label": "313 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A revolt in Cyrene is also crushed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300255025#Egypt", "title": "313 BC", "revid": 1300255025, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -311, "year_label": "312 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The people of Cyrene in the Cyrenaica rise up in a revolt against Ptolemy, putting the Ptolemaic garrison, which occupies their citadel, under siege. After they execute Ptolemy's envoys, who came to bade them to cease their sedition, he sends Agis (one of his generals) with an army and Epaunetus (another general) with a fleet to put down the rebellion. Agis storms the city, captures the rebels, and sends the ringleaders to Alexandria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172925#Cyrenaica", "title": "312 BC", "revid": 1354172925, "section": "Events › By place › Cyrenaica"}}, {"year": -307, "year_label": "308 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Agathocles sends Orthon the Syracusan to Cyrene to request aid in subduing Carthage from Ophellas (Ptolemy's governor of Cyrenaica).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358626493#North_Africa", "title": "308 BC", "revid": 1358626493, "section": "Events › By place › North Africa"}}, {"year": -259, "year_label": "260 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Callimachus of Cyrene, learned poet and grammarian, becomes chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948890#Egypt", "title": "260 BC", "revid": 1325948890, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -249, "year_label": "250 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Following the death of the King of Cyrene, Magas, Queen Apama II, Magas' widow, and Antigonus II arrange the marriage of Antigonus' half-brother Demetrius the Fair to Berenice of Cyrene, daughter of Magas and Apama. However, when Demetrius the Fair arrives, Apama becomes his lover. In response, Berenice leads an uprising in which Demetrius is killed in Apama's bedroom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278897656#Egypt", "title": "250 BC", "revid": 1278897656, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -245, "year_label": "246 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Egypt's Ptolemy II dies and is succeeded by his son, Ptolemy III. At the time of Ptolemy II's death, Egypt comprises the ancient kingdom of Egypt in the Nile Valley, Cyrene, Judea and the coast of southern Syria, Cyprus and a number of cities on the shores and islands of the Aegean Sea. The Macedonian Ptolemies maintain their authority over their territories with a small mercenary army made up of Macedonians and other Greeks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358219611#Egypt", "title": "246 BC", "revid": 1358219611, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -244, "year_label": "245 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Following a long engagement, Ptolemy III marries Berenice II, the daughter of Magas, king of Cyrene; thereby reuniting Egypt and Cyrenaica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172724#Egypt", "title": "245 BC", "revid": 1354172724, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -192, "year_label": "193 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Carneades of Cyrene moves to Athens to found the third or new Academy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1213018923#Greece", "title": "193 BC", "revid": 1213018923, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -73, "year_label": "74 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Cyrene becomes a Roman province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373138869#Roman_Republic", "title": "74 BC", "revid": 1373138869, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -29, "year_label": "30 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Cornelius Gallus lands in Cyrene and occupies Paraetonium. Mark Antony storms the city walls and blockades the harbour, then retreats with his army (7 legions) to Egypt and receives the news that Pelusium has opened its gates to Octavian without resistance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357307367#Roman_Republic", "title": "30 BC", "revid": 1357307367, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 262, "year_label": "262 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "An earthquake strikes Ephesus and Pergamon and another strikes Cyrene.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325890529#Roman_Empire", "title": "262", "revid": 1325890529, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 618, "year_label": "618 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Sassanian War: A Persian expeditionary force under Shahrbaraz invades Egypt, and occupies the province. After defeating the Byzantine garrisons in the Nile Valley, the Persians march across the Libyan Desert as far as Cyrene.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340802929#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "618", "revid": 1340802929, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 681, "year_label": "681 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A Muslim Arab army led by Uqba ibn Nafi reaches Morocco, before being forced back into Cyrene by the Berbers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367426529#Arabian_Empire", "title": "681", "revid": 1367426529, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}]}