{"slug": "chad", "label": "Chad", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657", "qid": "Q657", "description": "sovereign state in central Africa", "entries": 21, "years": 16, "span": [1388, 2025], "span_label": ["1388 CE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 12}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "international-court-of-justice", "label": "International Court of Justice", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "nigeria", "label": "Nigeria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "burkina-faso", "label": "Burkina Faso", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "libya", "label": "Libya", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states-secretary-of-state", "label": "United States Secretary of State", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-john-paul-ii", "label": "Pope John Paul II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mali", "label": "Mali", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "guinea-bissau", "label": "Guinea-Bissau", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cape-verde", "label": "Cape Verde", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sudan", "label": "Sudan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "algiers", "label": "Algiers", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gabon", "label": "Gabon", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1388, "year_label": "1388 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Omar I is succeeded by Sa'id, as King of the Kanem-Bornu Empire (modern-day east Chad and Nigeria). Sa'id is succeeded in the same year by Kade Alunu. Omar and Sa'id are both killed by Bilala invaders from the west.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360557860#Date_unknown", "title": "1388", "revid": 1360557860, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1389, "year_label": "1389 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Biri II succeeds Kade Alunu as King of the Kanem-Bornu Empire (now eastern Chad and Nigeria), and the Empire loses its land in present-day Chad to the Bilala.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360559797#Date_unknown", "title": "1389", "revid": 1360559797, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – The French expedition to liberate Chad, arrives at Kouno, where the commander, Henri Bretonnet, meets with the Gaourang II, the Muslim Sultan of Bagirmi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#June", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – In the Battle of Togbao in Chad, the French Bretonnet–Braun mission is destroyed by the warlord Rabih az-Zubayr.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#July", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 29", "text": "October 29 – The Battle of Kouno ends after two days in Chad, as French Army Captain Émile Gentil leads a force of 344 troops against a much larger force of Sudanese Arabs, led by the warlord Rabih az-Zubayr. Gentil routs the Sudanese.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#October", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1900, "year_label": "1900 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 22", "text": "April 22 – Battle of Kousséri: French forces secure their domination of Chad. Warlord Rabih az-Zubayr is defeated and killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373317536#April", "title": "1900", "revid": 1373317536, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 28", "text": "November 28 – Chad, the Republic of the Congo and Gabon become autonomous republics within the French colonial empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#November", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 – Ouadi Doum air raid: The French Air Force raids the Libyan Ouadi Doum airbase in northern Chad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373510075#February", "title": "1986", "revid": 1373510075, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 3", "text": "October 3 - Chad and Libya reestablish diplomatic relations after the years-long Chadian–Libyan War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323199745#Events", "title": "1988 in Libya", "revid": 1323199745, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 31", "text": "August 31 – In the aftermath of the Chadian–Libyan conflict of 1978–87, representatives of Libya and Chad agree to let the International Court of Justice determine ownership of the Aouzou Strip, which has been occupied by Libya since 1973.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#August", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 25", "text": "January 25 – Pope John Paul II begins an eight-day tour of Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso and Chad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#January", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – In the aftermath of the Chadian–Libyan conflict, the International Court of Justice rules that the Aouzou Strip belongs to the Republic of Chad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#February", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 3", "text": "3 February – The Libya–Chad Territorial Dispute case was decided by the International Court of Justice in favor of Chad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341342306#Events", "title": "1994 in Libya", "revid": 1341342306, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2004, "year_label": "2004 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9: United States Secretary of State Colin Powell declares that the actions of the Janjaweed Arab militia in Darfur constitute genocide. Powell holds the government of Sudan responsible. Up to 50,000 ethnic Africans have been killed and 2.2 million displaced into refugee camps in neighboring Chad by ethnic Arab militias.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334146534#Events", "title": "2004 in Chad", "revid": 1334146534, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2004, "year_label": "2004 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22: Experts and officials from Interpol and 19 countries met Tuesday in Burkina Faso to elaborate a strategy to combat terrorism and crime in Africa. Countries participating included Chad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334146534#Events", "title": "2004 in Chad", "revid": 1334146534, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2005, "year_label": "2005 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Amari Saifi (\"Abderrezak el-Para), a leading member of the GSPC captured in Chad in October 2004, is sentenced to life imprisonment by a court in Algiers. He failed to turn up to his trial, sparking speculation. (Reuters).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370185973#Events", "title": "2005 in Algeria", "revid": 1370185973, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2005, "year_label": "2005 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – Chad descends into civil war after various rebel forces, with support from Sudan, attack the capital, N'Djamena.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368527363#December", "title": "2005", "revid": 1368527363, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 24", "text": "24 January – A Sudanese airliner, Air West Flight 612, carrying 103 people, is hijacked by a lone gunman and diverted to N'Djamena, Chad. The Air West flight lands at the airport in N'Djamena and the hijacker is arrested.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367433034#January", "title": "2007 in Sudan", "revid": 1367433034, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2009, "year_label": "2009 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – Sudan accused Chad of two air bombardments in its territory done by the Chadian government to attack Chadian rebel groups' bases in Sudan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323287505#Events", "title": "2009 in Sudan", "revid": 1323287505, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 18", "text": "April 18 – 44 suspected Boko Haram members are found dead, apparently due to poisoning, inside a prison in N'Djamena, Chad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#April", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – Eighteen gunmen and a soldier are killed in an attack on the presidential palace in N'Djamena, the capital of Chad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#January", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › January"}}]}