{"slug": "capital-punishment", "label": "Capital punishment", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8454", "qid": "Q8454", "description": "legal process whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime", "entries": 16, "years": 15, "span": [-249, 1999], "span_label": ["250 BCE", "1999 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 10}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}], "also_known_as": ["Death sentence", "Death-penalty", "Execution (legal)"], "related": [{"slug": "roman-consul", "label": "Roman consul", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charlemagne", "label": "Charlemagne", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "saxons", "label": "Saxons", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "saxon-wars", "label": "Saxon Wars", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "old-saxony", "label": "Old Saxony", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "widukind", "label": "Widukind", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "augustus", "label": "Augustus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "siege", "label": "Siege", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sicyon", "label": "Sicyon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "fulvia", "label": "Fulvia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "american-civil-war", "label": "American Civil War", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hanging", "label": "Hanging", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -249, "year_label": "250 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Atilius Regulus, Roman general and consul (executed)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278897656#Deaths", "title": "250 BC", "revid": 1278897656, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -39, "year_label": "40 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Perusia: trying a last attempt to break the siege, which fails; Lucius Antonius surrenders to Octavian. His life is spared, but the citizens are executed or sold into slavery. Fulvia flees with her children and is exiled to Sicyon, where she dies of a sudden illness.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267076849#Roman_Republic", "title": "40 BC", "revid": 1267076849, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 476, "year_label": "476 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 28", "text": "August 28 – Orestes is arrested by Odoacer near Piacenza, and swiftly executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355222972#Roman_Empire", "title": "476", "revid": 1355222972, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 780, "year_label": "780 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne decrees the death penalty for any subdued Saxon refusing Christian baptism. Meanwhile Widukind builds up rebel strength in northern Saxony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753540#Europe", "title": "780", "revid": 1364753540, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 803, "year_label": "803 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Caliph Harun al-Rashid has his friend and vizier (secretary) Ja'far ibn Yahya beheaded, The surviving members of the influential Barmakid family (Jafar's family) are imprisoned on the orders of Harun, and their property is confiscated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848789#Abbasid_Caliphate", "title": "803", "revid": 1340848789, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate"}}, {"year": 1791, "year_label": "1791 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 30", "text": "30 May – Robespierre delivers a speech on the abolition of the death penalty but without success.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331875723#May", "title": "1791 in France", "revid": 1331875723, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1848, "year_label": "1848 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 22", "text": "22 April – Treason Felony Act passed, reducing certain categories of capital high treason to felony punishable by penal transportation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360411090#Events", "title": "1848 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1360411090, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 27", "text": "August 27 – Martin Doyle is the last person executed in Britain for attempted murder.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#August", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 27", "text": "27 August – last execution in Britain for attempted murder – Martin Doyle in Chester.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330919965#Events", "title": "1861 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1330919965, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 10", "text": "November 10 – Captain Henry Wirz, Confederate superintendent of Andersonville Prison (Camp Sumter) is hanged, becoming the second of two combatants, and only serving regular soldier, to be executed for war crimes committed during the American Civil War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#November", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1890, "year_label": "1890 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – At Auburn Prison in New York, William Kemmler becomes the first person to be executed in the electric chair.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364071388#August", "title": "1890", "revid": 1364071388, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 29", "text": "October 29 – Leon Czolgosz is executed in the electric chair for the assassination of William McKinley in Buffalo, New York on September 6.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#October", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1937, "year_label": "1937 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 30", "text": "January 30 – The Moscow Trial initiated on January 23 is concluded. Thirteen of the defendants are sentenced to death (including Georgy Pyatakov, Nikolay Muralov and Leonid Serebryakov), while the rest, including Karl Radek and Grigory Sokolnikov are sent to labor camps and later murdered. They were initially spared for implicating others, including Rykov, Bukharin and Tukhachevsky, setting the stage for further trials", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371759714#January", "title": "1937", "revid": 1371759714, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "December 20", "text": "20 December - The last legal execution in Ireland occurs in Belfast - it is of Robert McGladdery for murder.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347359189#Events", "title": "1961 in Northern Ireland", "revid": 1347359189, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1974, "year_label": "1974 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 26", "text": "26 November - Capital punishment is formally abolished.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352054037#October_–_December", "title": "1974 in Luxembourg", "revid": 1352054037, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – In Laramie, Wyoming, Russell Henderson pleads guilty to kidnapping and felony murder, in order to avoid a possible death penalty conviction for the apparent hate crime killing of Matthew Shepard.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#April", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › April"}}]}