{"slug": "church-of-england", "label": "Church of England", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82708", "qid": "Q82708", "description": "Christian church in England and the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion", "entries": 42, "years": 35, "span": [680, 2024], "span_label": ["680 CE", "2024 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 28}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "archbishop-of-canterbury", "label": "Archbishop of Canterbury", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "henry-viii", "label": "Henry VIII", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "james-ii-of-england", "label": "James II of England", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "elizabeth-i", "label": "Elizabeth I", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "tower-of-london", "label": "Tower of London", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "anglicanism", "label": "Anglicanism", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-catholic-church", "label": "Roman Catholic Church", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "parliament-of-england", "label": "Parliament of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "westminster-abbey", "label": "Westminster Abbey", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charles-i-of-england", "label": "Charles I of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "book-of-common-prayer", "label": "Book of Common Prayer", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 680, "year_label": "680 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – Theodore of Tarsus, archbishop of Canterbury, convenes a synod at Hatfield that clears the English Church from any association with the heresy of monothelitism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331672551#Religion", "title": "680", "revid": 1331672551, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1072, "year_label": "1072 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – The Accord of Winchester establishes the primacy of the Archbishop of Canterbury over the Archbishop of York, in the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332932811#Britain", "title": "1072", "revid": 1332932811, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1508, "year_label": "1508 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – England is left without a Roman Catholic Cardinal protector when Cardinal Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere dies suddenly. England's King Henry VII dies seven months later before the monarchy and the Pope can agree on a new cardinal protector. The King's successor, Henry VIII, later abolishes the office entirely after Lorenzo Campeggio dies in the course of the English Reformation and the creation of the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320572#July–September", "title": "1508", "revid": 1351320572, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1534, "year_label": "1534 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 3", "text": "November 3– The English Reformation Parliament passes the Act of Supremacy, establishing Henry VIII as supreme head of the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558671#October–December", "title": "1534", "revid": 1369558671, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1535, "year_label": "1535 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Sir Thomas More, author of Utopia and one time Lord Chancellor of England, is executed for treason, after refusing to recognize King Henry VIII as head of the English Church, and separate from the Roman Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561145#July–September", "title": "1535", "revid": 1369561145, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – The Six Articles, an Act of the Parliament of England, is given royal assent reaffirms certain Catholic principles in Henry VIII's Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#April–June", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1546, "year_label": "1546 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – Edward Whitchurch and Richard Grafton are granted the exclusive right to publish prayer books for the Church of England by order of King Henry VIII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368296265#April–June", "title": "1546", "revid": 1368296265, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1552, "year_label": "1552 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 24", "text": "November 24 – Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury and top cleric of the Church of England, delivers the proposed Forty-two Articles to the Privy Council of King Edward VI.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364394581#October–December", "title": "1552", "revid": 1364394581, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1558, "year_label": "1558 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – Queen Mary, a devout Roman Catholic dies of uterine cancer at the age of 42, and is succeeded by her younger half-sister Elizabeth, an adherent to the Protestant Church of England, beginning the Elizabethan era in British history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368141988#October–December", "title": "1558", "revid": 1368141988, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1559, "year_label": "1559 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – Queen Elizabeth I establishes the Church of England, with the Act of Uniformity 1558 and the Act of Supremacy 1558. The Oath of Supremacy is reinstated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794840#January–March", "title": "1559", "revid": 1366794840, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1559, "year_label": "1559 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – The Westminster Conference 1559 opens at Westminster Hall in London with nine leading Catholic churchmen, and nine Protestant reformers of the Church of England. The conference adjourns on April 3 for Easter and never reconvenes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794840#January–March", "title": "1559", "revid": 1366794840, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1559, "year_label": "1559 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – Queen Elizabeth I of England gives royal assent to the Act of Supremacy 1558 (requiring any person taking public or church office in England to swear allegiance to the English monarch as Supreme Governor of the Church of England) and to the Act of Uniformity 1558 (requiring all persons in England to attend Anglican services on penalty of a fine for noncompliance).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794840#April–June", "title": "1559", "revid": 1366794840, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1584, "year_label": "1584 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 16", "text": "January 16 – Roman Catholic priest George Haydock, imprisoned in the Tower of London since 1582, states during an interrogation that he claimed that Queen Elizabeth, leader of the Church of England, was a heretic. Convicted of treason, he is executed on February 12.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561067#January–March", "title": "1584", "revid": 1369561067, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1640, "year_label": "1640 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "December 11", "text": "11 December – a crowd of 1,500 Londoners presents the Root and Branch petition to the Long Parliament, calling for the abolition of episcopacy in the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366119796#Events", "title": "1640 in England", "revid": 1366119796, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1641, "year_label": "1641 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 3", "text": "May 3 – The Protestation of 1641 is passed by England's Parliament, requiring all officeholders to swear an oath of allegiance to King Charles I and to the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343658448#April–June", "title": "1641", "revid": 1343658448, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1641, "year_label": "1641 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 3", "text": "3 May – the Protestation of 1641 is passed by Parliament, requiring all officeholders to swear an oath of allegiance to the monarch and to the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737153#Events", "title": "1641 in England", "revid": 1353737153, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1643, "year_label": "1643 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – The Westminster Assembly of theologians (\"divines\") and parliamentarians is convened at Westminster Abbey with the aim of restructuring the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340617365#July–September", "title": "1643", "revid": 1340617365, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1643, "year_label": "1643 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 1", "text": "1 July – the Westminster Assembly of theologians (\"divines\") and parliamentarians is convened at Westminster Abbey with the aim of restructuring the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737179#Events", "title": "1643 in England", "revid": 1353737179, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1660, "year_label": "1660 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 19", "text": "19 May – the newly restored Church of England Convocation of the English Clergy canonises King Charles I as King Charles the Martyr and Saint Charles Stuart, the only saint formally canonised within the Anglican Communion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354345496#Events", "title": "1660 in England", "revid": 1354345496, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1661, "year_label": "1661 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 20", "text": "20 December – Parliament passes the Corporation Act 1661 restricting public office to members of the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737330#Events", "title": "1661 in England", "revid": 1353737330, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1662, "year_label": "1662 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 19", "text": "May 19 – The Act of Uniformity 1662, officially \"An Act for the uniformity of common prayer and service in the Church, and administration of the sacraments\", is given royal assent after being passed by the English Parliament to regulate the form of public prayers, sacraments, and other rites of the Church of England to conform with the newest edition of the Book of Common Prayer, the 1662 prayer book.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988036#April–June", "title": "1662", "revid": 1365988036, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1662, "year_label": "1662 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 – The Act of Uniformity goes into effect on St Bartholomew's Day, making mandatory in the Church of England the forms of worship prescribed in the new edition of the Book of Common Prayer the deadline having been set for \"every clergyman and every schoolmaster... to express, by August 24, his unfeigned consent to everything contained in the Book of Common Prayer. This is followed by the resignation of over 2,000 clergy who resign \"for conscience sake\". Those who refuse to take the required oath of conformity to the established church are subject to the Great Ejection from their jobs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988036#July–September", "title": "1662", "revid": 1365988036, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1662, "year_label": "1662 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 24", "text": "24 August – the Act of Uniformity is implemented, making mandatory in the Church of England the forms of worship prescribed in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer. This is followed by the Great Ejection of over 2000 clergy who refuse to take the required oath of conformity to the established church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737338#Events", "title": "1662 in England", "revid": 1353737338, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1673, "year_label": "1673 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – Test Act: Roman Catholics and others who refuse to receive the sacrament of the Church of England cannot vote, hold public office, preach, teach, attend the universities or assemble for meetings in England. On June 12, the king's Catholic brother, James, Duke of York, is forced to resign the office of Lord High Admiral because of the Act.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992268#January–March", "title": "1673", "revid": 1365992268, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1688, "year_label": "1688 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 4", "text": "May 4 – King James II of England orders his Declaration of Indulgence, suspending penal laws against Catholics, to be read from every Anglican pulpit in England. The Church of England and its staunchest supporters, the peers and gentry, are outraged; on June 8 the Archbishop of Canterbury, William Sancroft, is imprisoned in the Tower of London for refusing to proclaim it.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373154069#April–June", "title": "1688", "revid": 1373154069, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 18", "text": "April 18 – Boston revolt: Unpopular New England Governor Sir Edmund Andros and other officials are overthrown by a \"mob\" of Bostonians. Andros, an appointee of James II of England, is disliked for his support of the Church of England and revocation of various colonial charters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365638130#April–June", "title": "1689", "revid": 1365638130, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1704, "year_label": "1704 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 3", "text": "3 November – Queen Anne's Bounty (a fund established to augment the incomes of poorer Church of England clergy) receives a Royal Charter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737872#Events", "title": "1704 in England", "revid": 1353737872, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – Benjamin Hoadly, Bishop of Bangor, brings the Bangorian Controversy within the Church of England into the open by delivering a sermon to, and supposedly at the request of, King George I of Great Britain, on The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ with the text \"My kingdom is not of this world\" (John 18:36), concluding there is no Biblical justification for church government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366802832#January–March", "title": "1717", "revid": 1366802832, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1833, "year_label": "1833 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 14", "text": "14 July – John Keble preaches a sermon on \"National Apostasy\" (in part a protest against the Church Temporalities (Ireland) Act 1833), launching the Oxford Movement within the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333513646#Events", "title": "1833 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1333513646, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 9", "text": "December 9 – Bishop's University is founded as Bishop's College by Bishop George Jehoshaphat Mountain in Lennoxville, Quebec, for the education of members of the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366016136#October–December", "title": "1843", "revid": 1366016136, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1871, "year_label": "1871 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – The Universities Tests Act 1871 removes restrictions which have previously limited access to Oxford, Cambridge and Durham universities to members of the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368649173#April–June", "title": "1871", "revid": 1368649173, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1874, "year_label": "1874 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "August 7", "text": "7 August – Public Worship Regulation Act prohibits ritualistic practices in the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338307776#Events", "title": "1874 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1338307776, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1877, "year_label": "1877 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 30", "text": "30 April – the Diocese of St Albans is founded within the Church of England from part of the Diocese of Rochester. St Albans Abbey, which is undergoing extensive restoration at this time, is elevated to become St Albans Cathedral and on 12 June Thomas Legh Claughton is enthroned first Bishop of St Albans, an office he holds until 1890.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359215066#Events", "title": "1877 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1359215066, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1879, "year_label": "1879 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – Sidney Faithorn Green, a priest in the Church of England, is tried and convicted for using Ritualist practices.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365404244#June", "title": "1879", "revid": 1365404244, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1879, "year_label": "1879 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 14", "text": "14 June – Sidney Faithorn Green, an Anglican priest in the Church of England, is tried and convicted for using Ritualist practices.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367332703#Events", "title": "1879 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1367332703, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1881, "year_label": "1881 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – Edward Rudolf founds the 'Church of England Central Society for Providing Homes for Waifs and Strays' (later The Children's Society).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369747876#March", "title": "1881", "revid": 1369747876, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 1", "text": "1 May – Dioceses of Guildford and of Portsmouth are created in the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371308058#Events", "title": "1927 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1371308058, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 12", "text": "November 12 – The Church of England General Synod votes to admit women to holy orders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#November", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – The Church of England votes to allow women to become priests.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#November", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – The Church of England ordains its first female priests.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#March", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2002, "year_label": "2002 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 9", "text": "July 9 – The Church of England allows divorcees to remarry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372652846#July", "title": "2002", "revid": 1372652846, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 12", "text": "November 12 – Justin Welby announces his resignation as Archbishop of Canterbury following the publication of a report critical of his handling of the abuse of children within the Church of England by John Smyth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#November", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › November"}}]}