{"slug": "chalcis", "label": "Chalcis", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcis", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200133", "qid": "Q200133", "description": "Greek city in Central Greece region", "entries": 16, "years": 15, "span": [-734, 1470], "span_label": ["735 BCE", "1470 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Chalcidia", "Chalkis"], "related": [{"slug": "euboea", "label": "Euboea", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "thrace", "label": "Thrace", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "greece", "label": "Greece", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "macedonia-ancient-kingdom", "label": "Macedonia (ancient kingdom)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "boeotia", "label": "Boeotia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ancient-corinth", "label": "Ancient Corinth", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "antigonus-ii-gonatas", "label": "Antigonus II Gonatas", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "thermopylae", "label": "Thermopylae", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "claudius", "label": "Claudius", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "herod-agrippa-ii", "label": "Herod Agrippa II", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -734, "year_label": "735 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "735 BC—Naxos in Sicily founded as a colony of Chalcis in Euboea. (traditional date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357668226#Events_and_trends", "title": "730s BC", "revid": 1357668226, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -445, "year_label": "446 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Spartan army retires, so Pericles crosses back to Euboea with 50 ships and 5,000 soldiers, cracking down any opposition. He punishes the landowners of Chalcis, who lose their properties, while the residents of Histiaea are uprooted and replaced by 2,000 Athenian settlers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372038982#Greece", "title": "446 BC", "revid": 1372038982, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -430, "year_label": "431 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Athens enters into an alliance with King Sitalkes of Thrace, after Nymphodorus, an influential Athenian, marries Sitalkes' sister. Nymphodorus then negotiates an agreement between Athens and Macedon's King Perdiccas II, through which Perdiccas regains Therma. As a result, Athens withdraws its support for Perdiccas' brother, Philip, and the Thracians promise to assist Perdiccas in capturing him. In return, Perdiccas marches on the Chalcidians, the people he has originally persuaded to revolt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364036128#Greece", "title": "431 BC", "revid": 1364036128, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -428, "year_label": "429 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Athenians under Xenophon march into Thrace to attack Chalcis. They destroy crops outside Spartolus and begin negotiating with pro-Athenian factions in Chalcis, but the anti-Athenian factions ask for help from Olynthus. An army from Chalcis, Spartolus, and Olynthus meet the Athenians in battle, but their hoplites are defeated. Reinforcements soon arrive from Olynthus, and they launch a second attack on the Athenians. The Athenians are routed, with all of their generals and 430 other men killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172916#Greece", "title": "429 BC", "revid": 1354172916, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -322, "year_label": "323 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Greek philosopher and scientist, Aristotle, faces a strong anti-Macedonian reaction in Athens following the death of Alexander the Great. Aristotle is accused of impiety by the Athenians. However, he escapes to Chalcis in Euboea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311163255#Greece", "title": "323 BC", "revid": 1311163255, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -311, "year_label": "312 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Cassander abandons the siege of Oreus, concentrating his forces at Chalcis to counter Ptolemy who has landed at Bathys in Boeotia and has been reinforced by the Boeotian League with 2,200 infantry and 1,300 cavalry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172925#Greece/Macedon/Thrace", "title": "312 BC", "revid": 1354172925, "section": "Events › By place › Greece/Macedon/Thrace"}}, {"year": -311, "year_label": "312 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy captures Chalcis, removes Cassander's garrison, but does not install a garrison of his own. Eretria and Carystus, both on Euboea as well, join Antigonus' alliance. Ptolemy crosses over to mainland Greece and captures Oropos, again removing Cassander's garrison, he then hands it over to Antigonus' ally, the Boeotian League. After Oropos he invades Attica putting pressure on Athens to negotiate a truce. From Attica he marches on Thebes, captures it and removes Cassander's garrison. He moves on to Phocis, drives out Cassander's garrisons in that region as well, and moves into Opuntian Locris, where he besieges Opus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172925#Greece/Macedon/Thrace", "title": "312 BC", "revid": 1354172925, "section": "Events › By place › Greece/Macedon/Thrace"}}, {"year": -270, "year_label": "271 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "With the restoration of the territories captured by Pyrrhus, and with grateful allies in Sparta and Argos, and garrisons in Corinth and other Greek key cities, Antigonus II securely controls Macedonia and the other states of Greece. Antigonus becomes the chief of the Thessalian League and is on good terms with neighbouring Illyria and Thrace. He secures his position in central and south Greece by keeping Macedonian occupation forces in the cities of Corinth, Chalcis on the island of Euboea, and Demetrias in Thessaly, the three \"shackles\" of Hellas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370482485#Greece", "title": "271 BC", "revid": 1370482485, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -252, "year_label": "253 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Alexander, Antigonus II's nephew and regent, leads a revolt in Corinth with Ptolemy II's help and declares himself an independent monarch. As a result, Antigonus loses Corinth and Chalcis, the two bases from which he has dominated southern Greece. As the Aetolians occupy Thermopylae, Antigonus II is cut off from Athens and the Peloponnese.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172725#Greece", "title": "253 BC", "revid": 1354172725, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -190, "year_label": "191 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Romans under Manius Acilius Glabrio and Cato the Elder cut the Seleucid king Antiochus III off from his reinforcements in Thrace and outflank his position at the pass of Thermopylae in the Battle of Thermopylae. With the remainder of his troops, Antiochus flees to Chalcis on Euboea and from there he retreats by sea to Ephesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356019531#Roman_Republic", "title": "191 BC", "revid": 1356019531, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 50, "year_label": "50 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Roman emperor Claudius appoints Agrippa II governor of Chalcis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373339620#Roman_Empire", "title": "50s", "revid": 1373339620, "section": "Events › 50 AD › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 53, "year_label": "53 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Claudius removes Herod Agrippa II from the tetrarchy of Chalcis in Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373339620#Roman_Empire", "title": "50s", "revid": 1373339620, "section": "Events › 53 AD › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 1203, "year_label": "1203 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May", "text": "May – June – The Crusader fleet rounds Greece and stops at Negroponte (modern-day Halkis), where the local authorities submit to Alexios Angelos. Encouraged by this, the Crusader leaders send him and several ships to extend his authority over the neighboring island of Andros. Mid-June, the Crusader fleet sails from Greece to Abydos, where it enters the Dardanelles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187440#Fourth_Crusade", "title": "1203", "revid": 1369187440, "section": "Events › By place › Fourth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1275, "year_label": "1275 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Demetrias: Michael VIII Palaiologos sends a Byzantine fleet led by Alexios Philanthropenos to harass the Latin coasts. A joint Latin fleet composed of Lombard and Venetian vessels from Negroponte (Euboea) and Venetian-held Crete, is variously given at 30 to 60 ships. The Latin fleet under Admiral Guglielmo II da Verona takes the Byzantines by surprise and their attack is so effective that they almost win. Their ships, on which high wooden towers have been erected, have the advantage, and many Byzantine seamen and soldiers are killed or drowned. Just as victory seem sure, Greek reinforcements arrive, led by John I. His arrival boosts the Byzantines' morale, and John's men, ferried on board the ships by small boats, begin to replenish their casualties and turn the tide. The Latin casualties are heavy, which also include Guglielmo. By nightfall, all but two Latin ships have been captured.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270169#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1275", "revid": 1365270169, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1380, "year_label": "1380 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The imposter Paul Palaiologos Tagaris, having been appointed Latin Patriarch of Constantinople by Pope Urban VI, takes up residence in his see at Chalcis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360515041#Date_unknown", "title": "1380", "revid": 1360515041, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1470, "year_label": "1470 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – During the Ottoman–Venetian War, the Ottomans capture the Greek island of Euboea, territory of the Republic of Venice, after a four week siege of the fortified city of Negroponte by the Sultan Mehmed II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853032#July–September", "title": "1470", "revid": 1359853032, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}