{"slug": "cape-colony", "label": "Cape Colony", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Colony", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370736", "qid": "Q370736", "description": "Dutch and British colony in Southern Africa", "entries": 46, "years": 36, "span": [1717, 1905], "span_label": ["1717 CE", "1905 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 16}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Births", "count": 4}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 4}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["British Cape Colony", "Cape colony", "Prime Minister of Cape Colony"], "related": [{"slug": "south-african-republic", "label": "South African Republic", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "united-kingdom", "label": "United Kingdom", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "cape-town", "label": "Cape Town", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "colony-of-natal", "label": "Colony of Natal", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "april", "label": "April", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mozambique", "label": "Mozambique", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mumbai", "label": "Mumbai", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "scotland", "label": "Scotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "netherlands", "label": "Netherlands", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "prime-minister", "label": "Prime minister", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "david-livingstone", "label": "David Livingstone", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The total Cape Colony population is estimated at 744 officials, 2000 burghers, and 2700 slaves.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360128496#Events", "title": "1717 in South Africa", "revid": 1360128496, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1800, "year_label": "1800 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Government Gazette started printing in the Cape Colony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368950066#Events", "title": "1800 in South Africa", "revid": 1368950066, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1806, "year_label": "1806 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 8", "text": "8 January – British troops land at Losperds Bay, between Bloubergstrand and Melkbosstrand in the Cape Colony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368950499#Events", "title": "1806 in South Africa", "revid": 1368950499, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "In the complex peace treaty, the Cape Colony is permanently taken from the Dutch by the United Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368950757#Events", "title": "1814 in South Africa", "revid": 1368950757, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "June 5", "text": "5 June - John Molteno, future first Prime Minister of the Cape", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368950757#Births", "title": "1814 in South Africa", "revid": 1368950757, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1816, "year_label": "1816 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14 – The United Kingdom formally annexes the Tristan da Cunha archipelago in the southern Atlantic Ocean, ruling it from the Cape Colony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363267979#July–September", "title": "1816", "revid": 1363267979, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Approximately 200 Scottish artisan immigrants are brought to the Cape Colony by Benjamin Moodie. Among them is David Hume, who becomes an explorer and big-game hunter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368950856#Events", "title": "1817 in South Africa", "revid": 1368950856, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 16", "text": "16 May – Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg, the second president of the South African Republic, is born on the farm near Beaufort West in the Cape Colony", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368950931#Births", "title": "1818 in South Africa", "revid": 1368950931, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1819, "year_label": "1819 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "September 17", "text": "17 September - Marthinus Wessel Pretorius, the first president of the South African Republic and founder of Pretoria, is born on the farm Pretoriuskloof in the Graaff-Reinet district of the Cape Colony", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368950905#Births", "title": "1819 in South Africa", "revid": 1368950905, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1826, "year_label": "1826 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Cape Colony passes legislation to reform the justice system, instituting the Cape Charter of Justice and introducing trial by jury.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368951261#Events", "title": "1826 in South Africa", "revid": 1368951261, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1828, "year_label": "1828 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Cape Colony's Ordinance 50 ensures legal equality, limits employer power, exempts Coloureds from carrying passes, and revises apprenticeship laws.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368951291#Events", "title": "1828 in South Africa", "revid": 1368951291, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1830, "year_label": "1830 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 9", "text": "9 April - The first issue of the Dutch newspaper De Zuid-Afrikaan in the Cape Colony", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368951435#Events", "title": "1830 in South Africa", "revid": 1368951435, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1834, "year_label": "1834 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "January 20", "text": "20 January - Petrus Jacobus Joubert, a South African Republic Triumvirate member, is born near Cango in the Oudtshoorn district of Cape Colony", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368951553#Births", "title": "1834 in South Africa", "revid": 1368951553, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1834, "year_label": "1834 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 11", "text": "December 11 – The Sixth Xhosa War is characterized by severe clashes between white settlers and Bantu peoples in Cape Colony; Dutch-speaking settlers colonize the area north of Orange River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360367111#October–December", "title": "1834", "revid": 1360367111, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1835, "year_label": "1835 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Voortrekkers start leaving the Cape Colony in what is called the Great Trek into the interior to escape British domination", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368951576#Events", "title": "1835 in South Africa", "revid": 1368951576, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1837, "year_label": "1837 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Voortrekker leader Piet Retief publishes his Manifesto which sets out the reasons the Voortrekkers are leaving the Cape Colony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368951699#Events", "title": "1837 in South Africa", "revid": 1368951699, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Cape Colony relinquishes Port Natal, and it is incorporated into the Natalia Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368951893#Events", "title": "1839 in South Africa", "revid": 1368951893, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Du Pré Alexander, Earl of Caledon and Governor of the Cape Colony, dies", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368951893#Deaths", "title": "1839 in South Africa", "revid": 1368951893, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1841, "year_label": "1841 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Missionary David Livingstone arrives in the Cape Colony and proceeds to Kuruman before journeying through Central Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368951954#Events", "title": "1841 in South Africa", "revid": 1368951954, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1845, "year_label": "1845 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Natal becomes an autonomous district of Cape Colony", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368952131#Events", "title": "1845 in South Africa", "revid": 1368952131, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1849, "year_label": "1849 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "The British propose to ship convicts to the Cape Colony, but the Cape population strongly object during the Convict Crisis of 1849. The proposal is eventually squashed with the help of British MP Charles Bowyer Adderley and Heerengracht in Cape Town is changed to Adderley Street in honour.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368952292#Events", "title": "1849 in South Africa", "revid": 1368952292, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "The \"Childe Herold\", a British ship en route from Bombay to London is wrecked off Dassen Island, Cape Colony", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269184146#Events", "title": "1850 in South Africa", "revid": 1269184146, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1851, "year_label": "1851 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Xhosas clash with the white settlers on the Cape Colonys eastern boundary starting the 8th Cape Frontier War and ends in 1853 in South Africa", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368952493#Events", "title": "1851 in South Africa", "revid": 1368952493, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1852, "year_label": "1852 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – HMS Birkenhead sinks near Cape Town, British Cape Colony. Only 193 of the 643 on board survive, after troops stand firm on the deck so as not to overwhelm the lifeboats containing women and children.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354165010#January–March", "title": "1852", "revid": 1354165010, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1852, "year_label": "1852 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 25", "text": "25 February – HMS Birkenhead sinks near Cape Town, British Cape Colony. Only 193 of the 643 on board survive, after troops stand firm on the deck so as not to overwhelm the lifeboats containing women and children.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351818686#Events", "title": "1852 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1351818686, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "April", "text": "April – The Xhosa cattle-killing movement and famine begins in Cape Colony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371140008#April–June", "title": "1856", "revid": 1371140008, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 15", "text": "15 July - Natal is made a separate British colony, after being part of Cape colony since 1843. Theophilus Shepstone becomes Secretary for Native Affairs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368952694#Events", "title": "1856 in South Africa", "revid": 1368952694, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 15", "text": "15 December – Anna Maria Truter, Cape Colony botanical artist and wife of Sir John Barrow, 1st Baronet. (b. 1777)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1310479526#Deaths", "title": "1857 in South Africa", "revid": 1310479526, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Sir Robert Wynyard becomes acting Governor of the Cape of Good Hope and High Commissioner for Southern Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366586256", "title": "1861 in South Africa", "revid": 1366586256, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15 – Sir Philip Wodehouse becomes Governor of the Cape of Good Hope and High Commissioner for Southern Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269184255", "title": "1862 in South Africa", "revid": 1269184255, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1870, "year_label": "1870 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – Charles Craufurd Hay becomes acting Governor of the Cape of Good Hope and High Commissioner for Southern Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269184307", "title": "1870 in South Africa", "revid": 1269184307, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1870, "year_label": "1870 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 31", "text": "December 31 – Sir Henry Barkly is appointed Governor of the Cape of Good Hope and High Commissioner for Southern Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362496807#December", "title": "1870", "revid": 1362496807, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1872, "year_label": "1872 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – Responsible government is granted to Cape Colony (South Africa). Sir John Molteno, first Prime Minister of the Cape of Good Hope, forms the first Cape Cabinet which immediately plans to establish Cape Government Railways and take over the operation of all private railways in the Colony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371307490#December", "title": "1872", "revid": 1371307490, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1874, "year_label": "1874 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May", "text": "The Molteno Government of the Cape passes a parliamentary act to redraw the provincial boundaries of the Cape Colony, from two provinces (Eastern and Western Cape) to seven.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318277858", "title": "1874 in South Africa", "revid": 1318277858, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1877, "year_label": "1877 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May", "text": "The Cape Government establishes the Council of Education following the dramatic increase in the number of educational facilities, such as mission schools, on the eastern Cape frontier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350688301", "title": "1877 in South Africa", "revid": 1350688301, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1880, "year_label": "1880 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – The government of Cape Colony sets a deadline for the Basuto people to surrender their weapons; non-compliance leads to the Basuto Gun War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371273111#April", "title": "1880", "revid": 1371273111, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1882, "year_label": "1882 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November", "text": "In the Cape Colony, the Dutch language is once again admitted as an official language alongside English.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360452890", "title": "1882 in South Africa", "revid": 1360452890, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1895, "year_label": "1895 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "December 15", "text": "December 15 – The railways of the Cape of Good Hope, Colony of Natal, the Orange Free State, the South African Republic and southern Mozambique are all linked at Union Junction near Alberton.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364324653#December", "title": "1895", "revid": 1364324653, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1895, "year_label": "1895 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "December 15", "text": "December 15 – The railways of the Cape Colony, Natal, the Orange Free State, the South African Republic and southern Mozambique are all linked at Union Junction near Alberton, completing the logistics supply lines for the British military invasion of the Boer Republics in the Second Boer War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323614550", "title": "1895 in South Africa", "revid": 1323614550, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1896, "year_label": "1896 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – Cecil Rhodes is forced to resign as Prime Minister of the Cape of Good Hope for his involvement in the Jameson Raid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364785538#January", "title": "1896", "revid": 1364785538, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1896, "year_label": "1896 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – Cecil Rhodes is forced to resign as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony for his involvement in the Jameson Raid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1271214977", "title": "1896 in South Africa", "revid": 1271214977, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – Joseph Chamberlain sets into motion the Second Boer War after receiving an appeal from the British Cape Colony in South Africa to help British subjects oppressed in the Transvaal Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#June", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – Preparing for an attack on Britain's Cape Colony from the neighboring Transvaal Republic, Robert Baden-Powell arrives at the border town of Mafeking and begins recruiting volunteers and stockpiling munitions to prepare for an attack and siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#September", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 – The Boers cut off all telegraph lines and seize the railway connecting Estcourt to the rest of the Cape Colony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358047099", "title": "1899 in South Africa", "revid": 1358047099, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 18", "text": "November 18 – Boer commandos invade the Cape Colony and come to within 50 miles of Cape Town.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315450918", "title": "1901 in South Africa", "revid": 1315450918, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January", "text": "Non-whites are not given voting rights, except in the Cape Colony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358251382", "title": "1905 in South Africa", "revid": 1358251382, "section": "Events › January"}}]}