{"slug": "city-of-london", "label": "City of London", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_London", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23311", "qid": "Q23311", "description": "central business district of London, England", "entries": 24, "years": 19, "span": [1210, 1890], "span_label": ["1210 CE", "1890 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 7}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 6}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 6}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "old-st-paul-s-cathedral", "label": "Old St Paul's Cathedral", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "john-wesley", "label": "John Wesley", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "moravian-church", "label": "Moravian Church", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "methodism", "label": "Methodism", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "scotland", "label": "Scotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "william-iii-of-england", "label": "William III of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mary-ii", "label": "Mary II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "archbishop-of-canterbury", "label": "Archbishop of Canterbury", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thomas-cranmer", "label": "Thomas Cranmer", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tower-hill", "label": "Tower Hill", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1210, "year_label": "1210 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The church of St Helen's Bishopsgate in the City of London is founded, as a priory of Benedictine nuns.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321284058#Religion", "title": "1210", "revid": 1321284058, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1272, "year_label": "1272 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Worshipful Company of Cordwainers and Curriers are granted rights to regulate the leather trade in the City of London. The Fishmongers Company receive its first Royal Charter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362176275#England", "title": "1272", "revid": 1362176275, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1403, "year_label": "1403 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "A guild of stationers is founded in the City of London. As the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers (the \"Stationers' Company\"), it continues to be a livery company in the 21st century.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593649#Date_unknown", "title": "1403", "revid": 1371593649, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1428, "year_label": "1428 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "A serious fire occurs at Baynard's Castle in the City of London, England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359832254#Date_unknown", "title": "1428", "revid": 1359832254, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1510, "year_label": "1510 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 3", "text": "September 3 – Sir Thomas More becomes undersheriff of the City of London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366972051#July–September", "title": "1510", "revid": 1366972051, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1553, "year_label": "1553 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – Lady Jane Grey, who had claimed the title of Queen of England for nine days, is convicted of high treason, along with her husband Lord Guilford Dudley, two of Dudley's brothers, and Thomas Cranmer, the former Archbishop of Canterbury, after trial conducted by a special commission at Guildhall in the City of London. Referred to by the court as \"Jane Dudley, wife of Guildford\", Lady Jane is found to have treacherously assumed the title and the power of the monarch of England, as evidenced by a number of documents she had signed as \"Jane the Quene\". All five defendants are sentenced to death. Beheading is the sentence for the men, while Lady Jane is to either be \"burned alive on Tower Hill or beheaded as the Queen pleases\", with the decision (for a private decapitation) to be made by Queen Mary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362480437#October–December", "title": "1553", "revid": 1362480437, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1561, "year_label": "1561 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Merchant Taylors' School is founded in the City of London by Sir Thomas White, Sir Richard Hilles, Emanuel Lucar, and Stephen Hales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358043209#Date_unknown", "title": "1561", "revid": 1358043209, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1561, "year_label": "1561 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – The spire of Old St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London catches fire and crashes through the nave roof, probably as the result of a lightning strike. The spire is not rebuilt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358043209#April–June", "title": "1561", "revid": 1358043209, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1609, "year_label": "1609 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "(July) The King submits Motives and Reasons to induce the City of London to undertake the Plantation in the North of Ireland to the City of London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247388411#Events", "title": "1609 in Ireland", "revid": 1247388411, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1647, "year_label": "1647 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 7", "text": "7 August – Oliver Cromwell takes control of Parliament with the New Model Army, an attempt by Presbyterian MPs to raise the City of London having been unsuccessful.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737212#Events", "title": "1647 in England", "revid": 1353737212, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1656, "year_label": "1656 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May", "text": "May – first performance of The Siege of Rhodes, Part I, by Sir William Davenant (with music by Henry Lawes, Matthew Locke, Captain Cooke and others) the first English opera (under the guise of a recitative), in a private theatre at his home, Rutland House, in the City of London. This also includes the innovative use of painted backdrops and the appearance of England's first professional actress, Mrs. Coleman.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360060788#Events", "title": "1656 in England", "revid": 1360060788, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1666, "year_label": "1666 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "2–5 September – Great Fire of London: A large fire breaks out in the City of London in the house of baker Thomas Farriner on Pudding Lane near London Bridge. The fire destroys more than 13,000 buildings including Old St Paul's Cathedral but only 6 people are known to have died.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737369#Events", "title": "1666 in England", "revid": 1353737369, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1672, "year_label": "1672 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Rebuilding begins of St Stephen Walbrook church in the City of London, designed by Christopher Wren.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737432#Undated", "title": "1672 in England", "revid": 1353737432, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 13", "text": "13 February – William III and Mary II are proclaimed co-rulers of England, Scotland and Ireland in a ceremony at the Guildhall in the City of London but are not yet recognised in Scotland or Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369556259#Events", "title": "1689 in England", "revid": 1369556259, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 3", "text": "September 3–12 – Messengers from over 100 Baptist churches assemble in the City of London to discuss and endorse the 1677 document that will become known as the 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365638130#July–September", "title": "1689", "revid": 1365638130, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1690, "year_label": "1690 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – The first recorded full peal is rung, at St Sepulchre-without-Newgate in the City of London, marking a new era in change ringing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369486553#January–March", "title": "1690", "revid": 1369486553, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1690, "year_label": "1690 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "January 7", "text": "7 January – The first recorded full peal is rung, at St Sepulchre-without-Newgate in the City of London, marking a new era in change ringing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737671#Events", "title": "1690 in England", "revid": 1353737671, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1702, "year_label": "1702 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 22", "text": "March 22 (March 11 Old Style) – The first regular English-language national newspaper, The Daily Courant, begins publication on Fleet Street in the City of London, initially by Elizabeth Mallet; it covers only foreign news.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362986314#January–March", "title": "1702", "revid": 1362986314, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1738, "year_label": "1738 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – John Wesley, newly returned from America, experiences a spiritual rebirth at a Moravian Church meeting in Aldersgate, in the City of London, essentially launching the Methodist movement; the day is celebrated annually by Methodists as Aldersgate Day (his younger brother Charles had a similar experience three days earlier).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363165384#April–June", "title": "1738", "revid": 1363165384, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1738, "year_label": "1738 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 24", "text": "24 May – John Wesley, newly returned from America, experiences a spiritual rebirth at a Moravian Church meeting in Aldersgate in the City of London, essentially launching the Methodist movement; the day is celebrated annually by Methodists as Aldersgate Day. His younger brother Charles had a similar experience three days earlier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1237000775#Events", "title": "1738 in Great Britain", "revid": 1237000775, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1748, "year_label": "1748 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – A fire in the City of London starts at Change Alley in Cornhill and continues for two days. Dr. Samuel Johnson later writes, \"The conflagration of a city, with all its turmoil and concominant distress, is one of the most dreadful spectacles which this world can afford to human eyes\". Another history notes more than a century later that \"the fire led to a great increase in the practice of fire insurance\", after the blaze causes more than £1,000,000 worth of damage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361284371#January–March", "title": "1748", "revid": 1361284371, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1748, "year_label": "1748 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 28", "text": "28 March – a fire in the City of London causes over a million pounds worth of damage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1282508078#Events", "title": "1748 in Great Britain", "revid": 1282508078, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 12", "text": "12 February – A fire destroys the Custom House in the City of London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358089664#February", "title": "1814 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1358089664, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1890, "year_label": "1890 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "November 4", "text": "4 November – London's City & South London Railway, the first deep-level underground railway in the world, opens. It runs a distance of 5.1 km between the City of London and Stockwell.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336741555#Events", "title": "1890 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1336741555, "section": "Events"}}]}