{"slug": "bristol", "label": "Bristol", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23154", "qid": "Q23154", "description": "city in South West England, United Kingdom", "entries": 32, "years": 31, "span": [1142, 1980], "span_label": ["1142 CE", "1980 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 13}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "duchy-of-gascony", "label": "Duchy of Gascony", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "gloucestershire", "label": "Gloucestershire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "isambard-kingdom-brunel", "label": "Isambard Kingdom Brunel", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "henry-ii-of-england", "label": "Henry II of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "stephen-king-of-england", "label": "Stephen, King of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "empress-matilda", "label": "Empress Matilda", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "robert-1st-earl-of-gloucester", "label": "Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "angevin-empire", "label": "Angevin Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "wales", "label": "Wales", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1142, "year_label": "1142 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – The 9-year-old Henry of Anjou, a son of Empress Matilda, lands on the south coast of England with his uncle, Earl Robert of Gloucester and several knights. Henry travels to Bristol, centre of Angevin opposition to King Stephen, where he is educated by Master Matthew. Meanwhile, Robert captures Lulworth Castle, Rufus Castle (\"Bow and Arrow Castle\") on the Isle of Portland and Wareham Castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362174122#England", "title": "1142", "revid": 1362174122, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1155, "year_label": "1155 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Henry II grants the city of Bristol ('Brycgstow') a Royal charter, and is divided between Gloucestershire and Somerset (until 1373).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359485841#England", "title": "1155", "revid": 1359485841, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1209, "year_label": "1209 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Black Monday, Dublin: A group of 500 recently arrived settlers from Bristol are massacred by warriors of the Irish O'Byrne clan. The group (accompanied by women and children) leaves the safety of the walled city of Dublin to celebrate Easter Monday near a wood at Ranelagh, and are attacked without warning. Although a relatively obscure event in history, it is commemorated by a mustering of the Mayor, Sheriffs, and soldiers on the day, as a challenge to the native tribes for centuries afterwards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362169644#Britain", "title": "1209", "revid": 1362169644, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1209, "year_label": "1209 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Easter Monday – Black Monday: A group of 500 settlers recently arrived in Dublin from Bristol are massacred without warning by warriors of the Gaelic O'Byrne clan near a wood at Ranelagh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247432898#Events", "title": "1209 in Ireland", "revid": 1247432898, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1254, "year_label": "1254 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Henry III of England grants his eldest son the Lord Edward areas of land including crown lands in Wales, Ireland, the Channel Islands and Gascony. He is also given the cities of Bristol, Stamford and Grantham. The reason for these concessions is to give Edward experience of governing lands of his own before becoming a king. Edward is granted the Three Castles in Wales, Skenfrith Castle, White Castle and Grosmont Castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296887805#England", "title": "1254", "revid": 1296887805, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1308, "year_label": "1308 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – Piers Gaveston is exiled for the second time by the Parliament, due to possible corruption and exploited personal gains. As compensation for the loss of the Earldom of Cornwall, which is another condition of his exile, Gaveston is granted land worth 3,000 marks annually in Gascony. Further to this, he is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland – so that a certain amount of honour can be maintained despite the humiliation of the exile. Gaveston is also threatened with ex-communication by Pope Clement V. Edward II accompanies him to Bristol, from where he sets sail for Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367315343#April_–_June", "title": "1308", "revid": 1367315343, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1373, "year_label": "1373 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – Bristol perambulation: Bristol is made a county corporate, the first town in he Kingdom of England outside London to be granted this status.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369605206#July–September", "title": "1373", "revid": 1369605206, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1457, "year_label": "1457 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Unknown – Robert Sturmy sails from Bristol on his unsuccessful attempt to break the Italian monopoly on trade in the Eastern Mediterranean", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353735905#Events", "title": "1457 in England", "revid": 1353735905, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1497, "year_label": "1497 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – Italian-born explorer John Cabot sets sail from Bristol in England, on the ship Matthew (principally owned by Richard Amerike), looking for new lands to the west (some sources give a May 2 date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372862240#April–June", "title": "1497", "revid": 1372862240, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1498, "year_label": "1498 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May", "text": "May – In \"early May\", the John Cabot expedition departs from Bristol on a second expedition westward to find a sea route between England and Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363338704#April–June", "title": "1498", "revid": 1363338704, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1502, "year_label": "1502 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Bristol merchants return from Newfoundland (first so named this year from a letter) to England, carrying three native people and cod from the Grand Banks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367622674#Date_unknown", "title": "1502", "revid": 1367622674, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1566, "year_label": "1566 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 6", "text": "September 6 – an English expedition under Colonel Edward Randolph sets out from Bristol for Lough Foyle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247429095#Events", "title": "1566 in Ireland", "revid": 1247429095, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1577, "year_label": "1577 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 23", "text": "September 23 – The first Inuit to see Europe— Kalicho, Arnaq, and Arnaq's son, Nutaaq— are brought as captives of Martin Frobisher when HMS Gabriel arrived in England at Bristol. All three were captured on Baffin Island, and none of the three survive to the end of the year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361323001#July–September", "title": "1577", "revid": 1361323001, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1610, "year_label": "1610 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – John Guy sets sail from Bristol, with 39 other colonists, for Newfoundland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361322431#July–September", "title": "1610", "revid": 1361322431, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1645, "year_label": "1645 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – English Civil War: Prince Rupert leaves Oxford for Bristol.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370309626#January–March", "title": "1645", "revid": 1370309626, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1656, "year_label": "1656 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 24", "text": "24 October – Quaker James Nayler re-enacts the arrival of Jesus in Jerusalem at Bristol, for which he is arrested for blasphemy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360060788#Events", "title": "1656 in England", "revid": 1360060788, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1679, "year_label": "1679 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Undated – Bristol Baptist College, the world's first Baptist College, is founded by local merchant Edward Terrill.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737517#Events", "title": "1679 in England", "revid": 1353737517, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1738, "year_label": "1738 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 1", "text": "1 July – William Champion of Bristol patents a process to distill zinc from calamine using charcoal in a smelter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1237000775#Events", "title": "1738 in Great Britain", "revid": 1237000775, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1747, "year_label": "1747 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Liverpool becomes the busiest slave trading port in Britain, overtaking Bristol.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275835347#Undated", "title": "1747 in Great Britain", "revid": 1275835347, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1784, "year_label": "1784 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 2", "text": "2 August – the first mail coach runs between Bristol and London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323077518#Events", "title": "1784 in Great Britain", "revid": 1323077518, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1786, "year_label": "1786 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "Wills, Watkins & Co. open a tobacconists’ shop in Bristol which will become W.D. & H.O. Wills.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275834961#Unknown_date", "title": "1786 in Great Britain", "revid": 1275834961, "section": "Events › Unknown date"}}, {"year": 1798, "year_label": "1798 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 18", "text": "18 September – Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is first published anonymously in Bristol, marking the beginning of English literary Romanticism. Most of the poems are by Wordsworth, including Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey on revisiting the banks of the Wye during a tour, 13 July 1798, but also including the first publication of Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere. First London publication is on 4 October.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330436787#Events", "title": "1798 in Great Britain", "revid": 1330436787, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1806, "year_label": "1806 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 25", "text": "25 October - The sloop Margaret, on a voyage from Bristol, Gloucestershire to Greenock, Renfrewshire, is wrecked near Holyhead, Anglesey, with the loss of all on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360284081#Events", "title": "1806 in Wales", "revid": 1360284081, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1815, "year_label": "1815 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "A twice-weekly boat service between Cardiff and Bristol is established.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360309580#Events", "title": "1815 in Wales", "revid": 1360309580, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "January 8", "text": "8 January – Theophilus Shepstone, British administrator in South Africa is born in Westbury-On-Trym near Bristol, England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368950856#Births", "title": "1817 in South Africa", "revid": 1368950856, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 29", "text": "October 29 – The 1831 Bristol riots (\"Queen Square riots\") in Bristol (England) begin, in connection with the Great Reform Bill controversy. Quelled by the authorities and the military on October 31, 100 city centre properties are destroyed, at least 120 are estimated to have been killed, 31 of the rioters will be sentenced to death and a colonel facing court-martial for failure to control the riot commits suicide.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360358594#October–December", "title": "1831", "revid": 1360358594, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1837, "year_label": "1837 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 19", "text": "19 July – The Isambard Kingdom Brunel-designed steamship SS Great Western is launched in Bristol.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1335042916#Events", "title": "1837 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1335042916, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's SS Great Britain is launched from Bristol; it will be the first iron-hulled, propeller-driven ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366016136#July–September", "title": "1843", "revid": 1366016136, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1890, "year_label": "1890 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – The first ever official English County Championship cricket match begins in Bristol; Yorkshire beats Gloucestershire, by eight wickets.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364071388#May", "title": "1890", "revid": 1364071388, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 29", "text": "June 29 – The International Exhibition opens at the \"White City\", Ashton Gate, Bristol. It closes on August 15, and the site is used as a military depot.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#June", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 10", "text": "10 April – A plane on route from Bristol, England to Basel crashes into a hillside while approaching the airport killing 108 out of the 145 people on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343353481#Events", "title": "1973 in Switzerland", "revid": 1343353481, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1980, "year_label": "1980 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 2", "text": "April 2 – The St Pauls riot breaks out in Bristol.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363797378#April", "title": "1980", "revid": 1363797378, "section": "Events › April"}}]}