{"slug": "birmingham", "label": "Birmingham", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256", "qid": "Q2256", "description": "city in the West Midlands, England", "entries": 20, "years": 18, "span": [1154, 2022], "span_label": ["1154 CE", "2022 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 6}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "association-football", "label": "Association football", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-catholic-church", "label": "Roman Catholic Church", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "september", "label": "September", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "liverpool", "label": "Liverpool", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "manchester", "label": "Manchester", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lancashire", "label": "Lancashire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "george-iv", "label": "George IV", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "provisional-irish-republican-army", "label": "Provisional Irish Republican Army", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "virgil", "label": "Virgil", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sheffield", "label": "Sheffield", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1154, "year_label": "1154 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Peter de Bermingham has a charter to hold a market in Birmingham, origin of the Bull Ring.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362164172#England", "title": "1154", "revid": 1362164172, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1741, "year_label": "1741 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Upper Priory Cotton Mill is opened in Birmingham, England, as the world's first mechanised cotton mill by Lewis Paul and John Wyatt; although this is not a commercial success, other Paul-Wyatt cotton mills follow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360183595#Date_unknown", "title": "1741", "revid": 1360183595, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1741, "year_label": "1741 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Upper Priory Cotton Mill is opened in Birmingham as the world's first mechanised cotton mill by Lewis Paul and John Wyatt; although this is not a commercial success, other Paul-Wyatt cotton mills follow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275835304#Events", "title": "1741 in Great Britain", "revid": 1275835304, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1757, "year_label": "1757 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May", "text": "May – the Baskerville typeface, designed by John Baskerville of Birmingham, is first used in a wove paper quarto edition of Virgil.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363061643#Events", "title": "1757 in Great Britain", "revid": 1363061643, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1761, "year_label": "1761 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Industrial Revolution: Establishment of Matthew Boulton's Soho Manufactory near Birmingham to serve the \"Birmingham toy industry\", considered as the first factory for the production of metal goods in Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325432011#Undated", "title": "1761 in Great Britain", "revid": 1325432011, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1765, "year_label": "1765 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Taylors & Lloyds Bank established in Birmingham.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275835128#Undated", "title": "1765 in Great Britain", "revid": 1275835128, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1772, "year_label": "1772 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "September 21", "text": "21 September – Birmingham Canal Navigations main line open for traffic, linking Birmingham to the River Severn via the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275835037#Events", "title": "1772 in Great Britain", "revid": 1275835037, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1773, "year_label": "1773 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 27", "text": "27 May – Parliament passes the Plate Assay (Sheffield and Birmingham) Act 1772 (13 Geo. 3. c. 52) permitting assay offices in Birmingham and Sheffield.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347146307#Events", "title": "1773 in Great Britain", "revid": 1347146307, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1781, "year_label": "1781 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 3", "text": "3 December – first known building society established, in Birmingham.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374050988#Events", "title": "1781 in Great Britain", "revid": 1374050988, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1791, "year_label": "1791 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 14", "text": "July 14–17 – Priestley Riots against Dissenters in Birmingham, England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365416177#July–September", "title": "1791", "revid": 1365416177, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1794, "year_label": "1794 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "St Mary's College is established at Old Oscott, near Birmingham, the first Roman Catholic seminary in England since the Reformation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360241470#Undated", "title": "1794 in Great Britain", "revid": 1360241470, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1813, "year_label": "1813 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 27", "text": "27 December – 3 January 1814 – A thick fog blankets London causing the Prince Regent to turn back from a trip to Hatfield House and a mail coach to take 7 hours to reach Uxbridge on its way to Birmingham.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374053993#Events", "title": "1813 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1374053993, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Bingley Hall, the world's first purpose-built exhibition hall, opens in Birmingham, England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365770371#Date_unknown", "title": "1850", "revid": 1365770371, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1875, "year_label": "1875 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Association football team Birmingham City F.C. is founded as Small Heath Alliance in Birmingham by a group of cricketers from Holy Trinity Church, Bordesley, playing its first match in November.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360550767#Events", "title": "1875 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1360550767, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1875, "year_label": "1875 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September", "text": "September – English Association football team Birmingham City F.C. is founded as Small Heath Alliance in Birmingham by a group of cricketers from Holy Trinity Church, Bordesley, playing its first match in November.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371928758#September", "title": "1875", "revid": 1371928758, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1892, "year_label": "1892 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 3", "text": "3 September – Three years after the formation of the Football League, a Second Division is created. Its twelve members are: Small Heath of Birmingham, Sheffield United, Darwen of Lancashire, Grimsby Town, Ardwick of Manchester, Burton Swifts of Staffordshire, Northwich Victoria of Cheshire, Bootle of Liverpool, Lincoln City, Crewe Alexandra, Burslem Port Vale of Staffordshire and Walsall Town Swifts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360725724#Events", "title": "1892 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1360725724, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 29", "text": "May 29 – Diane Leather becomes the first woman to run a sub-five minute mile, in Birmingham, England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#May", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1974, "year_label": "1974 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 – Birmingham pub bombings: In Birmingham, England, two pubs are bombed, killing 21 people in an attack widely believed at the time to be linked to the Provisional Irish Republican Army. The Birmingham Six are later sentenced to life in prison for this, but their convictions are quashed after a lengthy campaign.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372602919#November–December", "title": "1974", "revid": 1372602919, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – 1981 Handsworth riots in Birmingham begin, followed by further 1981 England riots in several urban areas including Liverpool and Leeds.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#July", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28–August 8 – The 2022 Commonwealth Games is held in Birmingham, England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#July", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › July"}}]}