{"slug": "batu-khan", "label": "Batu Khan", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_Khan", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175138", "qid": "Q175138", "description": "Khan of the Golden Horde", "entries": 11, "years": 11, "span": [1205, 1255], "span_label": ["1205 CE", "1255 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "kievan-rus", "label": "Kievan Rus'", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "subutai", "label": "Subutai", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "golden-horde", "label": "Golden Horde", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "jochi", "label": "Jochi", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "central-asia", "label": "Central Asia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "europe", "label": "Europe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "turkic-peoples", "label": "Turkic peoples", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "moscow", "label": "Moscow", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "crimea", "label": "Crimea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "caucasus", "label": "Caucasus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "khan-title", "label": "Khan (title)", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1205, "year_label": "1205 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Batu Khan, Mongol ruler of the Golden Horde (d. 1255)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624697#Births", "title": "1205", "revid": 1357624697, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1227, "year_label": "1227 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Prince Tolui, Mongol regent and youngest son of Genghis Khan, assembles a Kurultai in the homelands of Mongolia. He persuades the chieftains of the clan to carry out Genghis' wishes. Ögedei Khan receives the Great Khanate. Genghis' eldest son, Jochi, dies before him, and his lands are divided between his two sons Batu Khan and Orda Khan, who rule the Western provinces (the Golden Horde and White Horde). Genghis' second son, Chagatai Khan, inherits the former Uigur and Kara-Khanid Khanate (now called the Chagatai Khanate). Tolui receives the Mongol homelands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488499#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1227", "revid": 1367488499, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1236, "year_label": "1236 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Mongols under Batu Khan, eldest of Jochi, sweep across Central Asia. They settle in the Russian steppe, curtailing the power of the Kievan Rus', extracting tribute from their neighbors, and disrupting their relationship with the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428601#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1236", "revid": 1361428601, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1237, "year_label": "1237 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus': The Mongol army commanded by Batu Khan and Subutai, invades the Principality of Ryazan (with representatives of all four khanates leading some 100,000 Mongol, Turks and Persian forces into Europe). In December, Batu Khan sends envoys to the Rus' court of Grand Prince Yuri Igorevich and demands the submission of the capital Ryazan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300110077#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1237", "revid": 1300110077, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1238, "year_label": "1238 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15–20 – Siege of Moscow: The Mongols under Batu Khan and Subutai campaign across the northern heartland of the Kievan Rus', committing numerous atrocities across multiple settlements, including the sacking of an insignificant town known as Moscow. According to the Chronicle of Novgorod, Moscow is a fortified village, a trading post \"on a crossroads of four rivers\". The village is taken by the Mongols after 5 days of siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337076438#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1238", "revid": 1337076438, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1239, "year_label": "1239 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus': The Mongols under Batu Khan continue their campaign across the Pontic Steppe. After devastating the Crimea and campaigning against the Circassians in the Caucasus, they turn towards the Kievan Rus'. In March, Pereyaslavl, capital of the Principality of Pereyaslavl, is sacked by the Mongols.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650554#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1239", "revid": 1368650554, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1240, "year_label": "1240 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – The Mongols under Batu Khan cross the frozen river Dnieper and lay siege to the city of Kiev. On December 6, the walls are rendered rubble by Chinese catapults and the Mongols pour into the city. Brutal hand-to-hand street fighting occurs, the Kievans are eventually forced to fall back to the central parts of the city. Many people take refuge in the Church of the Blessed Virgin. As scores of terrified Kievans climb onto the Church's upper balcony to shield themselves from Mongol arrows, their collective weight strains its infrastructure, causing the roof to collapse and crush countless citizens under its weight. Of a total population of 50,000, all but 2,000 are massacred.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428406#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1240", "revid": 1361428406, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1241, "year_label": "1241 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – Battle of Mohi: Batu Khan and Subutai defeat Béla IV of Hungary. The battle is the last major event in the Mongol Invasion of Europe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362486166#Events", "title": "1241", "revid": 1362486166, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1242, "year_label": "1242 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Alexander Nevsky sends envoys to Batu Khan, preemptively capitulating before the Mongols even though they have not reached Novgorod, and accepts his rule as Mongol overlord.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360512210#Europe", "title": "1242", "revid": 1360512210, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1250, "year_label": "1250 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "A kurultai is called by Batu Khan in Siberia as part of maneuverings which will elect Möngke Khan as khan of the Mongol Empire in 1251.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360895476#Asia", "title": "1250", "revid": 1360895476, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1255, "year_label": "1255 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Batu Khan, Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315790496#Deaths", "title": "1255", "revid": 1315790496, "section": "Deaths"}}]}