{"slug": "buenos-aires", "label": "Buenos Aires", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486", "qid": "Q1486", "description": "capital and largest city of Argentina", "entries": 43, "years": 37, "span": [1536, 2006], "span_label": ["1536 CE", "2006 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 15}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 6}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 4}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["City of Buenos Aires"], "related": [{"slug": "argentina", "label": "Argentina", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "rio-de-la-plata", "label": "Río de la Plata", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "israel", "label": "Israel", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "nazi-germany", "label": "Nazi Germany", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "prime-minister-of-israel", "label": "Prime Minister of Israel", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "david-ben-gurion", "label": "David Ben-Gurion", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "the-holocaust", "label": "The Holocaust", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "brazil", "label": "Brazil", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "chile", "label": "Chile", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "spanish-empire", "label": "Spanish Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "falkland-islands", "label": "Falkland Islands", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "colonial-brazil", "label": "Colonial Brazil", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1536, "year_label": "1536 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – Spanish conquistador Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires in what is now Argentina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494676#January–March", "title": "1536", "revid": 1366494676, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1580, "year_label": "1580 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Within the Viceroyalty of Peru in South America Spanish explorer Juan de Garay founds the first permanent Spanish settlement at what is now the capital of Argentina, on the Rio de la Plata. Garay, who came on an expedition down the Paraná River from Asunción (now in Paraguay), arrives at the site of the failed Spanish settlement of Ciudad de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre, that had been created by Pedro de Mendoza in 1536 and abandoned in 1542. Garay names the new settlement \"Santísima Trinidad\" but the city eventually takes the name of the port, which he calls \"Puerto de Santa María de los Buenos Aires.\"", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369376205#April–June", "title": "1580", "revid": 1369376205, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1770, "year_label": "1770 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 9", "text": "June 9 – Falklands Crisis (1770): Some 1,600 Spanish marines, sent by the Spanish governor of Buenos Aires in five frigates, seize Port Egmont in the Falkland Islands. The small British force present promptly surrenders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310921#April–June", "title": "1770", "revid": 1368310921, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1806, "year_label": "1806 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – British invasions of the River Plate: A British expeditionary force of 1,700 men lands on the left bank of the Río de la Plata and invades Buenos Aires.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368311144#July–September", "title": "1806", "revid": 1368311144, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1807, "year_label": "1807 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – A disastrous British attack is mounted against Buenos Aires, during the second failed invasion of the Río de la Plata.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362733939#July–September", "title": "1807", "revid": 1362733939, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18–25 – May Revolution: Armed citizens of Buenos Aires expel the Viceroy and establish a provincial government for Argentina (the Primera Junta). Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros is removed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357106545#April–June", "title": "1810", "revid": 1357106545, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – Paraguay governor Bernardo de Velasco and the Cabildo of Asunción declare their loyalty to Ferdinand VII of Spain and break up their relationship with Buenos Aires.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357106545#July–September", "title": "1810", "revid": 1357106545, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1811, "year_label": "1811 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5–6 – Revolutionary riots occur in Buenos Aires.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361375672#April–June", "title": "1811", "revid": 1361375672, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1813, "year_label": "1813 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 31", "text": "January 31 – The Assembly of the Year XIII is inaugurated in Buenos Aires.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357692833#January–March", "title": "1813", "revid": 1357692833, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1828, "year_label": "1828 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – Decembrist revolution (Argentina): Juan Lavalle, returning to Buenos Aires with troops that fought in the Cisplatine War, deposes the provincial governor Manuel Dorrego, reigniting the Argentine Civil Wars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371323922#October–December", "title": "1828", "revid": 1371323922, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1846, "year_label": "1846 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Approximately 103 settlers start arriving in Port Elizabeth from war-torn Buenos Aires, Argentina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368952188#Events", "title": "1846 in South Africa", "revid": 1368952188, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1852, "year_label": "1852 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 20", "text": "February 20 – Brazilian forces, part of victorious anti-Rosas coalition, parade through Buenos Aires to mark 25th anniversary of Battle of Ituzaingó in Cisplatine War", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353739687#Events", "title": "1852 in Argentina", "revid": 1353739687, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1852, "year_label": "1852 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 20", "text": "February 20 - the victorious Brazilian Army marches through the streets of Buenos Aires, Argentina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367120255#Events", "title": "1852 in Brazil", "revid": 1367120255, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "In Buenos Aires, leader Bartolomé Mitre subverts the Argentine Confederation and begins to establish a new centralist government, with the help of Uruguayan Colorado party leader Venancio Flores.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#Date_unknown", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1864, "year_label": "1864 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The classic aperitif Hesperidina is invented by American immigrant Melville Sewell Bagley in Buenos Aires.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353739839#Events", "title": "1864 in Argentina", "revid": 1353739839, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1867, "year_label": "1867 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – The first recorded association football match in Argentina takes place in Buenos Aires.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365231456#June", "title": "1867", "revid": 1365231456, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1875, "year_label": "1875 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 29", "text": "September 29 - The Casa de Moneda de la República Argentina is inaugurated, under Law 733 of 1875 which ordered the creation of two mints, one in Buenos Aires and another in Salta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353739959#Events", "title": "1875 in Argentina", "revid": 1353739959, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1878, "year_label": "1878 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 - chartering of Bank of the City of Buenos Aires as the Monte de Piedad in a measure against the prevalence of usury in Buenos Aires (mostly targeting the growing wave of immigration in Argentina)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353739993#Events", "title": "1878 in Argentina", "revid": 1353739993, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1879, "year_label": "1879 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "November 10", "text": "10 November – Tandanor, a worker-owned shipyard, is founded in Buenos Aires.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353740004#Events", "title": "1879 in Argentina", "revid": 1353740004, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1881, "year_label": "1881 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – The Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina is signed in Buenos Aires.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369747876#July", "title": "1881", "revid": 1369747876, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1881, "year_label": "1881 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 23", "text": "23 July – A boundary treaty is signed by Argentina and the neighbouring country of Chile. The treaty is signed in Buenos Aires by Bernardo de Irigoyen, on the part of Argentina, and Francisco de Borja Echeverría, on the part of Chile, with the aim to establish a precise and exact borderline between the two countries based on the uti possidetis juris principle. Despite dividing largely unexplored lands, the treaty lays the groundwork for nearly all of Chile's and Argentina's current 5600 km of shared borders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353740029#Events", "title": "1881 in Argentina", "revid": 1353740029, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1890, "year_label": "1890 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – In Buenos Aires, the Revolution of the Park takes place, forcing President Juárez Celman's resignation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364071388#July", "title": "1890", "revid": 1364071388, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1892, "year_label": "1892 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – The world's first fingerprinting bureau is formally opened by the Buenos Aires Chief of Police; it has been operating unofficially since the previous year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372569087#March", "title": "1892", "revid": 1372569087, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 29", "text": "29 November – The World Chess Championship, played in Buenos Aires over a period of more than two months, is won by Russian Alexander Alekhine, scoring +6−3=25.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353740647#Events", "title": "1927 in Argentina", "revid": 1353740647, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – A bomb attack against the Italian consulate in Buenos Aires, Argentina, kills 22 and injures 43.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372527586#May", "title": "1928", "revid": 1372527586, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – The Italian consulate in Buenos Aires, Argentina, is bombed. The explosion kills 22 people and injures 43.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353740688#Events", "title": "1928 in Argentina", "revid": 1353740688, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1929, "year_label": "1929 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – The 1st Conference of the Communist Parties of Latin America is held in Buenos Aires.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372436446#June", "title": "1929", "revid": 1372436446, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1929, "year_label": "1929 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 1", "text": "1 June – The 1st Conference of the Communist Parties of Latin America opens in Buenos Aires.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353740711#Events", "title": "1929 in Argentina", "revid": 1353740711, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1930, "year_label": "1930 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 12", "text": "12 July – A streetcar accident occurs near Buenos Aires, when the vehicle's operator fails to notice that the moveable bridge for the tracks has been raised to allow a crossing of the Río de la Plata. The car plunges into the river and its passengers are drowned.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353740726#Events", "title": "1930 in Argentina", "revid": 1353740726, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 17", "text": "October 17 – A massive number of people, headed for the General Confederation of Labour (Argentina), gather in the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires to demand Juan Perón's release. This is known to the Peronists as the Día de la lealtad (Loyalty Day) and considered the founding day of Peronism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#October", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1951, "year_label": "1951 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – The first Pan American Games open in Buenos Aires.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368856437#February", "title": "1951", "revid": 1368856437, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – Bill Haley & His Comets play the first of a series of concerts in Buenos Aires.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353741114#Events", "title": "1958 in Argentina", "revid": 1353741114, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 11", "text": "May 11 – In Buenos Aires, four Mossad agents abduct fugitive Nazi German war criminal Adolf Eichmann in order that he can be taken to Israel and put on trial. This is announced on May 23 by Prime Minister of Israel David Ben-Gurion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#May", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 21", "text": "21 May – An El Al flight took off from Buenos Aires at 12:05 a.m., with kidnapped Nazi fugitive Adolf Eichmann safely on board, to face trial for the Holocaust in Israel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318405840#Events", "title": "1960 in Israel", "revid": 1318405840, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1965, "year_label": "1965 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 28", "text": "28 March – 1965 Valparaíso earthquake and the El Cobre dam failures With a magnitude of 7.4 degrees on the Richter scale, it leaves 280 dead and hundreds injured. The earthquake is perceived from Copiapó to Osorno, from North to South, and to Buenos Aires to the east.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243704966#March", "title": "1965 in Chile", "revid": 1243704966, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1968, "year_label": "1968 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 23", "text": "June 23 – Puerta 12 tragedy: A football stampede in Buenos Aires leaves 74 dead and 150 injured.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310387#May–June", "title": "1968", "revid": 1371310387, "section": "Events › May–June"}}, {"year": 1969, "year_label": "1969 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 28", "text": "28 April - Crash of LAN Chile Flight 160. A Boeing 727 from Buenos Aires crashed in a field near Colina. There were no deaths or injuries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332622188#April", "title": "1969 in Chile", "revid": 1332622188, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 – The Benavídez rail disaster near Buenos Aires, Argentina (a rear-end collision) kills 236.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#February", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – The Ezeiza massacre occurs in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Snipers shoot at left-wing Peronists, killing at least 13 and injuring more than 300.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373239256#June", "title": "1973", "revid": 1373239256, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 29", "text": "29 July: Argentine President Raúl Alfonsín and Brazilian President José Sarney sign economic agreements in Buenos Aires for mutual integration; the basis for the future creation of the Southern Common Market (Mercosur).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287520666#July", "title": "1986 in Argentina", "revid": 1287520666, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 18", "text": "July 18 – AMIA bombing: In Buenos Aires, a terrorist attack destroys a building housing several Jewish organizations, killing 85 and injuring many more.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#July", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2001, "year_label": "2001 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "December 20", "text": "20 December: Argentine economic crisis: December riots: Riots erupt in Buenos Aires. Violent incidents in Plaza de Mayo between protestors and police, and in other parts of the country. 26 people die. The president resigns. President Fernando de la Rúa resigns two days later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1289435700#December", "title": "2001 in Argentina", "revid": 1289435700, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2006, "year_label": "2006 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – In Buenos Aires, Argentina, serial shooter Martín Ríos opens fire against passers-by on Cabildo Avenue, killing an 18-year-old and injuring six others.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373069605#July", "title": "2006", "revid": 1373069605, "section": "Events › July"}}]}