{"slug": "cork-city", "label": "Cork (city)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_%28city%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36647", "qid": "Q36647", "description": "city in County Cork, Munster Province, Ireland", "entries": 44, "years": 36, "span": [1171, 1931], "span_label": ["1171 CE", "1931 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 11}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 6}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 3}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Cork City", "Cork city", "Cork, Ireland"], "related": [{"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "english-channel", "label": "English Channel", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "munster", "label": "Munster", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "perkin-warbeck", "label": "Perkin Warbeck", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "july", "label": "July", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "leinster", "label": "Leinster", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "henry-ii-of-england", "label": "Henry II of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "richard-de-clare-2nd-earl-of-pembroke", "label": "Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "george-iii", "label": "George III", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1171, "year_label": "1171 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July", "text": "July – King Henry II decides to lead a military expedition to Ireland and summons Richard de Clare (Strongbow) to join forces. In September, Richard travels to England and promises his loyalty to Henry. He is granted Leinster as a fiefdom and is honored with the post of \"royal constable in Ireland\". The army is assembled at Pembroke – several siege towers are shipped over, should Henry need to assault the Norman-held towns (or others such as Cork and Limerick).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362165802#Britain", "title": "1171", "revid": 1362165802, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1185, "year_label": "1185 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Cork charter is granted by Prince John.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318602311#Events", "title": "1185 in Ireland", "revid": 1318602311, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1318, "year_label": "1318 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Cork City was given an English Royal Charter and for many centuries was an outpost of Old English culture.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360450693#Events", "title": "1318 in Ireland", "revid": 1360450693, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1446, "year_label": "1446 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The construction of Blarney Castle is begun, near Cork", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318941617#Events", "title": "1446 in Ireland", "revid": 1318941617, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1491, "year_label": "1491 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November", "text": "November – pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck arrives in Cork. He wins some support for his cause from James FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Desmond, but Henry VII of England sends James Ormonde with troops to defend the territory and suspends Desmond's cousin, Gerald Mór FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, from his office of Deputy Lieutenant of Ireland for being implicated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318939928#Events", "title": "1491 in Ireland", "revid": 1318939928, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1492, "year_label": "1492 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March", "text": "March – pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck is brought from Cork to Harfleur by the fleet of Charles VIII of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318939962#Events", "title": "1492 in Ireland", "revid": 1318939962, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1500, "year_label": "1500 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare suppressed an uprising in Cork. The mayor was hung as a result of the retaliation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1310910148#Events", "title": "1500 in Ireland", "revid": 1310910148, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1574, "year_label": "1574 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2 – Desmond submits to William FitzWilliam (Lord Deputy) at Cork following a month's campaign in Munster during which his castle at Derinlaur has been taken.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247428788#Events", "title": "1574 in Ireland", "revid": 1247428788, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1575, "year_label": "1575 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 16", "text": "March 16 – Edmund O'Donnell is hanged, drawn and quartered in Cork as a traitor, the first Jesuit executed by the English government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323611124#Events", "title": "1575 in Ireland", "revid": 1323611124, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1582, "year_label": "1582 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April", "text": "April – after three years of scorched earth warfare, the provost marshal of Munster, Sir Warham St Leger, estimates that 30,000 people died of famine in his province during the previous six months and hundreds are dying in Cork.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247428564#Events", "title": "1582 in Ireland", "revid": 1247428564, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1621, "year_label": "1621 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 12", "text": "12 October: battle of starlings: two flocks of the birds gathered over the city of Cork and prepared for war like two trained armies before violently clashing. The attacks continued all day before a two-day recess until the fighting resumed. The fierce battle left the city deluged by broken wings and dead birds.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323613310#Events", "title": "1621 in Ireland", "revid": 1323613310, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July", "text": "July – Battle of Liscarroll: Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin, leading an English force, routs an Irish rebel army under Garret Barry advancing on Cork.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340290051#Events", "title": "1642 in Ireland", "revid": 1340290051, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "William Penn attends meetings of the Quakers in Cork, marking his conversion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247387459#Events", "title": "1667 in Ireland", "revid": 1247387459, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 12", "text": "12 March – start of the Williamite War in Ireland: James II lands at Kinsale with 6,000 French soldiers, is met by Major-General McCarthy and marches for Dublin. He is joined by the Earl of Tyrconnel with Irish Catholic troops at Cork on 14 March.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366636271#Events", "title": "1689 in Ireland", "revid": 1366636271, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1736, "year_label": "1736 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – act of the Parliament of Ireland for rebuilding Saint Finbar's Cathedral and erecting a workhouse in Cork.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247386319#Events", "title": "1736 in Ireland", "revid": 1247386319, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1744, "year_label": "1744 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 6", "text": "6 December – first performance of Handel's Irish-premiered oratorio Messiah in Cork, at St. Finbarr's Cathedral.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1277895272#Arts_and_literature", "title": "1744 in Ireland", "revid": 1277895272, "section": "Arts and literature"}}, {"year": 1788, "year_label": "1788 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 1", "text": "1 August – English Market in Cork is opened.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247385558#Events", "title": "1788 in Ireland", "revid": 1247385558, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Beamish and Crawford's 'Cork Porter Brewery' is established when William Beamish and William Crawford purchase an existing brewery (from Edward Allen) on a site in Cramer's Lane used for brewing since at least the 17th century.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278431728#Events", "title": "1792 in Ireland", "revid": 1278431728, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1800, "year_label": "1800 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Dr. John Milner Barry introduces vaccination in Cork.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333979549#Events", "title": "1800 in Ireland", "revid": 1333979549, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1802, "year_label": "1802 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Cork Fever Hospital and House of Recovery founded by Dr. John Milner Barry in Cork.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349398472#Events", "title": "1802 in Ireland", "revid": 1349398472, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1802, "year_label": "1802 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May", "text": "May – Amelia, commanded by William Proby, Lord Proby sails to Cork, Waterford and Dublin to land 150 discharged seaman.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349398472#Events", "title": "1802 in Ireland", "revid": 1349398472, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1805, "year_label": "1805 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 31", "text": "August 31 – British Army General David Baird departs from Cork, leading an expedition to capture the Cape of Good Hope. Their ship arrives on January 4.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357161554#July–September", "title": "1805", "revid": 1357161554, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1806, "year_label": "1806 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 27", "text": "27 April – The Ferret arrives in London with Te Mahanga (Moehanga) aboard. He is the first Māori known to have visited England. In London he is rejoined by John Savage who left the ship at Cork. While in London Te Mahanga meets King George III and Queen Charlotte.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368078769#Events", "title": "1806 in New Zealand", "revid": 1368078769, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1809, "year_label": "1809 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The first Roman Catholic Magdalene asylum in Ireland is opened in Cork.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1299129714#Events", "title": "1809 in Ireland", "revid": 1299129714, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1820, "year_label": "1820 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "May 25", "text": "25 May – failure of Roche's Bank and stoppage of Leslie's Bank in Cork.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247384952#Events", "title": "1820 in Ireland", "revid": 1247384952, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1820, "year_label": "1820 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 3", "text": "3 June – the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St Mary and St Anne in Cork is largely destroyed by arson.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247384952#Events", "title": "1820 in Ireland", "revid": 1247384952, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1823, "year_label": "1823 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October", "text": "October – HMS Essex, a former American frigate of 1799, is hulked at Cork to serve as a prison ship; from 1824 to 1834 she serves in this capacity at Kingstown.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368810009#Events", "title": "1823 in Ireland", "revid": 1368810009, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1835, "year_label": "1835 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – At least 224 people, most of them female convicts being transported from Cork, Ireland, to Australia, are drowned when the British barque Neva is wrecked in the Bass Strait. Only 15 people survive.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364866184#April–June", "title": "1835", "revid": 1364866184, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1835, "year_label": "1835 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 13", "text": "13 May – British barque Neva, transporting female convicts from Cork, Ireland, is wrecked in the Bass Strait with the loss of 224 people and only 15 survivors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1241089108#Events", "title": "1835 in Australia", "revid": 1241089108, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1835, "year_label": "1835 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – British barque Neva, transporting female convicts from Cork to Australia, is wrecked in the Bass Strait with the loss of 224 people and only 15 survivors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372669632#Events", "title": "1835 in Ireland", "revid": 1372669632, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "4–22 April – the paddle steamer SS Sirius (1837) makes the Transatlantic Crossing to New York from Cork in eighteen days, though not using steam continuously.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336762038#Events", "title": "1838 in Ireland", "revid": 1336762038, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Foundation of a temperance society in Cork known as the Knights of Father Mathew by Theobald Mathew, a capuchin friar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336762038#Events", "title": "1838 in Ireland", "revid": 1336762038, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4–22 – The paddle steamer SS Sirius makes the transatlantic crossing to New York from Cork, Ireland in 18 days, though not using steam continuously.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360381946#April–June", "title": "1838", "revid": 1360381946, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1847, "year_label": "1847 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 12", "text": "12 April – the Massachusetts Donation of 1847 arrives at Cork on USS Jamestown.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360407146#Events", "title": "1847 in Ireland", "revid": 1360407146, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 30", "text": "30 March – The paddle steamer RMS Royal Adelaide, bound from Cork to London, sinks off Margate with the loss of all 250 on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365774110#Events", "title": "1850 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1365774110, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – The paddle steamer RMS Royal Adelaide, bound from Cork to London, is wrecked in the English Channel with the loss of all 250 on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365770371#January–March", "title": "1850", "revid": 1365770371, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 31", "text": "31 March – the paddle steamer RMS Royal Adelaide, bound from Cork to London, sinks in the English Channel with the loss of all 250 on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333979579#Events", "title": "1850 in Ireland", "revid": 1333979579, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1852, "year_label": "1852 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Eglington Pauper Lunatic Asylum opened in Cork.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363475327#Events", "title": "1852 in Ireland", "revid": 1363475327, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January", "text": "January – American transport entrepreneur George Francis Train is arrested in Cork for debt and spends much of the year imprisoned in Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363475413#Events", "title": "1868 in Ireland", "revid": 1363475413, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1870, "year_label": "1870 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "First service is held in the new Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral, Cork (Church of Ireland).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363468887#Events", "title": "1870 in Ireland", "revid": 1363468887, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "The Barry's Tea company was founded in Cork.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360902362#Events", "title": "1901 in Ireland", "revid": 1360902362, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1916, "year_label": "1916 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 5", "text": "November 5 – Honan Chapel, Cork, Ireland, a product of the Irish Arts and Crafts movement (1894–1925), is dedicated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519106#November", "title": "1916", "revid": 1373519106, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1920, "year_label": "1920 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 11", "text": "December 11 – Burning of Cork in Ireland: British forces set fire to some 5 acres of the centre of Cork, including the City Hall, in reprisal attacks, after a British auxiliary is killed in a guerilla ambush.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369258210#December", "title": "1920", "revid": 1369258210, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "April 3", "text": "3 April – persistent rainfall causes the banks of the River Lee to burst. Half the houses in Cork are flooded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349087160#Events", "title": "1931 in Ireland", "revid": 1349087160, "section": "Events"}}]}