{"slug": "central-america", "label": "Central America", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_America", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27611", "qid": "Q27611", "description": "subregion of the Americas", "entries": 13, "years": 13, "span": [-2249, 2020], "span_label": ["2250 BCE", "2020 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 3}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "mesoamerica", "label": "Mesoamerica", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-great-britain", "label": "Kingdom of Great Britain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "yucatan-peninsula", "label": "Yucatán Peninsula", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "belize", "label": "Belize", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "germany", "label": "Germany", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "great-britain", "label": "Great Britain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "north-america", "label": "North America", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "atlantic-ocean", "label": "Atlantic Ocean", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states", "label": "United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "california", "label": "California", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -2249, "year_label": "2250 BCE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "c. 2250 BC: Earliest evidence of maize cultivation in Central America.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371895841#Events", "title": "23rd century BC", "revid": 1371895841, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -499, "year_label": "500 BCE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The world population reaches 100,000,000—85,000,000 in the Eastern Hemisphere and 15,000,000 in the Western Hemisphere, primarily Mesoamerica and northern South America (Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363151372#Demographics", "title": "500 BC", "revid": 1363151372, "section": "Events › By topic › Demographics"}}, {"year": 540, "year_label": "540 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Global environmental cooling occurs, due either to a comet impact or volcanic eruption in Central America, evidenced by global tree ring growth diminution. Recent evidence from Swiss ice core points to volcanic eruptions in Iceland. Historical evidence records this earlier as the Extreme weather events of 535–536.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367291057#World", "title": "540", "revid": 1367291057, "section": "Events › By topic › World"}}, {"year": 664, "year_label": "664 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 1", "text": "1 May – A solar eclipse affects areas along a line from Central America, through eastern North America, the North Atlantic, Ireland, Great Britain and Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367636792#North_America_&_Europe", "title": "664", "revid": 1367636792, "section": "Events › By place › North America & Europe"}}, {"year": 900, "year_label": "900 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "The Postclassic Period: The Maya civilization that has flourished for about 650 years in upland areas of what later will be called Central America comes to an end as a result either of depleted agricultural resources or warfare between some 40 rival city-states. The great stone pyramids, ball courts and other structures at cities such as Tikal, Copán, and Palenque are abandoned and overgrown with jungle, as will eventually be the sculpture and relief carvings of the Maya, who have developed a calendar based on almost perfect astronomic measurements. Cities such as Chichen Itza, Mayapan and Uxmal in the highlands of the Yucatán Peninsula will continue to flourish.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364042634#Mesoamerica", "title": "900", "revid": 1364042634, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 1185, "year_label": "1185 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – The Solar eclipse of 1 May 1185, visible across Central America, Northern and Eastern Europe and Kazakhstan, occurs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362484284#Astronomy", "title": "1185", "revid": 1362484284, "section": "Events › By topic › Astronomy"}}, {"year": 1676, "year_label": "1676 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 31", "text": "January 31 – Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, the oldest institution of higher education in Central America, is founded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992596#January–March", "title": "1676", "revid": 1365992596, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1711, "year_label": "1711 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 8", "text": "December 8 – The Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Comayagua in Honduras, one of the oldest cathedrals in Central America, is inaugurated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364260988#October–December", "title": "1711", "revid": 1364260988, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1786, "year_label": "1786 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 14", "text": "14 July – Convention of London between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Spain: British settlements on the Mosquito Coast of Central America are to be evacuated; Spain expands the territory available to the British in Belize on the Yucatán Peninsula for cutting mahogany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275834961#Events", "title": "1786 in Great Britain", "revid": 1275834961, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1825, "year_label": "1825 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "August 18", "text": "18 August – Scottish adventurer Gregor MacGregor issues a £300,000 loan with 2.5% interest through the London bank of Thomas Jenkins & Company for the fictitious Central American republic of Poyais. His actions lead to the Panic of 1825, the first modern stock market crash, starting in the Bank of England and precipitating the closure of six London banks and sixty country ones in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367193737#Events", "title": "1825 in Scotland", "revid": 1367193737, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1855, "year_label": "1855 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 3", "text": "May 3 – American adventurer William Walker and a group of armed mercenaries (filibusters) sail from San Francisco in California south to Central America to attempt to conquer Nicaragua.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358982600#April–June", "title": "1855", "revid": 1358982600, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 8", "text": "November 8 – Hurricane Gordon hits Central America, Jamaica, Cuba, the Bahamas, Haiti and the Southeastern United States, causing $594 million in damages and 1,152 fatalities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#November", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – Costa Rica becomes the first Central American country to legalise same-sex marriage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#May", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › May"}}]}