{"slug": "chile", "label": "Chile", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q298", "qid": "Q298", "description": "country in South America and Oceania, with a claim in Antarctica", "entries": 80, "years": 69, "span": [1023, 2022], "span_label": ["1023 CE", "2022 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 19}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 19}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 9}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 8}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 6}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 3}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "peru", "label": "Peru", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "santiago", "label": "Santiago", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "valparaiso", "label": "Valparaíso", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "mapuche", "label": "Mapuche", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "augusto-pinochet", "label": "Augusto Pinochet", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "argentina", "label": "Argentina", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "spanish-empire", "label": "Spanish Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "valdivia", "label": "Valdivia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "president-of-chile", "label": "President of Chile", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "royal-navy", "label": "Royal Navy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "cuba", "label": "Cuba", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1023, "year_label": "1023 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – A partial solar eclipse, part of the Solar Saros 120 cycle, is visible to the natives of southern South America in what are now Brazil, Uruguay and Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213204#July–September", "title": "1023", "revid": 1342213204, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1536, "year_label": "1536 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Reynogüelén: Spanish conquistadors defeat a group of Mapuches in Chile, during the expedition of Diego de Almagro.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494676#Date_unknown", "title": "1536", "revid": 1366494676, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago del Nuevo Extremo, which will become the capital of Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#January–March", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1550, "year_label": "1550 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – Arauco War: Battle of Penco – Several hundred Spanish and indigenous troops under the command of Pedro de Valdivia defeat an army of 60,000 Mapuche in modern-day Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369571608#January–March", "title": "1550", "revid": 1369571608, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1552, "year_label": "1552 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – Pedro de Valdivia founds the Chilean city of Valdivia, as Santa María la Blanca de Valdivia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364394581#January–March", "title": "1552", "revid": 1364394581, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1557, "year_label": "1557 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – Arauco War – Battle of Mataquito: Spanish forces of Governor Francisco de Villagra launch a dawn surprise attack against the Mapuche (headed by their toqui Lautaro), in present-day Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365955110#April–June", "title": "1557", "revid": 1365955110, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1564, "year_label": "1564 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – Battle of Angol in Chile: Spanish Conquistador Lorenzo Bernal del Mercado defeats and kills the toqui Illangulién.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363117508#January–March", "title": "1564", "revid": 1363117508, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1575, "year_label": "1575 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The seat of the Audiencia Real in Chile moves from Concepción to Santiago.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362481402#Date_unknown", "title": "1575", "revid": 1362481402, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1628, "year_label": "1628 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – In what is now the South American nation of Chile, the indigenous Mapuche lay siege to the Spanish colonial settlement of Nacimiento. The Spanish captain and a force of 40 men are able to hold out until reinforcements arrive two days later, but the attackers take muskets and two cannons.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352890088#January–March", "title": "1628", "revid": 1352890088, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1643, "year_label": "1643 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – Dutch expedition to Valdivia: The Dutch end their occupation of Valdivia in Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340617365#October–December", "title": "1643", "revid": 1340617365, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1654, "year_label": "1654 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 11", "text": "January 11 – Arauco War – Battle of Río Bueno in southern Chile: Indigenous Huilliche warriors rout Spanish troops from Fort Nacimiento, who are attempting to cross the Bueno River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365981814#January–March", "title": "1654", "revid": 1365981814, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1720, "year_label": "1720 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – The British privateer Speedwell, captained by George Shelvocke, is wrecked off of the coast of Chile on the uninhabited \"Robinson Crusoe Island\" (Más a Tierra, where Alexander Selkirk was marooned for 5 years). The crew is marooned for 5 months but can build a boat from timbers salvaged from the wreck, and is able to escape the island on October 6.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358044251#April–June", "title": "1720", "revid": 1358044251, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1723, "year_label": "1723 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – The Mapuche Uprising begins in Chile as the indigenous Mapuche people, commanded by Toqui (war chief) Vilumilla, leading an attack against the city of Tucapel. The war lasts until February 13, 1726.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350255771#January–March", "title": "1723", "revid": 1350255771, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1730, "year_label": "1730 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 8", "text": "July 8 – 1730 Valparaíso earthquake: An earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 9.1 strikes Valparaíso, in modern-day Chile but at this time in the Viceroyalty of Peru.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560881#July–September", "title": "1730", "revid": 1369560881, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1741, "year_label": "1741 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – HMS Wager, one of the vessels of George Anson's voyage around the world, is wrecked on the coast of Chile, killing most of the crew who have survived scurvy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360183595#April–June", "title": "1741", "revid": 1360183595, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1741, "year_label": "1741 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 14", "text": "14 May – HMS Wager, one of the vessels of George Anson's voyage around the world is wrecked on the coast of Chile, killing most of the surviving crew.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275835304#Events", "title": "1741 in Great Britain", "revid": 1275835304, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1811, "year_label": "1811 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – José Miguel Carrera, Chilean founding father, is sworn in as President of the executive Junta of the government of Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361375672#October–December", "title": "1811", "revid": 1361375672, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28 – War of 1812 – Battle of Valparaíso: Two British Royal Navy ships easily defeat and capture USS Essex and a sister ship off the coast of Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360305709#March", "title": "1814", "revid": 1360305709, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 19", "text": "January 19 – An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General José de San Martín, starts crossing the Andes from Argentina, to liberate Chile and then Peru.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360260504#January–March", "title": "1817", "revid": 1360260504, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – Battle of Chacabuco: Argentine and Chilean soldiers of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata defeat the Spanish royalist troops in what is now Chile, marking the turning point in the war against European rule of South America.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360260504#January–March", "title": "1817", "revid": 1360260504, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – Chilean Declaration of Independence from Spain is proclaimed in Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373165947#January–March", "title": "1818", "revid": 1373165947, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1820, "year_label": "1820 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – Capture of Valdivia: Lord Cochrane occupies Valdivia in the name of the Republic of Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368795492#January–March", "title": "1820", "revid": 1368795492, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1822, "year_label": "1822 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 19", "text": "November 19 – An earthquake near Valparaíso in Chile kills around 200 people, causes a tsunami and raises the coastal area.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367154222#October–December", "title": "1822", "revid": 1367154222, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1834, "year_label": "1834 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 14", "text": "14 January – The ten remaining convicts at the Macquarie Harbour Penal Station hijack a brig and escape to Chile in the Frederick escape", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1310878051#Events", "title": "1834 in Australia", "revid": 1310878051, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – Battle of Yungay: Chile defeats the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, leading to the restoration of an independent Peru.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360384794#January–March", "title": "1839", "revid": 1360384794, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – Chile takes possession of the Strait of Magellan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366016136#April–June", "title": "1843", "revid": 1366016136, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1852, "year_label": "1852 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Germans are encouraged to immigrate to Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354165010#Date_unknown", "title": "1852", "revid": 1354165010, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1853, "year_label": "1853 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – The city of Puerto Montt is founded in the Reloncaví Sound, Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352708271#January–March", "title": "1853", "revid": 1352708271, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1863, "year_label": "1863 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 8", "text": "December 8 – The Church of the Company Fire in Santiago, Chile, kills between 2,000 and 3,000 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363782030#December", "title": "1863", "revid": 1363782030, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 26", "text": "November 26 – Chincha Islands War: Battle of Papudo – The Spanish ship Covadonga is captured by the Chileans and the Peruvians, north of Valparaíso, Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#November", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1866, "year_label": "1866 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 7", "text": "February 7 – Battle of Abtao: A Spanish naval squadron fights a combined Peruvian-Chilean fleet, at the island of Abtao, in the Chiloé Archipelago of southern Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368829327#February", "title": "1866", "revid": 1368829327, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1871, "year_label": "1871 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – Banco de Concepcion, predecessor of Itaú Unibanco, a major financial services provider in South America, is founded in Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368649173#July–September", "title": "1871", "revid": 1368649173, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1881, "year_label": "1881 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 23", "text": "23 July – A boundary treaty is signed by Argentina and the neighbouring country of Chile. The treaty is signed in Buenos Aires by Bernardo de Irigoyen, on the part of Argentina, and Francisco de Borja Echeverría, on the part of Chile, with the aim to establish a precise and exact borderline between the two countries based on the uti possidetis juris principle. Despite dividing largely unexplored lands, the treaty lays the groundwork for nearly all of Chile's and Argentina's current 5600 km of shared borders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353740029#Events", "title": "1881 in Argentina", "revid": 1353740029, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1883, "year_label": "1883 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – Peru and Chile sign the Treaty of Ancón, by which the Tarapacá province is ceded to Chile, ending Peru's involvement in the War of the Pacific.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366127181#October", "title": "1883", "revid": 1366127181, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1884, "year_label": "1884 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – The Treaty of Valparaiso, an armistice between Chile and Bolivia, ends the War of the Pacific; Bolivia is obliged to cede Antofagasta to Chile, leaving Bolivia as a landlocked country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364372487#April", "title": "1884", "revid": 1364372487, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1891, "year_label": "1891 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 19", "text": "January 19 – A British Royal Navy squadron is ordered to Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369994059#January", "title": "1891", "revid": 1369994059, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1892, "year_label": "1892 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Valparaíso, Chile founds its first football team, Santiago Wanderers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372569087#August", "title": "1892", "revid": 1372569087, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 28", "text": "28 May – Pacts of May: Chile and Argentina sign four protocols intended to improve relations and resolve territorial disputes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353740304#Events", "title": "1902 in Argentina", "revid": 1353740304, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1906, "year_label": "1906 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – 1906 Valparaíso earthquake: A magnitude 8.2 earthquake in Valparaíso, Chile leaves nearly 4,000 dead and approximately 20,000 injured.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373343237#July–August", "title": "1906", "revid": 1373343237, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1907, "year_label": "1907 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 – Santa María School massacre: In Chile, soldiers fire at striking mineworkers gathered in the Santa María School in Iquique; over 2,000 are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373349351#December", "title": "1907", "revid": 1373349351, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – Battle of Más a Tierra: Off the coast of Chile, the British Royal Navy forces the Imperial German Navy light cruiser SMS Dresden (last survivor of the German East Asia Squadron) to scuttle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#March", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1925, "year_label": "1925 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – Colo-colo, a well-known football club of Chile, is founded in Macul, suburb of Santiago.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367485783#April", "title": "1925", "revid": 1367485783, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – The Carabineros de Chile (Chilean national police force and gendarmerie) are created.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370012373#April", "title": "1927", "revid": 1370012373, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1929, "year_label": "1929 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 3", "text": "June 3 – The Treaty of Lima settles a border dispute between Peru and Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372436446#June", "title": "1929", "revid": 1372436446, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1930, "year_label": "1930 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 22", "text": "22 January – SS Monte Cervantes struck a rock off Ushuia, Chile and sank with the loss of her captain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348392619#Transport", "title": "1930 in Germany", "revid": 1348392619, "section": "Transport"}}, {"year": 1932, "year_label": "1932 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – A military coup occurs in Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370718676#June", "title": "1932", "revid": 1370718676, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 24", "text": "January 24 – 1939 Chillán earthquake: An earthquake in Chile kills an estimated 30,000 people and razes about 50,000 sq mi of land.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372426050#January", "title": "1939", "revid": 1372426050, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 4", "text": "4 March - ends the 1941 South American Championship held in Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243705313#March", "title": "1941 in Chile", "revid": 1243705313, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "September 3", "text": "3 September – 50,000 workers in Chile strike, leading the government to threaten measures against the strikers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367168927#September", "title": "1954 in Chile", "revid": 1367168927, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – The 9.5 Mw Valdivia earthquake affects Chile with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XII (Extreme). This megathrust earthquake ruptures from Arauco to Chiloé Archipelago, causing the most powerful earthquake on record and a destructive basin-wide tsunami.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#May", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – Chilean poet Pablo Neruda receives the first Viareggio-Versile prize.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#July", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1968, "year_label": "1968 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – The first heart transplant in Chile and Latin America, and the second in the world, is performed by surgeon Jorge Kaplán at the Almirante Nef Naval Hospital in Viña del Mar to patient María Elena Peñaloza.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363859816#June", "title": "1968 in Chile", "revid": 1363859816, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1969, "year_label": "1969 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August", "text": "A binational commission sets the maritime limits between Chile and Peru through two lighthouses on each side of the border.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332622188#August", "title": "1969 in Chile", "revid": 1332622188, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "February 20", "text": "20 February - Chile signs a trade agreement with Cuba, despite the OAS ban.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357177905#February", "title": "1970 in Chile", "revid": 1357177905, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – Chilean Socialist Senator Salvador Allende wins 36.2% of the vote in his run for presidency defeating former right-wing President Jorge Alessandri with 34.9% of the votes and Christian Democrat Radomiro Tomic with 27.8% of the votes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#September", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 22", "text": "October 22 – Chilean army commander René Schneider is shot in Santiago; the government declares a state of emergency. Schneider dies October 25.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#October", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – Salvador Allende is elected President of Chile by a run-off vote in the National Congress", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#October", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 3", "text": "November 3 – Salvador Allende takes office as president of Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#November", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1972, "year_label": "1972 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Chilean president Salvador Allende forms a new government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371514417#June", "title": "1972", "revid": 1371514417, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – Chile's democratically elected government is overthrown in a violent military coup after serious political instability. President Salvador Allende allegedly commits suicide during the coup in the presidential palace and General Augusto Pinochet heads a US-backed military junta that governs Chile for the next 17 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373239256#September", "title": "1973", "revid": 1373239256, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December", "text": "December – Chile breaks diplomatic contacts with Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373239256#December", "title": "1973", "revid": 1373239256, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1976, "year_label": "1976 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – Orlando Letelier is assassinated in Washington, D.C. by agents of Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372603253#September", "title": "1976", "revid": 1372603253, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1978, "year_label": "1978 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 - Color television is introduced, Chile adopts the US standard NTSC-M and channels 13, 9, UCV and TVN begin broadcasting in full color.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332622857#April", "title": "1978 in Chile", "revid": 1332622857, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1978, "year_label": "1978 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 22", "text": "December 22 – Argentina begins Operation Soberanía against Chile, but Argentinian forces quickly withdraw.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022681#December", "title": "1978", "revid": 1370022681, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1980, "year_label": "1980 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 2", "text": "January 2–18 – High temperatures hit the entire country, from Arica to Punta Arenas. Temperatures were highest between Greater Valparaíso and Greater Concepción.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243704716#January", "title": "1980 in Chile", "revid": 1243704716, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 11", "text": "March 11 – Chilean military dictator Augusto Pinochet is sworn in as President of Chile for another 8-year term.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#March", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – Pensions in Chile: The new Chilean pension system, based on private pension funds, begins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#May", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1982, "year_label": "1982 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – Falklands War: The British Special Air Service launches Operation Plum Duff, a reconnaissance mission preliminary to Operation Mikado, which is planned to destroy three Argentinean Exocet missiles and five Super Étendard fighter-bombers. Both Operation Plum Duff and Operation Mikado are called off after the Plum Duff insertion is revealed by a helicopter landing in Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373279023#May", "title": "1982", "revid": 1373279023, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "June 1", "text": "1 June - Inflation reaches 32.4%, this being the maximum peak of the crisis of 1982, this being the third most important economic crisis in the history of Chile only surpassed by the economic crisis of 1929 and the economic crisis of 1973 during the socialist government of Salvador Allende which, with 606% inflation, was the biggest economic crisis in the history of the country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243704744#June", "title": "1983 in Chile", "revid": 1243704744, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 16", "text": "16 September – The Gala department store chain ends its operations in Chile, selling its location in the Parque Arauco shopping center to Falabella.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243704744#September", "title": "1983 in Chile", "revid": 1243704744, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1985, "year_label": "1985 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – The 8.0 Mw Algarrobo earthquake hits Santiago and Valparaíso, Chile, leaving 177 dead, 2,575 injured, 142,489 houses destroyed, and approximately a million people homeless.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369963057#March", "title": "1985", "revid": 1369963057, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February 11", "text": "February 11 – Gabriel Boric, President of Chile", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373510075#February", "title": "1986", "revid": 1373510075, "section": "Births › February"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet loses a national plebiscite on his rule; he relinquishes power in 1990.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373532411#October", "title": "1988", "revid": 1373532411, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 14", "text": "December 14 – Chile holds its first free election in sixteen years, electing Patricio Aylwin as president. This marks the first time that all Ibero-American nations, except Cuba, have elected constitutional governments simultaneously.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#December", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1998, "year_label": "1998 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 10", "text": "October 10 – Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet: General Augusto Pinochet, Chilean dictator from 1973 to 1990, is indicted for human rights violations he committed in Chile by Spanish magistrate Baltasar Garzón. 6 days later British police place him under house arrest during his medical treatment in the UK. This is a leading case in the law of universal jurisdiction.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373236679#October", "title": "1998", "revid": 1373236679, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – An 8.8-magnitude earthquake occurs in Chile, triggering a tsunami over the Pacific and killing at least 525. The earthquake is one of the largest in recorded history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#February", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7 – Chile becomes the 31st member of the OECD.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#May", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2011, "year_label": "2011 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2 – 2011 Chilean Air Force C-212 crash. A CASA C-212 Aviocar military transport of the Chilean Air Force on a flight from Santiago to Robinson Crusoe Island, Chile, crashed into the sea while manoeuvring to land. All 21 passengers and crew on board were killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372940525#September", "title": "2011", "revid": 1372940525, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 16", "text": "September 16 – An 8.4 earthquake strikes 46 km from Coquimbo (in Chile). 22 people are killed and 34 more injured.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373300271#September", "title": "2015", "revid": 1373300271, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15 – A large eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai, a submarine volcano in Tonga, triggers tsunami warnings in Australia, Canada, Chile, Fiji, Japan, New Zealand, Samoa, and the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#January", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › January"}}]}