{"slug": "charles-xii-of-sweden", "label": "Charles XII of Sweden", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52934", "qid": "Q52934", "description": "The fifth and last emperor of Sweden (1697–1718)", "entries": 32, "years": 14, "span": [1682, 1868], "span_label": ["1682 CE", "1868 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 24}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Karl XII"], "related": [{"slug": "great-northern-war", "label": "Great Northern War", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "old-style-and-new-style-dates", "label": "Old Style and New Style dates", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "saxony", "label": "Saxony", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "norway", "label": "Norway", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ukraine", "label": "Ukraine", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "peter-the-great", "label": "Peter the Great", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "polishlithuanian-commonwealth", "label": "Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "king-of-poland", "label": "King of Poland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "augustus-ii-the-strong", "label": "Augustus II the Strong", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "stanisaw-leszczynski", "label": "Stanisław Leszczyński", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charles-xi-of-sweden", "label": "Charles XI of Sweden", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1682, "year_label": "1682 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – King Charles XII of Sweden (d. 1718)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560956#Births", "title": "1682", "revid": 1369560956, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1682, "year_label": "1682 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "June 17", "text": "17 June - Charles XII of Sweden, monarch (died 1718)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279555970#Births", "title": "1682 in Sweden", "revid": 1279555970, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1697, "year_label": "1697 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – Charles XII becomes king of Sweden at age 14 on the death of his father, Charles XI, from stomach cancer.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355431044#April–June", "title": "1697", "revid": 1355431044, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1697, "year_label": "1697 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 5", "text": "5 April - Charles XI of Sweden dies of stomach cancer, and is succeeded by Charles XII of Sweden under the regency of his grandmother, Hedwig Eleonora.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338089200#Events", "title": "1697 in Sweden", "revid": 1338089200, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1697, "year_label": "1697 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 14", "text": "December 14 – The coronation ceremony takes place for King Charles XII of Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355431044#October–December", "title": "1697", "revid": 1355431044, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1700, "year_label": "1700 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Charles XII of Sweden counter-attacks his enemies by invading Zealand (Denmark), assisted by an Anglo-Dutch naval squadron under Sir George Rooke, rapidly compelling the Danes to submit to peace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323720034#Events", "title": "1700 in Sweden", "revid": 1323720034, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1700, "year_label": "1700 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – Charles XII of Sweden counter-attacks his enemies by invading Zealand (Denmark), assisted by an Anglo-Dutch naval squadron under Sir George Rooke, rapidly compelling the Danes to submit to peace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366570351#July–September", "title": "1700", "revid": 1366570351, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1700, "year_label": "1700 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 4", "text": "4 August – The Landing at Humlebæk: The Swedish King Charles XII lands with an army at Humlebæk north of Copenhagen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351494291#Events", "title": "1700 in Denmark", "revid": 1351494291, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1700, "year_label": "1700 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 30", "text": "November 30 (November 19 O.S.; November 20 Swedish calendar) – Battle of Narva in Estonia: Having led his army of 8,000 on a forced march from Denmark to Estonia, Charles XII of Sweden routs the huge Russian army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366570351#October–December", "title": "1700", "revid": 1366570351, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1700, "year_label": "1700 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 30", "text": "30 November - Battle of Narva, an early battle in the Great Northern War where a Russian siege force was defeated by a Swedish relief army under Charles XII of Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358723690#Events", "title": "1700 in Russia", "revid": 1358723690, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1700, "year_label": "1700 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 30", "text": "November 30 (November 19 OS; November 20 Swedish calendar) – Battle of Narva in Estonia. Having led his army of 8,000 on a forced march from Denmark to Estonia, Charles XII of Sweden routs the huge Russian army at Narva.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323720034#Events", "title": "1700 in Sweden", "revid": 1323720034, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1701, "year_label": "1701 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 9", "text": "July 9 – Crossing of the Düna: Following his victories over Denmark and Russia in 1700, Charles XII of Sweden escalates the conflict in the Great Northern War by an invasion of Poland. The Swedes defeat the army of Saxony (then a Polish territory) at the River Dvina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279556131#Events", "title": "1701 in Sweden", "revid": 1279556131, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1701, "year_label": "1701 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 – Crossing of the Düna: Following his victories over Denmark-Norway and Russia in 1700, Charles XII of Sweden escalates the conflict in the Great Northern War by an invasion of Poland. The Swedish defeat the army of Saxony (then in personal union with Poland) at the River Dvina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366683505#July–September", "title": "1701", "revid": 1366683505, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1702, "year_label": "1702 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 (May 4 O.S.) – King Charles XII of Sweden and his troops walk unopposed into Warsaw after troops capture the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362986314#April–June", "title": "1702", "revid": 1362986314, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1702, "year_label": "1702 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 (July 8 O.S.; July 9 Swedish calendar) – Great Northern War: Battle of Klissow – Charles XII of Sweden decisively defeats the Polish–Lithuanian-Saxon army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362986314#July–September", "title": "1702", "revid": 1362986314, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1702, "year_label": "1702 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 (July 8 O.S.; July 9 Swedish calendar) – Battle of Klissow: Charles XII of Sweden decisively defeats the Polish–Lithuanian-Saxon army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360120203#Events", "title": "1702 in Sweden", "revid": 1360120203, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1703, "year_label": "1703 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 21", "text": "21 April – Battle of Pultusk; Charles XII wins the Battle of Pultusk during the invasion of Poland and Lithuania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330943300#Events", "title": "1703 in Russia", "revid": 1330943300, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1704, "year_label": "1704 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – Great Northern War – King Charles XII of Sweden forces the election of his ally Stanisław Leszczyński as King of Poland, in place of Augustus II the Strong.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358992532#July–September", "title": "1704", "revid": 1358992532, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1704, "year_label": "1704 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – Great Northern War – Charles XII of Sweden forces the election of his ally Stanisław Leszczyński as King of Poland in place of Augustus II the Strong.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368786181#Events", "title": "1704 in Sweden", "revid": 1368786181, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1707, "year_label": "1707 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 27", "text": "August 27 – Charles XII of Sweden launches his campaign to conquer Russia, marching to the east from Altranstädt with 60,000 coalition troops. Another 16,000 soldiers are waiting on the outskirts of Riga, guarding the Swedish supply lines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346936133#July–_September", "title": "1707", "revid": 1346936133, "section": "Events › July– September"}}, {"year": 1707, "year_label": "1707 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 28", "text": "December 28 – Charles XII of Sweden and his coalition of troops begin crossing the first line of defense of the Russian Empire, the Vistula River, in their attempt to conquer Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346936133#October–_December", "title": "1707", "revid": 1346936133, "section": "Events › October– December"}}, {"year": 1708, "year_label": "1708 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Charles XII of Sweden invades Russia, by crossing the frozen Vistula River with 40,000 men.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360122845#January–June", "title": "1708", "revid": 1360122845, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1709, "year_label": "1709 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 (June 28 in the Swedish calendar; July 8 New Style) – Great Northern War: Battle of Poltava: In Ukraine, Peter the Great, Tsar of Russia, defeats Charles XII of Sweden, thus effectively ending Sweden's role as a major power in Europe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279556187#Events", "title": "1709 in Sweden", "revid": 1279556187, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1709, "year_label": "1709 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 8", "text": "July 8 (June 27 Old Style; June 28 in the Swedish calendar) – Great Northern War: Battle of Poltava in the Cossack Hetmanate (Ukraine) – Peter the Great leads forces of the Tsardom of Russia to a decisive victory over Swedish forces under Charles XII, ending the Swedish invasion of Russia and effectively ending Sweden's role as a major power in Europe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361817608#July–December", "title": "1709", "revid": 1361817608, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1713, "year_label": "1713 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 – Skirmish at Bender, Moldova: Charles XII of Sweden is defeated by the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360271134#January–March", "title": "1713", "revid": 1360271134, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1716, "year_label": "1716 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – King Charles XII of Sweden leads an invasion of Norway, crossing the border at Basmo, near the modern-day town of Marker.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360559357#January–March", "title": "1716", "revid": 1360559357, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1716, "year_label": "1716 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 8", "text": "8 March - King Charles XII of Sweden leads an invasion of Norway, crossing the border at Basmo, near the modern-day town of Marker.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371917790#Events", "title": "1716 in Norway", "revid": 1371917790, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1716, "year_label": "1716 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April - The forces of Charles XII of Sweden briefly occupy Christiania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371917790#Events", "title": "1716 in Norway", "revid": 1371917790, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1718, "year_label": "1718 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 30", "text": "30 November - King Karl XII was shot and killed at the Siege of Fredriksten fortress.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319121298#Events", "title": "1718 in Norway", "revid": 1319121298, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1718, "year_label": "1718 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 11", "text": "December 11 (November 30 Old Style) – King Charles XII of Sweden is killed at the Siege of Fredriksten in the Great Northern War, the last European monarch to die on a battlefield. His death ends the first era of absolute monarchy in Sweden. Five days later, when the news reaches Stockholm, his sister Princess Ulrika Eleonora proclaims herself Queen regnant of Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350255401#October_–December", "title": "1718", "revid": 1350255401, "section": "Events › October –December"}}, {"year": 1718, "year_label": "1718 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 11", "text": "December 11 (November 30 Old Style) – King Charles XII of Sweden (shot during siege) (b. 1682)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350255401#Deaths", "title": "1718", "revid": 1350255401, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 30", "text": "30 November – A bronze statue of King Charles XII is unveiled in Stockholm's Kungsträdgården park.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345284932#Events", "title": "1868 in Sweden", "revid": 1345284932, "section": "Events"}}]}