{"slug": "amida-mesopotamia", "label": "Amida (Mesopotamia)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amida_%28Mesopotamia%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555783", "qid": "Q555783", "description": "human settlement at site of modern Diyarbakır, Turkey", "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [359, 1402], "span_label": ["359 CE", "1402 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Amida (Roman city)"], "related": [{"slug": "edessa", "label": "Edessa", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "anastasius-i-dicorus", "label": "Anastasius I Dicorus", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iraq", "label": "Iraq", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "diyarbakr", "label": "Diyarbakır", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mesopotamia", "label": "Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tigris", "label": "Tigris", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "osroene", "label": "Osroene", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kavad-i", "label": "Kavad I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "aq-qoyunlu", "label": "Aq Qoyunlu", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "july", "label": "July", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 359, "year_label": "359 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Amida: Shapur II besieges the Roman fortress of Amida (modern Diyarbakir). After seventy-three days the city is conquered and the population is massacred by the Persians. Ammianus Marcellinus is a fortunate survivor and flees to Singara (Iraq).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332409759#Roman_Empire", "title": "359", "revid": 1332409759, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 502, "year_label": "502 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Kavadh I besieges the fortress-city of Amida (modern Turkey). The defenders, although unsupported by Byzantine troops, repel the Persian assaults for three months before they are finally beaten.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748175#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "AD 502", "revid": 1364748175, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 503, "year_label": "503 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "War with Sassanid Persia: Emperor Anastasius I sends a Byzantine army (52,000 men) to Armenia, but is defeated. The Romans attempt an unsuccessful siege of the Persian-held city Amida, on the Tigris. King Kavadh I invades Osroene, and lays siege to the city of Edessa (Northern Mesopotamia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364904019#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "503", "revid": 1364904019, "section": "Events › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 504, "year_label": "504 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "War with Sassanid Persia: Emperor Anastasius I gains the upper hand in Armenia, with the renewed investment of Amida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747389#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "504", "revid": 1364747389, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 506, "year_label": "506 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November", "text": "November – Emperor Anastasius I accepts a peace agreement with the Sasanian Empire (Persia), based on the status quo. He upgrades the fortifications at Batnae, Edessa and Amida (Northern Mesopotamia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364757912#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "506", "revid": 1364757912, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 638, "year_label": "638 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab-Byzantine War: The invading Rashidun army under Khalid ibn al-Walid moves into Anatolia, conquering (without strong Byzantine resistance) the cities of Kahramanmaraş, Caesarea Cappadociae, Sebastia, and Malatya (west of the Taurus Mountains). Arab forces march into Armenia, where they capture the cities Edessa and Amida up to the Ararat plain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557443#Arabian_Empire", "title": "638", "revid": 1369557443, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 973, "year_label": "973 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July", "text": "July: Melias moves against Amida (modern Turkey). He defeats the Arabs outside the walls, and begins to lay siege to the city. After a few days, a violent wind and a thick dust spreads over the Byzantine camp. Covered by the dust, the Arabs attack and rout the Byzantines. Many of them are slaughtered and some, including Melias, are taken prisoner. Previous Byzantine gains in the area are lost. The wounded Melias dies later in captivity.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354273404#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "973", "revid": 1354273404, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1402, "year_label": "1402 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Aq Qoyunlu (\"White Sheep Turkmen\") tribal confederation, in modern-day northern Iraq and Iran, moves its capital from Amida to Diyarbakır.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371594109#Date_unknown", "title": "1402", "revid": 1371594109, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}