{"slug": "chancellor-of-germany", "label": "Chancellor of Germany", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56022", "qid": "Q56022", "description": "offices held over time by the head of government of Germany", "entries": 34, "years": 28, "span": [1831, 2025], "span_label": ["1831 CE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Births", "count": 10}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 9}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 8}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}], "also_known_as": ["Chancellor of Germany (1949–)", "Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)", "Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)", "Chancellor of Germany (German Reich)", "Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany", "Chancellor of the German Empire", "German Chancellor", "German chancellor", "Reich Chancellor", "Reichskanzler"], "related": [{"slug": "konrad-adenauer", "label": "Konrad Adenauer", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "prime-minister", "label": "Prime minister", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "nobel-peace-prize", "label": "Nobel Peace Prize", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "otto-von-bismarck", "label": "Otto von Bismarck", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "wilhelm-ii", "label": "Wilhelm II", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "adolf-hitler", "label": "Adolf Hitler", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "nazi-party", "label": "Nazi Party", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "united-kingdom", "label": "United Kingdom", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "world-war-ii", "label": "World War II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "weimar-republic", "label": "Weimar Republic", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "red-army", "label": "Red Army", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – Leo von Caprivi, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1899)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360358594#January–June", "title": "1831", "revid": 1360358594, "section": "Births › January–June"}}, {"year": 1849, "year_label": "1849 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 3", "text": "May 3 – Bernhard von Bülow, 8th Chancellor of Germany (d. 1929)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362576929#April–June", "title": "1849", "revid": 1362576929, "section": "Births › April–June"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1921)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371140008#October–December", "title": "1856", "revid": 1371140008, "section": "Births › October–December"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – Philipp Scheidemann, 11th Chancellor of Germany (d. 1939)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#July–August", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Births › July–August"}}, {"year": 1871, "year_label": "1871 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 21", "text": "March 21 – Otto von Bismarck becomes the first Chancellor of the German Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368649173#January–March", "title": "1871", "revid": 1368649173, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1876, "year_label": "1876 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1967)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363589433#January–March", "title": "1876", "revid": 1363589433, "section": "Births › January–March"}}, {"year": 1890, "year_label": "1890 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – Kaiser Wilhelm II forces Otto von Bismarck to resign as Chancellor of Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364071388#March", "title": "1890", "revid": 1364071388, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1913, "year_label": "1913 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373505613#December", "title": "1913", "revid": 1373505613, "section": "Births › December"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 3", "text": "October 3 – Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany appoints Max von Baden Chancellor of Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373520023#October", "title": "1918", "revid": 1373520023, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "December 23", "text": "December 23 – Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of Germany (d. 2015)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373520023#December", "title": "1918", "revid": 1373520023, "section": "Births › December"}}, {"year": 1921, "year_label": "1921 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, 5th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1856)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371086035#January–February", "title": "1921", "revid": 1371086035, "section": "Deaths › January–February"}}, {"year": 1923, "year_label": "1923 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – Gustav Stresemann is named Chancellor of Germany, and founds a coalition government for the Weimar Republic, where hyperinflation means that more than 4,600,000 marks are now needed to buy a single American dollar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367772921#July–August", "title": "1923", "revid": 1367772921, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1929, "year_label": "1929 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – Bernhard von Bülow, German count and statesman, 8th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1849)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372436446#October", "title": "1929", "revid": 1372436446, "section": "Deaths › October"}}, {"year": 1930, "year_label": "1930 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – Heinrich Brüning is appointed Chancellor of Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373315156#March", "title": "1930", "revid": 1373315156, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1930, "year_label": "1930 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany (d. 2017)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373315156#April", "title": "1930", "revid": 1373315156, "section": "Births › April"}}, {"year": 1932, "year_label": "1932 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – Potempa murder: The five SA men involved in the torture and murder of Konrad Pietrzuch are quickly convicted and sentenced to death under the new law introduced by the Papen government. The Potempa case becomes a cause célèbre in Germany, where some maintain the death sentences are appropriate given the brutality of the torture and murder, whilst Nazis demonstrate for amnesty for the \"Potempa five\" on the grounds they are patriotic heroes, justified in killing the Communist Pietrzuch, and should not be executed. Hitler sends a telegram congratulating the five and they are released from jail in 1933 after he becomes Chancellor of Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370718676#August", "title": "1932", "revid": 1370718676, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1933, "year_label": "1933 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 30", "text": "January 30 – Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President of Germany Paul von Hindenburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371108771#January", "title": "1933", "revid": 1371108771, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1934, "year_label": "1934 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June", "text": "Kurt von Schleicher, 23rd Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372993239#June", "title": "1934", "revid": 1372993239, "section": "Deaths › June"}}, {"year": 1934, "year_label": "1934 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 19", "text": "August 19 – 1934 German referendum: In a referendum, 90% of the German population approves of Hitler's assumption of presidential powers, as Führer and Reichskanzler.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372993239#July–August", "title": "1934", "revid": 1372993239, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – With his traditional call to the New Year in Nazi Germany, Führer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler addresses the members of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372426050#January", "title": "1939", "revid": 1372426050, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – Philipp Scheidemann, German politician, 11th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1865)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372426050#November", "title": "1939", "revid": 1372426050, "section": "Deaths › November"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – Death of Adolf Hitler: Adolf Hitler and his wife of one day, Eva Braun, commit suicide as the Red Army approaches the Führerbunker in Berlin. Großadmiral Karl Dönitz succeeds Hitler as Reichspräsident (President of Germany) and Joseph Goebbels succeeds as Reichskanzler (Chancellor of Germany), in accordance with Hitler's political testament the day earlier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#April", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – The Flensburg Government is dissolved by the Allies, and German president Karl Dönitz and German chancellor Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk are arrested by British RAF Regiment personnel at Flensburg. They are respectively the last German head of state and head of government until 1949.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#May", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 23", "text": "23 May – President of Germany Karl Dönitz and Chancellor of Germany Count Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk are arrested by British forces at Flensburg. They are respectively the last German Head of state and Head of government until 1949.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362788654#May", "title": "1945 in Germany", "revid": 1362788654, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – Angela Merkel, 8th Chancellor of Germany", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#July", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Births › July"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – Olaf Scholz, 9th Chancellor of Germany", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#June", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Births › June"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – Konrad Adenauer, German statesman, first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (b. 1876)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#April", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Deaths › April"}}, {"year": 1982, "year_label": "1982 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a constructive vote of no confidence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373279023#October", "title": "1982", "revid": 1373279023, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 – Willy Brandt, 78, German politician, Chancellor (1969–1974), and Nobel Prize recipient (1971), colon cancer.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369600388", "title": "Deaths in October 1992", "revid": 1369600388, "section": "Deaths › October"}}, {"year": 2005, "year_label": "2005 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22 – Angela Merkel assumes office as the first female Chancellor of Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368527363#November", "title": "2005", "revid": 1368527363, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 10", "text": "November 10 – Helmut Schmidt, 96, German politician, Chancellor of West Germany (1974–1982), complications from surgery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369964005", "title": "Deaths in November 2015", "revid": 1369964005, "section": "Deaths › November"}}, {"year": 2017, "year_label": "2017 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16 – Helmut Kohl, 87, German politician, Chancellor (1982–1998), Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate (1969–1976).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369824402", "title": "Deaths in June 2017", "revid": 1369824402, "section": "Deaths › June"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "November 5", "text": "November 5 – German Chancellor Olaf Scholz dismisses FDP leader Christian Lindner from his position as finance minister, leading to two other FDP ministers resigning and the collapse of the governing coalition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#November", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 6", "text": "May 6 – 2025 German federal election: Friedrich Merz is elected Chancellor of Germany in the second round of parliamentary voting, hours after being defeated in the first round, a first in post-WWII German history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#May", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › May"}}]}