{"slug": "boulogne-sur-mer", "label": "Boulogne-sur-Mer", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81997", "qid": "Q81997", "description": "French commune in Pas-de-Calais, Hauts-de-France", "entries": 19, "years": 16, "span": [43, 1953], "span_label": ["43 CE", "1953 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Boulogne", "Boulogne-Sur-Mer"], "related": [{"slug": "carausius", "label": "Carausius", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "english-channel", "label": "English Channel", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "dover", "label": "Dover", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "franks", "label": "Franks", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "gaul", "label": "Gaul", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "royal-navy", "label": "Royal Navy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "george-iv", "label": "George IV", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "alexander-i-of-russia", "label": "Alexander I of Russia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "new-south-wales", "label": "New South Wales", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "seine", "label": "Seine", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hampshire", "label": "Hampshire", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 43, "year_label": "43 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – Aulus Plautius, crossing (probably) from Boulogne (Bononia) in the Classis Britannica, lands with four Roman legions (20,000 men) and a similar number of auxiliaries at Rutupiae (probably modern Richborough) on the east coast of Kent. General (future emperor) Vespasian plays a major role in the defeat of the Britons led by the brothers Caratacus and Togodumnus (leaders of the Catuvellauni) in the 2-day Battle of the Medway (probably at the river near Rochester) and the Romans drive them back to and across the River Thames; Togodumnus dies soon after. Plautius halts at the Thames and sends for the Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373289291#AD_43", "title": "40s", "revid": 1373289291, "section": "Timeline › AD 43"}}, {"year": 285, "year_label": "285 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Carausius, naval commander at Bononia (modern-day Boulogne), is given the task of clearing the English Channel of Frankish and Saxon pirates.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367051271#Roman_Empire", "title": "285", "revid": 1367051271, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 293, "year_label": "293 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Constantius retakes some of the Gallic territories from the usurper Carausius. He conquers the crucial port of Bononia (modern Boulogne).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367495846#Roman_Empire", "title": "293", "revid": 1367495846, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 296, "year_label": "296 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In this or the previous year, Caesar Constantius I assembles two invasion fleets with the intent of overthrowing the usurper Allectus, who is based in Britain. The first is under the command of Asclepiodotus, Maximian's long-serving Praetorian Prefect. Asclepiodotus sails from the mouth of the Seine, and lands near the Isle of Wight, where his forces defeat Allectus in Hampshire. Allectus is killed in the fighting. Constantius leaves Boulogne with his fleet, and occupies London, where he slaughters some of Allectus' Frankish mercenaries. With this victory, the Romano-British regime first established by Carausius is overthrown, and Britain is re-incorporated into the rest of the empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267076673#Roman_Empire", "title": "296", "revid": 1267076673, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 305, "year_label": "305 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Constantine joins his father at Bononia (Boulogne) in Gaul; they cross the Channel to Britain and make their way to Eboracum (York), capital of Britannia Secunda and home to a large military base. They campaign with success against the Picts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330171757#Roman_Empire", "title": "305", "revid": 1330171757, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 1263, "year_label": "1263 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 2", "text": "October 2 – King Henry III of England travels to Boulogne for an attempt to broker peace with his barons by King Louis IX of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296179530#England", "title": "1263", "revid": 1296179530, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1308, "year_label": "1308 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 25", "text": "January 25 – King Edward II marries the 13-year-old Isabella of France, daughter of King Philip IV of France (\"Philip the Fair\"). The marriage takes place at Boulogne and Edward leaves his friend and favourite, Piers Gaveston, as regent in his absence. Isabella's wardrobe indicates her wealth and style – she has dresses of silk, velvet, taffeta and cloth along with numerous furs; she has over 72 headdresses and coifs. Isabella brings with her two gold crowns, gold and silver dinnerware and 419 yards of linen. Meanwhile, Edward alienates the nobles by placing Gaveston in such a powerful position, who react by signing the Boulogne agreement on January 31.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367315343#January_–_March", "title": "1308", "revid": 1367315343, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1544, "year_label": "1544 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19– Italian War of 1542–46: King Henry VIII of England begins the siege of the city of Boulogne in northern France and continues for almost two months before the city surrenders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359947848#July–September", "title": "1544", "revid": 1359947848, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1544, "year_label": "1544 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 9", "text": "October 9 – Second Siege of Boulogne: French forces under the Dauphin assault Boulogne, but are ultimately unsuccessful.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359947848#October–December", "title": "1544", "revid": 1359947848, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1550, "year_label": "1550 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 24", "text": "March 24 – \"Rough Wooing\": England and France sign the Treaty of Boulogne, by which England withdraws from Boulogne in France and returns territorial gains in Scotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369571608#January–March", "title": "1550", "revid": 1369571608, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1585, "year_label": "1585 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – English Catholic priest John Adams is banished from England along with 72 other Catholic priests, and transported by ship to Boulogne in France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365931198#July–September", "title": "1585", "revid": 1365931198, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1785, "year_label": "1785 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – After several attempts, Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and his companion, Pierre Romain, set off in a balloon from Boulogne-sur-Mer, but the balloon suddenly deflates (without the envelope catching fire) and crashes near Wimereux in the Pas-de-Calais, killing both men, making it the first fatal aviation disaster.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370566385#April–June", "title": "1785", "revid": 1370566385, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 6", "text": "June 6 – Beginning of the Allied sovereigns' visit to England: Tsar Alexander I of Russia and King Frederick William III of Prussia sail from Boulogne-Sur-Mer to Dover on board the Royal Navy ship HMS Impregnable as guests of George, Prince of Wales, the regent during the incapacity of King George III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360305709#April–June", "title": "1814", "revid": 1360305709, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 6", "text": "6 June – Beginning of the Allied sovereigns' visit to England: Tsar Alexander I of Russia and King Frederick William III of Prussia sail from Boulogne-Sur-Mer to Dover on board the Royal Navy ship HMS Impregnable as guests of George, Prince of Wales, the regent during the incapacity of King George III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360306653#Events", "title": "1814 in Germany", "revid": 1360306653, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1833, "year_label": "1833 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 31", "text": "August 31 – The chartered ship Amphitrite sinks off Boulogne-sur-Mer while transporting 108 British female convicts and 12 children from Woolwich in England to New South Wales in what is now Australia. All of the passengers die, along with 13 of the 16 crew, leaving 3 survivors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983797#July–September", "title": "1833", "revid": 1369983797, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1833, "year_label": "1833 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 31", "text": "31 August – Chartered ship Amphitrite sinks off Boulogne-sur-Mer while undertaking the penal transportation of 108 British female convicts and 12 children from Woolwich to New South Wales with the loss of 133 lives; only 3 crew survive.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333513646#Events", "title": "1833 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1333513646, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1891, "year_label": "1891 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 10", "text": "January 10 – In France, the Irish Nationalist leaders hold a conference at Boulogne. The French government promptly takes loan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369994059#January", "title": "1891", "revid": 1369994059, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 29", "text": "29 July – Alfred Loewenstein's corpse washes ashore at Boulogne-sur-Mer", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370734249#Events", "title": "1928 in Belgium", "revid": 1370734249, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1953, "year_label": "1953 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – The first roll-on/roll-off ferry crossing of the English Channel, Dover–Boulogne, takes place.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310369#June", "title": "1953", "revid": 1371310369, "section": "Events › June"}}]}