{"slug": "augustus-title", "label": "Augustus (title)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_%28title%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211804", "qid": "Q211804", "description": "imperial rank, honorific and title", "entries": 32, "years": 31, "span": [-26, 659], "span_label": ["27 BCE", "659 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 12}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 9}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Augustus (honorific)"], "related": [{"slug": "caesar-title", "label": "Caesar (title)", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "licinius", "label": "Licinius", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "theodosius-i", "label": "Theodosius I", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "western-roman-empire", "label": "Western Roman Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "constantine-the-great", "label": "Constantine the Great", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "galerius", "label": "Galerius", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "maximian", "label": "Maximian", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "maximinus-daza", "label": "Maximinus Daza", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "zeno-emperor", "label": "Zeno (emperor)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ancient-rome", "label": "Ancient Rome", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -26, "year_label": "27 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 16", "text": "January 16 – Octavian formally returns full power to the Senate; they give him the titles of Princeps and Augustus. He accepts this honor, having declined the alternative title of Romulus, thus becoming first Roman emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364334819#Roman_Republic/Empire", "title": "27 BC", "revid": 1364334819, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic/Empire"}}, {"year": 177, "year_label": "177 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Commodus is given the title Augustus, and is made co-emperor, with the same status as his father, Marcus Aurelius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371305288#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 177", "revid": 1371305288, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 196, "year_label": "196 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "In order to assure the support of the Roman legion in Germany on his march to Rome, Clodius Albinus is declared Augustus by his army while crossing Gaul.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371314273#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 196", "revid": 1371314273, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 198, "year_label": "198 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 28", "text": "January 28 – Caracalla, son of Septimius Severus, is given the title of Augustus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371314592#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 198", "revid": 1371314592, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 209, "year_label": "209 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Publius Septimius Geta receives the titles of Imperator and Augustus from his father, Emperor Septimius Severus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371191170#Roman_Empire", "title": "209", "revid": 1371191170, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 244, "year_label": "244 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Philip the Arab is recognized by the Roman Senate as the new Roman Emperor with the honorific Augustus. He nominates his son Philippus, age 6, with the title of Caesar and makes him heir to the throne; gives his brother Priscus supreme power (rector Orientis) in the Eastern provinces; and begins construction of the city of Shahba (Syria) in the province of his birth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371227716#Roman_Empire", "title": "244", "revid": 1371227716, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 253, "year_label": "253 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Aemilianus is murdered at Spoletium and Publius Valerianus, age 60, is recognised as the new emperor by the Rhine legions. He gives his son Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus the title Augustus. Valerianus I dispatches him to the Danube where the Goths have violated the treaty signed with Rome and invaded Moesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188254#Roman_Empire", "title": "253", "revid": 1371188254, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 260, "year_label": "260 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Saloninus, son of Gallienus, is proclaimed Augustus by his troops. Postumus besieges Cologne, where Silvanus is praetorian prefect and Roman ruler of Gaul.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187251#Roman_Empire", "title": "260", "revid": 1371187251, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 286, "year_label": "286 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 1", "text": "April 1 – Diocletian rewards Maximian by elevating him to co-emperor, giving him the title Augustus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326554179#Roman_Empire", "title": "286", "revid": 1326554179, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 303, "year_label": "303 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – The Augusti Diocletian and Maximian reunite in Rome to celebrate the 20th anniversary of Diocletian's accession, which is now treated as a joint anniversary for both emperors. A series of columns in the Roman Forum and a triumphal arch are dedicated to the emperors. The two emperors also agree on a plan of abdication.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330172013#Roman_Empire", "title": "303", "revid": 1330172013, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 305, "year_label": "305 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Constantius I and Galerius are declared Augusti; Flavius Valerius Severus and Maximinus Daza are appointed Caesars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330171757#Roman_Empire", "title": "305", "revid": 1330171757, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 307, "year_label": "307 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – Following the murder of Severus, Galerius promotes Licinius to Augustus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1335486111#Roman_Empire", "title": "307", "revid": 1335486111, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 308, "year_label": "308 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – The Conference of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, Galerius recalls Diocletian briefly from retirement, and they convene with Maximian. Diocletian persuades Maximian to return to retirement, and he and Galerius declare Maxentius a public enemy. Licinius is proclaimed Augustus of the west, while rival contender Constantine I is again declared Caesar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330171358#Roman_Empire", "title": "308", "revid": 1330171358, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 310, "year_label": "310 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Maximinus Daza, caesar under Emperor Galerius, is acclaimed augustus by his troops. Galerius is forced to recognize him as co-ruler of the East. The Roman Empire is thus divided between seven simultaneous emperors: Galerius (East), Maximinus II (East), Licinius (Middle), Constantine I (West), Maximian (West), Maxentius (Italy), and Domitius Alexander (Africa).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349300512#Roman_Empire", "title": "310", "revid": 1349300512, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 316, "year_label": "316 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Licinius elevates Valerius Valens to Augustus, and mobilises an army against Constantine. Bassianus is accused of conspiracy and executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364758307#Roman_Empire", "title": "316", "revid": 1364758307, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 316, "year_label": "316 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 – Battle of Cibalae: Constantine the Great defeats his rival Licinius near the town of Colonia Aurelia Cibalae (modern-day Vinkovci, Croatia). Licinius is forced to flee to Sirmium and loses all of the Balkans except for Thrace. Peace negotiations are initiated between the two Augusti, but they are unsuccessful.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364758307#Roman_Empire", "title": "316", "revid": 1364758307, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 337, "year_label": "337 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342549552#Roman_Empire", "title": "337", "revid": 1342549552, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 364, "year_label": "364 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28 – Valens, brother of Valentinian I, is appointed co-emperor (Augustus) in the palace of Hebdomon (Turkey). He rules the Eastern portion of the Roman Empire, from the Danube to the Persian border, and begins the first anti-pagan persecutions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332420284#Roman_Empire", "title": "364", "revid": 1332420284, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 367, "year_label": "367 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 4", "text": "August 4 – Gratian receives the title of Augustus under his father, Valentinian I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326556842#Roman_Empire", "title": "367", "revid": 1326556842, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 379, "year_label": "379 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 19", "text": "January 19 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium, giving him the title Augustus with power over all the eastern provinces. Theodosius comes to terms with the Visigoths and settles them in the Balkans as military allies (foederati).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367645183#Roman_Empire", "title": "379", "revid": 1367645183, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 383, "year_label": "383 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Theodosius I cedes Dacia and Macedonia to Valentinian II. They recognize Magnus Maximus as Augustus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349205021#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 383", "revid": 1349205021, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 384, "year_label": "384 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Magnus Maximus elevates his son Flavius Victor to the rank of Augustus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364741473#Roman_Empire", "title": "384", "revid": 1364741473, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 388, "year_label": "388 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Flavius Victor, Roman co-emperor (Augustus)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321355496#Deaths", "title": "388", "revid": 1321355496, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 393, "year_label": "393 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his son Honorius, age 8, co-ruler (Augustus) of the Western Roman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364744069#Roman_Empire", "title": "393", "revid": 1364744069, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 412, "year_label": "412 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Jovinus elevates his brother Sebastianus as co-emperor (Augustus) and takes control of Gaul.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346865702#Roman_Empire", "title": "412", "revid": 1346865702, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 421, "year_label": "421 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 8", "text": "February 8 – Constantius III is appointed co-emperor (Augustus) with his ineffectual brother-in-law, Honorius, and becomes the real ruler of the Western Roman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364903948#Roman_Empire", "title": "421", "revid": 1364903948, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 425, "year_label": "425 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – Valentinian III, six-year-old son of Galla Placidia, is installed as emperor (Augustus) of the Western Roman Empire. Real power is in the hands of his mother who becomes a regent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367645280#Roman_Empire", "title": "425", "revid": 1367645280, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 474, "year_label": "474 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 9", "text": "February 9 – Zeno, father of Leo II, is crowned as co-emperor (Augustus). He rules the empire together with his son, and stabilises the Eastern frontier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360137662#Roman_Empire", "title": "474", "revid": 1360137662, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 475, "year_label": "475 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 9", "text": "January 9 – Emperor Zeno abdicates under pressure, as his wife's uncle Basiliscus stages a coup d'état at Constantinople, with support from Zeno's trusted adviser and fellow Isaurian Illus. Basiliscus usurps the throne and is proclaimed new emperor (Augustus) of the Eastern Roman Empire. He begins a 20-month reign; Zeno and his supporters flee to Isauria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360137651#Roman_Empire", "title": "475", "revid": 1360137651, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 638, "year_label": "638 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – Heraklonas, age 12, son of Heraclius, obtains (through the influence of his mother Martina) the title of Augustus. This brings him in rivalry with his elder half-brother Constantine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557443#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "638", "revid": 1369557443, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 654, "year_label": "654 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Constans II appoints his son Constantine IV, age 2, co-emperor (Augustus). He is too young to rule as monarch of the Byzantine Empire, and his title remains a given name.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362652029#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "654", "revid": 1362652029, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 659, "year_label": "659 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Constans II elevates his son Heraclius to the rank of co-emperor (Augustus), alongside his brother Tiberius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804363#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "659", "revid": 1340804363, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}]}