{"slug": "acarnania", "label": "Acarnania", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acarnania", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416070", "qid": "Q416070", "description": "historical region in West Greece", "entries": 15, "years": 13, "span": [-453, -199], "span_label": ["454 BCE", "200 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 12}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Acarnanians"], "related": [{"slug": "macedonia-ancient-kingdom", "label": "Macedonia (ancient kingdom)", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "gulf-of-corinth", "label": "Gulf of Corinth", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "achaea", "label": "Achaea", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ancient-corinth", "label": "Ancient Corinth", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "boeotia", "label": "Boeotia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "sparta", "label": "Sparta", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "peloponnese", "label": "Peloponnese", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "epirus", "label": "Epirus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "antigonus-iii-doson", "label": "Antigonus III Doson", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "cassander", "label": "Cassander", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "aetolia", "label": "Aetolia", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -453, "year_label": "454 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Pericles leads a naval expedition in the Corinthian Gulf, in which Athens defeats Achaea. He then attacks Sicyon and Acarnania, after which he unsuccessfully tries to take Oeniadea on the Corinthian Gulf, before returning to Athens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1302076125#Greece", "title": "454 BC", "revid": 1302076125, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -428, "year_label": "429 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Athenian admiral Phormio has two naval victories, the Naupactus and the Battle of Rhium at the mouth of the Corinthian Gulf. In the first battle, his 20 ships defeat 47 Corinthian ships commanded by Machaon, Isocrates, and Agatharchidas that were advancing to reinforce the Spartan general, Cnemus's campaign in Acarnania. In the second battle, Phormio routs Cnemus's 77-vessel fleet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172916#Greece", "title": "429 BC", "revid": 1354172916, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -428, "year_label": "429 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Macedonian king, Perdiccas II, once again betrays the Athenians and sends 1000 troops to support a Spartan assault on Acarnania but they arrive too late to help. In response to this, King Sitalkes of Thrace invades Macedonia with a vast army that includes independent Thracian tribes (such as the Dii) and Paionian tribes (Agrianes and Laeaeans). His progress is slowed when the promised support from Athens fails to materialise. So Perdiccas once again uses diplomacy to ensure the survival of Macedonia. He promises the hand of his sister in marriage to the nephew of Sitalkes, who then persuades Sitalkes to leave Macedonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172916#Greece", "title": "429 BC", "revid": 1354172916, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -425, "year_label": "426 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Demosthenes unsuccessfully besieges the Corinthian colony of Leukas. As a result, he does not return to Athens, fearing for his life. However when, later in the year, Ambracia invades Acarnania, and the Acarnanians seek help from Demosthenes, who is patrolling the Ionian Sea coast with twenty Athenian ships, he reaches the Athenian naval base in the Gulf of Corinth at Naupactus and secures it just in time to defend it against a large Spartan army from Delphi under Eurylochus which has come to assist the Ambraciots. Demosthenes defeats the Spartan army and Eurylochus is killed during the Battle of Olpae. The Acarnanians and Ambraciots then sign a peace treaty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172947#Greece", "title": "426 BC", "revid": 1354172947, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -388, "year_label": "389 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "A Spartan expeditionary force under King Agesilaus II crosses the Gulf of Corinth to attack Acarnania, an ally of the anti-Spartan coalition. Agesilaus is eventually able to draw them into a pitched battle, in which the Acarnanians are routed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292700126#Greece", "title": "389 BC", "revid": 1292700126, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -376, "year_label": "377 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Timotheus wins over the Acarnanians and Molossians as friends of Athens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1328334796#Greece", "title": "377 BC", "revid": 1328334796, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -373, "year_label": "374 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sparta attacks Corcyra, enlisting Syracusan help. Athens comes to the island's aid. The Athenian general, Timotheus, captures Corcyra and defeats the Spartans at sea off Alyzia (Acarnania).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367114817#Greece", "title": "374 BC", "revid": 1367114817, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -337, "year_label": "338 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Athens arranges an alliance with Euboea, Megara, Achaea, Corinth, Acarnania and some other states in the Peloponnesus. However, the most desirable ally for Athens is Thebes. Therefore, the Athenian leader, Demosthenes, goes to the Boeotian city and secures an alliance with Thebes despite the efforts of a Macedonian deputation to persuade Thebes to join with Macedonia. In return, Athens agrees to Thebes controlling Boeotia, Thebes being in command solely on land and jointly at sea, and Athens paying two thirds of the campaign's cost.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172728#Macedonia", "title": "338 BC", "revid": 1354172728, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonia"}}, {"year": -312, "year_label": "313 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Cassander, hearing of Aristodemus' success with the Aetolians, marches south in force, persuades the Acarnanians to ally with him, and campaigns successfully along the Adriatic coast; capturing Apollonia and defeating the Illyrian king Glaucius. At the end of the year Cassander returns to Macedon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300255025#Greece", "title": "313 BC", "revid": 1300255025, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -312, "year_label": "313 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Philip marches into Acarnania to prevent Aeacides from linking up with the Aetolians. Philip defeats Aeacides in battle, killing many Epirotes and capturing 50 leading supporters of Aeacides, sending them as prisoners to Macedon. Aeacides, with the remnant of his forces, joins the Aetolians. Philip catches up to Aeacides and the Aetolians at Oeniadae and defeats them in battle. Aeacides, who was wounded in the Battle of Oeniadae, dies a few days later. The remaining Aetolian army takes refuge in the surrounding mountains.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300255025#Greece", "title": "313 BC", "revid": 1300255025, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -311, "year_label": "312 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alcetas advances on the Macedonian garrison of Acarnania under Lyciscus, a general of Cassander. Three battles are fought and a defeated Alcetas flees to a fortress in Epirus. Cassander marches the main Macedonian field army into Epirus and forces Alcetas to ally with him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172925#Greece/Macedon/Thrace", "title": "312 BC", "revid": 1354172925, "section": "Events › By place › Greece/Macedon/Thrace"}}, {"year": -293, "year_label": "294 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Pyrrhus of Epirus exploits the dynastic quarrel in Macedonia involving Alexander V of Macedon, his brother, Antipater II and Demetrius Poliorcetes to take over the frontier areas of Parauaea and Tymphaea, along with Acarnania, Ampholochia, and Ambracia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129455#Greece", "title": "294 BC", "revid": 1350129455, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -222, "year_label": "223 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The king of Macedonia, Antigonus III Doson, restores Macedonian influence in the Peloponnese for the first time in almost two decades. After signing alliances with the Achaeans, Boeotians, Thessalians and the Acarnanians, Antigonus invades the Peloponnese and drives the Spartans out of Argos, taking Orchomenus and Mantineia in the process.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243366265#Greece", "title": "223 BC", "revid": 1243366265, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -221, "year_label": "222 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Sellasia: Cleomenes III of Sparta is defeated by Antigonus III of Macedon and his allies (the Achaean League, the Boeotian League, the Acarnanians, Epirus and the Illyrians under the command of Demetrius of Pharos) near Sellasia (north of Sparta) and flees to Egypt under the protection of King Ptolemy III. Antigonus III's forces occupy Sparta, which is the first time this city has ever been occupied.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1295080485#Greece", "title": "222 BC", "revid": 1295080485, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -199, "year_label": "200 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Acarnanians, with Macedonian support, invade Attica, causing Athens, which has previously maintained its neutrality, to seek help from the enemies of Philip. Attalus I of Pergamum, who is with his fleet at Aegina, receives an embassy from Athens asking him to come to the city for consultations. After he is told that Roman ambassadors are also in Athens, Attalus goes there in haste.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360771623#Greece", "title": "200 BC", "revid": 1360771623, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}]}