{"slug": "burgundy", "label": "Burgundy", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgundy", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1173", "qid": "Q1173", "description": "former administrative region of France", "entries": 32, "years": 30, "span": [-57, 1836], "span_label": ["58 BCE", "1836 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Births", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Burgundy (French region)", "Burgundy (historical region)", "Burgundy (region)"], "related": [{"slug": "principality-of-hungary", "label": "Principality of Hungary", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "duchy-of-bavaria", "label": "Duchy of Bavaria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "duchy-of-swabia", "label": "Duchy of Swabia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "eleanor-of-aquitaine", "label": "Eleanor of Aquitaine", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rhine", "label": "Rhine", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "county-of-flanders", "label": "County of Flanders", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "perkin-warbeck", "label": "Perkin Warbeck", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "germany", "label": "Germany", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "arnulf-duke-of-bavaria", "label": "Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "burchard-ii-of-swabia", "label": "Burchard II of Swabia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -57, "year_label": "58 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Caesar leaves his legions in winter quarters among the Sequani (located in modern-day Burgundy) far to the north of the formal boundary of Gallia Transalpina. He returns to Gallia Cisalpina, carrying out judicial and administrative activities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364740578#Roman_Republic", "title": "58 BC", "revid": 1364740578, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 356, "year_label": "356 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Siege of Senonae: Julian over-winters at Senonae (Bourgogne). German federated troops (foederati) desert and hostile warbands besiege the town.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369161915#Roman_Empire", "title": "356", "revid": 1369161915, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 525, "year_label": "525 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Frankish tribesmen, under the command of King Chlothar I, plunder Burgundy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340792024#Europe", "title": "525", "revid": 1340792024, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 581, "year_label": "581 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Second Council of Mâcon: In a council of Christian bishops in Mâcon (Burgundy), Jews are prohibited from serving as judges or customs officers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340801589#Religion", "title": "581", "revid": 1340801589, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 834, "year_label": "834 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Emperor Louis the Pious is restored as sole ruler of the Frankish Empire. After his re-accession to the throne, his eldest son Lothair I flees to Burgundy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941786#Europe", "title": "834", "revid": 1340941786, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 886, "year_label": "886 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October", "text": "October – Siege of Paris: Count Odo slips through Viking-controlled territory, to ask the king of West Francia Charles the Fat for support. He returns with a relief force, and reaches safety within the walls. Charles arrives later with a large army, and establishes a camp at Montmartre. After negotiations he promises the Vikings tribute (Danegeld) worth 700 Livres (equivalent to 257kg of silver), and allows them to sail up the River Seine, to over-winter in Burgundy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367666946#Europe", "title": "886", "revid": 1367666946, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 911, "year_label": "911 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Hungarians cross Bavaria, and invade Swabia and Franconia. They plunder the territories from Minfeld to Aargau. After that, they cross the Rhine, and attack Burgundy for the first time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372066182#Europe", "title": "AD 911", "revid": 1372066182, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 913, "year_label": "913 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of the Inn: The Hungarians invade Bavaria, Swabia and Northern Burgundy. At their return they face the combined armies of Arnulf (duke of Bavaria), Erchanger and Burchard II (dukes of Swabia), who defeat them at Aschbach near the Inn River (modern Germany).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070619#Europe", "title": "913", "revid": 1267070619, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 937, "year_label": "937 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A Hungarian army invades Burgundy, and burns the city of Tournus. Then they go southwards to Italy, pillaging the environs of Naples, Benevento and Monte Cassino. When the Hungarians return home, they are attacked in the Apennine Mountains by Lombard forces, losing their plunder (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367668437#Europe", "title": "937", "revid": 1367668437, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 943, "year_label": "943 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Matilda, queen consort of Burgundy (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364916983#Births", "title": "943", "revid": 1364916983, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 944, "year_label": "944 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Otto (or Odo), duke of Burgundy (d. 965)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512279#Births", "title": "944", "revid": 1341512279, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 965, "year_label": "965 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 22", "text": "February 22 – Otto, duke of Burgundy (b. 944)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371364470#Deaths", "title": "965", "revid": 1371364470, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 982, "year_label": "982 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 26", "text": "November 26 – Matilda, queen of Burgundy (or 981)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468335#Deaths", "title": "982", "revid": 1364468335, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1018, "year_label": "1018 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ermengarde of Anjou, duchess of Burgundy (d. 1076)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367470608#Births", "title": "1018", "revid": 1367470608, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1024, "year_label": "1024 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – According to the cartulary-chronicle of the Bèze Abbey (officially the Abbaye Saint-Pierre et Saint-Paul de Bèze) in the Burgundy region of France, the brothers Girard and Lambert repent of their seizure of the village of Viévigne and restore the property to the Abbey \"for the good of their souls\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213215#January–March", "title": "1024", "revid": 1342213215, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1026, "year_label": "1026 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – Otto-William, count of Burgundy", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590752#Deaths", "title": "1026", "revid": 1365590752, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1058, "year_label": "1058 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Pope Stephen IX pronounces on the authenticity of the relics of Mary Magdalene at Vézelay Abbey in Burgundy, making it a major centre of pilgrimage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269479149#Religion", "title": "1058", "revid": 1269479149, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1076, "year_label": "1076 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – Ermengarde of Anjou, duchess of Burgundy", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362789427#Deaths", "title": "1076", "revid": 1362789427, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1104, "year_label": "1104 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 – The new basilica at Vézelay Abbey (located in northern Burgundy in France) is dedicated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365271015#Religion", "title": "1104", "revid": 1365271015, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1114, "year_label": "1114 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Pontigny Abbey, a Cistercian monastery, is founded (located in Burgundy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184492#Religion", "title": "1114", "revid": 1369184492, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1146, "year_label": "1146 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – Bernard of Clairvaux, commissioned by Pope Eugene III, preaches the Second Crusade at Vézelay, in Burgundy. King Louis VII of France and his wife, Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, take up the cross. In a repeat of the events of 1096, Crusaders attack and massacre Jewish communities along the Rhine. Encouraged by his success, Bernard undertakes a tour in Burgundy, Lorraine and Flanders – preaching the Crusade as he goes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184470#Europe", "title": "1146", "revid": 1369184470, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1176, "year_label": "1176 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Sens Cathedral in Burgundy installs an horologe, presumed to be an early form of clock.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532887#Religion", "title": "1176", "revid": 1366532887, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1191, "year_label": "1191 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – Philip II, accompanied by Conrad of Montferrat, departs to Tyre and returns to France. He leaves behind a French army (some 10,000 men) under the command of Hugh III, duke of Burgundy. Richard I is left in sole command of the Crusader forces in the Levant. Back in France, Philip schemes with Richard's brother, Prince John, to dispossess Richard of his French lands while he is still away, but the intervention of John's mother, Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, foils the plan. Meanwhile, Richard rebuilds and strengthens the walls of Acre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170549#Third_Crusade", "title": "1191", "revid": 1362170549, "section": "Events › By place › Third Crusade"}}, {"year": 1317, "year_label": "1317 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 9", "text": "January 9 – The 23-year-old Philip the Tall, younger brother of the late King Louis X of France, is hastily crowned King of France, as King Philip V, at Rheims. The only son of King Louis X had been born posthumously, but died after four days. Supporters of King Louis felt that his eldest daughter, Joan II of Navarre, should have been crowned as the monarch. Mass protests follow in Artois, Champagne and Burgundy. The coronation of a brother, instead of the eldest daughter, as the successor to the throne sets the precedent for the Salic law, providing that the eldest male heir inherits the throne. Philip V reorganizes the French army by extending the military obligations of the realm. Each town and castellany is responsible for providing a specified number of fully equipped troops – such as sergeants and infantry militias, while towns in economically advanced areas like Flanders become a major source of men and money. At the same time, the arriére ban (military recruitment) is generally commuted in favour for taxation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368785088#January_–_March", "title": "1317", "revid": 1368785088, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1445, "year_label": "1445 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Vlad II Dracul, aided by a crusaders' fleet from Burgundy, attacks Giurgiu, and massacres the Ottoman garrison after their surrender.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372937#Date_unknown", "title": "1445", "revid": 1370372937, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1474, "year_label": "1474 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 14", "text": "October 14 – King Ferdinand of Naples sends his son, Prince Frederick, to Burgundy in hopes of an alliance between the Kingdom of Naples and the Duchy of Burgundy to be secured by Frederick's marriage to Mary of Burgundy, daughter of the Duke, Charles the Bold. The proposal is rejected by Burgundy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364765261#October–December", "title": "1474", "revid": 1364765261, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1493, "year_label": "1493 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "England imposes sanctions on Burgundy for supporting Perkin Warbeck, the pretender to the English throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631093#Date_unknown", "title": "1493", "revid": 1371631093, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1506, "year_label": "1506 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 9", "text": "9 February and 20 March – Treaties of Windsor ally England, Burgundy, and the Habsburgs against France. These are signed by Philip while held by Henry VII at Windsor Castle", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367539805#Events", "title": "1506 in England", "revid": 1367539805, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1526, "year_label": "1526 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – Treaty of Madrid: Peace is declared between Francis I of France and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Francis agrees to cede Burgundy and abandons all claims to Flanders, Artois, Naples, and Milan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369353275#January–March", "title": "1526", "revid": 1369353275, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1526, "year_label": "1526 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – Treaty of Madrid was signed by king Francis I stipulating the abandonment of Burgundy, and French claims in northern Italy and Artois .", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353736371#Events", "title": "1526 in France", "revid": 1353736371, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1836, "year_label": "1836 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "Eugène Schneider and his brother Adolphe Schneider purchase a bankrupt ironworks near the town of Le Creusot, in the Burgundy region of France, and found the steelworks and engineering company Schneider Frères & Cie.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342504#Date_unknown", "title": "1836", "revid": 1368342504, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1836, "year_label": "1836 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "Eugène Schneider and his brother Adolphe Schneider purchase a bankrupt ironworks near the town of Le Creusot in the Burgundy region and found the steelworks and engineering company Schneider Frères & Cie.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331880228#Events", "title": "1836 in France", "revid": 1331880228, "section": "Events"}}]}