{"slug": "corfu", "label": "Corfu", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corfu", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121378", "qid": "Q121378", "description": "Greek island in the Ionian Sea", "entries": 26, "years": 26, "span": [-663, 1797], "span_label": ["664 BCE", "1797 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 14}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Corcyra", "Corcyraeans"], "related": [{"slug": "ancient-corinth", "label": "Ancient Corinth", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "durres", "label": "Durrës", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "illyria", "label": "Illyria", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "apollonia-illyria", "label": "Apollonia (Illyria)", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "cephalonia", "label": "Cephalonia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ionian-islands", "label": "Ionian Islands", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "roger-ii-of-sicily", "label": "Roger II of Sicily", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "normans", "label": "Normans", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "albania", "label": "Albania", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -663, "year_label": "664 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "First naval battle in Greek recorded history, between Corinth and Corcyra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510244#Events", "title": "664 BC", "revid": 1370510244, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -599, "year_label": "600 BCE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The Temple of Artemis, Korkyra in Corfu begins to be built (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372139014#Art_and_architecture", "title": "600 BC", "revid": 1372139014, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and architecture"}}, {"year": -434, "year_label": "435 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "A dispute arises between Epidamnus' oligarchs and democratic forces in the Greek colony. Most of the colony's inhabitants originate from Corinth or Corcyra (Corfu). Epidamnus' oligarchs are exiled and then appeal to Corcyra for help, while the democrats enlist the support of Corinth. Corcyra is then attacked by Corinth as the dispute heats up.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172915#Greece", "title": "435 BC", "revid": 1354172915, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -432, "year_label": "433 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Pericles concludes a defensive alliance with Corcyra (Corfu), the strong naval power in the Ionian Sea, which is the bitter enemy of Corinth. As a result, Athens intervenes in the dispute between Corinth and Corcyra, and, at the Battle of Sybota, a small contingent of Athenian ships play a critical role in preventing a Corinthian fleet from capturing Corcyra. Following this, Athens places Potidaea, a tributary ally of Athens but a colony of Corinth, under siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354173211#Greece", "title": "433 BC", "revid": 1354173211, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -427, "year_label": "428 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Despite encouragement from the Ionian leaders to engage the Athenians, Alcidas declines. Rather, Alcidas leads his fleet to Cyllene where the Spartans resolve to strengthen the fleet and send it to Corcyra where a revolution has broken out. Spartan leaders, Brasidas and Alcidas, then defeat a fleet of Corcyran ships. However, they retire when word reaches them that 60 Athenian ships from Leucas under the command of Eurymedon have been dispatched to intercept them.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1151725633#Greece", "title": "428 BC", "revid": 1151725633, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -426, "year_label": "427 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The civil war in Corcyra, in which the Athenians and the Spartans have interfered ineffectually, results in a victory of the democrats (who support an alliance with Athens) over the oligarchs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1210114491#Greece", "title": "427 BC", "revid": 1210114491, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -409, "year_label": "410 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "An Oligarchic revolt in Corcyra is unsuccessful.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1239404382#Greece", "title": "410 BC", "revid": 1239404382, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -372, "year_label": "373 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Iphicrates leads an Athenian expedition which successfully relieves Corcyra of a Spartan siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1080639284#Greece", "title": "373 BC", "revid": 1080639284, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -311, "year_label": "312 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Corcyraeans come to the aid of Apollonia and Epidamus and help the Apollonians and the people of Epidamus to remove the garrisons Cassander put there. They free Apollonia, but give the city of Epidamus to the Illyrian king Glaucias.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172925#Greece/Macedon/Thrace", "title": "312 BC", "revid": 1354172925, "section": "Events › By place › Greece/Macedon/Thrace"}}, {"year": -229, "year_label": "230 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "With Roman merchants being killed by the Illyrian pirates, envoys are sent by Rome to Illyria. After the Roman ambassador Lucius Coruncanius and the Issaean ambassador Cleemporus are murdered at sea by Illyrian soldiers after causing offence to Queen Teuta, Roman forces occupy the island of Corcyra with the aim of humbling Teuta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1304215922#Roman_Republic", "title": "230 BC", "revid": 1304215922, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -228, "year_label": "229 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The First Illyrian War started when the Roman Senate dispatched an army under the command of the consuls Lucius Postumius Albinus and Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus to Illyria. Rome forced the withdrawal of Illyrian garrisons in the Greek cities of Epidamnus, Apollonia, Corcyra and Pharos and establishes a protectorate over these Greek towns.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1205848400#Illyria", "title": "229 BC", "revid": 1205848400, "section": "Events › By place › Illyria"}}, {"year": -214, "year_label": "215 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Philip V of Macedon and Hannibal negotiate an alliance under which they pledge mutual support and defence. Specifically, they agree to support each other against Rome, and that Hannibal shall have the right to make peace with Rome, but that any peace would include Philip and that Rome would be forced to give up control of Corcyra, Apollonia, Epidamnus, Pharos, Dimale, Parthini and Atintania and to restore to Demetrius of Pharos all his lands currently controlled by Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337286145#Greece", "title": "215 BC", "revid": 1337286145, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -209, "year_label": "210 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "After allying with Hannibal, Philip V of Macedon attacks the Roman positions in Illyria, but fails to take Corcyra or Apollonia, which are protected by the Roman fleet. Rome's command of the sea prevents his lending any effective aid to his Carthaginian ally in Italy. The Aetolians, Sparta and King Attalus of Pergamum join the Romans in the war against Philip V. This coalition is so strong that Philip V has to stop attacking Roman territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1254970145#Greece", "title": "210 BC", "revid": 1254970145, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": 1081, "year_label": "1081 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – Battle of Dyrrhachium: After taking the island of Corfu, Robert Guiscard advances to Dyrrhachium (modern-day Durrës), and lays siege to the city. Alexios I Komnenos attempts to defend Illyria from the Normans (the first recorded mention of Albania), but is defeated by Guiscard, outside Dyrrhachium, the Byzantine capital city of Illyria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1312347020#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1081", "revid": 1312347020, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1084, "year_label": "1084 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Robert Guiscard returns with 150 warships in Illyria (modern Albania), and occupies Corfu and Kefalonia with the support of Ragusa and the Dalmatian city-states.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267072083#Europe", "title": "1084", "revid": 1267072083, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1085, "year_label": "1085 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Robert Guiscard heads for the Ionian Islands despite an epidemic among troops on Corfu. His son, Roger Borsa, lands on Cephalonia but Guiscard falls sick as his ship approaches the northernmost headland and is carried ashore, where he dies of fever (on July 17).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362159073#Europe", "title": "1085", "revid": 1362159073, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1122, "year_label": "1122 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – A Venetian fleet under Doge Domenico Michiel with well over a hundred ships sets sail from Venice, carrying an army of around 15,000 men and siege-material on the Venetian Crusade. The fleet departs for Palestine – but the Venetians pause to attack Corfu (this in retaliation for the refusal of John II to renew exclusive trading privileges). For six months, throughout the winter of 1122–23, the Venetians lay siege to the Byzantine island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373038979#Europe", "title": "1122", "revid": 1373038979, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1123, "year_label": "1123 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 18", "text": "April 18 – King Baldwin II of Jerusalem is captured by Turkish forces under Belek Ghazi – while preparing to practice falconry near Gargar on the Euphrates. Most of the Crusader army is massacred, and Baldwin is taken to the castle at Kharput. To save the situation the Venetians are asked to help. Doge Domenico Michiel lifts the siege of Corfu (see 1122) and takes his fleet to Acre, arriving at the port in the end of May.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532227#April–June", "title": "1123", "revid": 1366532227, "section": "Events › By date › April–June"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A Sicilian fleet (some 70 ships) under George of Antioch attacks Corfu, the island surrenders and welcomes the Normans as their liberators. Leaving a garrison of 1,000 men, George sails to the Peloponnesus. He pillages the cities of Corinth, Athens and Thebes. King Roger II begins an 11-year war between Sicily and the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Europe", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1149, "year_label": "1149 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Manuel I Komnenos recovers Corfu with the help of the Venetians, who defeat the Sicilian fleet. During the three-month siege, Byzantine admiral Stephen Kontostephanos is killed by a stone thrown by a catapult. Manuel prepares an offensive against the Normans; King Roger II sends a fleet (some 40 ships) under George of Antioch, to pillage the suburbs of Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184526#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1149", "revid": 1369184526, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1203, "year_label": "1203 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 – The Crusader army evacuates Zara (modern Zadar) and sets sail to Corfu; Boniface of Montferrat and Doge Enrico Dandolo stay behind to await Prince Alexios Angelos. After a brief pause at Durrës (modern Albania), the fleet reaches Corfu. Meanwhile, news of its approach (through spies) has reached Emperor Alexios III Angelos at Constantinople. He gives order to strengthen the city walls and the fortifications.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187440#Fourth_Crusade", "title": "1203", "revid": 1369187440, "section": "Events › By place › Fourth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1257, "year_label": "1257 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Epirote–Nicaean conflict (1257–59) begins between the Despotate of Epirus and the Empire of Nicaea. Despot Michael II Komnenos Doukas revolts and defeats the Nicaean army under George Akropolites. The Epirote and Serbian forces join their attacks against Michael, who sends his forces into Macedonia and marches on to Thessalonica. In response, Michael is attacked – on the west coast of Epirus – by Manfred of Sicily. Manfred first occupies the major Ionian Islands, including Corfu. Then he lands on the Albanian coast and takes Durazzo, Berat, Valona and their environs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350011805#Europe", "title": "1257", "revid": 1350011805, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1310, "year_label": "1310 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Count Charles of Valois founds the Diocese of Corfu, Zakynthos and Cephalonia with its seat in Corfu. It is, comprising the Ionian Islands of Corfu, Zakynthos and Cephalonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018292#Europe", "title": "1310", "revid": 1332018292, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1386, "year_label": "1386 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – The Republic of Venice takes control of the island of Corfu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359789728#January–March", "title": "1386", "revid": 1359789728, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1789, "year_label": "1789 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 11", "text": "March 11 – The Venetian arsenal on the island of Corfu, containing 72,000 lb of gunpowder and 600 bombshells, explodes during a fire, killing 180 bystanders and knocking down a seawall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818853#January–March", "title": "1789", "revid": 1368818853, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1797, "year_label": "1797 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – French troops disembark in Corfu, beginning the First period of French rule in the Ionian Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310974#April–June", "title": "1797", "revid": 1368310974, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}