{"slug": "bethlehem", "label": "Bethlehem", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethlehem", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776", "qid": "Q5776", "description": "city in the West Bank, Palestine", "entries": 14, "years": 14, "span": [326, 2002], "span_label": ["326 CE", "2002 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 8}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "jerome", "label": "Jerome", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "holy-land", "label": "Holy Land", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "palestine-region", "label": "Palestine (region)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "christianity", "label": "Christianity", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "church-of-the-holy-sepulchre", "label": "Church of the Holy Sepulchre", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bible", "label": "Bible", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cicero", "label": "Cicero", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "vulgate", "label": "Vulgate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "church-building", "label": "Church (building)", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 326, "year_label": "326 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Helena tells Constantine that he must atone for executing his son and wife by building churches, and at about this date construction begins on Old St. Peter's Basilica, the first church on the traditional site of Saint Peter's tomb in Rome, and on the basilica of Golgotha on Calvary outside Jerusalem. He also commissions construction of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem (dedicated 339).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366011464#Religion", "title": "326", "revid": 1366011464, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 385, "year_label": "385 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Roman synod exiles the prophet Jerome, who has incorporated ideas first propounded by the Roman statesman Cicero. He departs for Egypt, Bethlehem, and Jerusalem, accompanied by the Christian ascetic Paula, who will edit Jerome's translation of the Bible, which becomes the Latin Vulgate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1280220298#Roman_Empire", "title": "385", "revid": 1280220298, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 388, "year_label": "388 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Jerome moves to Palestine, where he spends the rest of his life as a hermit near Bethlehem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321355496#Religion", "title": "388", "revid": 1321355496, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 430, "year_label": "430 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Peter the Iberian founds a Georgian monastery near Bethlehem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370135052#Religion", "title": "430", "revid": 1370135052, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 439, "year_label": "439 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The monastery of Mar Saba is founded near Bethlehem (Palestine).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1307025237#Religion", "title": "439", "revid": 1307025237, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 527, "year_label": "527 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem is rebuilt until 565, restoring the architectural tone of the basilica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340793725#Religion", "title": "527", "revid": 1340793725, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1099, "year_label": "1099 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 2", "text": "June 2–6 – The Crusaders occupy Arsuf and turn inland towards Ramlah, where they reorganise for the march against Jerusalem. A Crusader force under Tancred liberates Bethlehem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265715#First_Crusade", "title": "1099", "revid": 1365265715, "section": "Events › By place › First Crusade"}}, {"year": 1100, "year_label": "1100 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – French Crusader Baldwin I is crowned first King of Jerusalem at the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, by Daimbert, the new Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, following the death of the previous ruler, Baldwin's brother Godfrey of Bouillon, on July 18.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265768#Levant", "title": "1100", "revid": 1365265768, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1229, "year_label": "1229 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – Treaty of Jaffa: Emperor Frederick II signs a 10-year truce together with Sultan Al-Kamil and his representatives; he manages to regain many parts of the Holy Land through political negotiation, rather than by resorting to military force or directly confronting the Muslim army. Frederick's achievements, including the control of Jerusalem (without the Temple Mount) and Bethlehem, with a corridor running through Lydda to the sea of Jaffa, as well as Nazareth and western Galilee, including Montfort Castle and Toron, and the remaining Muslim districts around Sidon. All Muslims are to be allowed the right of entry in Jerusalem and freedom of worship.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488290#Sixth_Crusade", "title": "1229", "revid": 1367488290, "section": "Events › By place › Sixth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1372, "year_label": "1372 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – Saint Bridget sets out on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, staying in Cyprus until May 12. In August, she is in Bethlehem where she sees a vision of Jesus' birth. In September, she sets sail for Naples, where she arrives in December.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370079239#January–March", "title": "1372", "revid": 1370079239, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1757, "year_label": "1757 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "A firman (decree) of Ottoman sultan Osman III (d. October 30) preserves the division of ownership and responsibilities of various Christian holy places in Jerusalem and Bethlehem (e.g. the former's Church of the Holy Sepulchre); this becomes established as the Status Quo in international law.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370632620#Date_unknown", "title": "1757", "revid": 1370632620, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 25", "text": "25 September – Operation Lulav (מבצע לולב): Following the murder of the participants in an archaeological conference held in Ramat Rachel and the murder of two farmers from Moshav Aminadav and Kibbutz Maoz Haim, IDF forces raid the police fort at Husan, near Bethlehem, in the West Bank (then under the control of Jordan). Thirty-seven Legionnaires and National Guardsmen were killed as well as two civilians. Nine IDF members were also killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1317066097#Israeli–Palestinian_conflict", "title": "1956 in Israel", "revid": 1317066097, "section": "Events › Israeli–Palestinian conflict"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 28", "text": "28 September – The Oslo II Accord is officially signed at a public ceremony in Washington, DC by Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian President Yasser Arafat and witnessed by US President Bill Clinton, which includes provision for the transfer of control of Bethlehem, Jenin, Nablus, Qalqilya, Ramallah, Tulkarm and some 450 villages to the Palestinian Authority.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370927034#Events", "title": "1995 in Palestine", "revid": 1370927034, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2002, "year_label": "2002 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 2", "text": "April 2 – Siege of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem: Israeli forces besiege the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem when militants take shelter there. The siege will last for 38 days.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372652846#April", "title": "2002", "revid": 1372652846, "section": "Events › April"}}]}