{"slug": "abraham-lincoln", "label": "Abraham Lincoln", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91", "qid": "Q91", "description": "president of the United States from 1861 to 1865 (1809-1865)", "entries": 42, "years": 19, "span": [1778, 1937], "span_label": ["1778 CE", "1937 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 14}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Births", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 3}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "american-civil-war", "label": "American Civil War", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "president-of-the-united-states", "label": "President of the United States", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "confederate-states-of-america", "label": "Confederate States of America", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "republican-party-united-states", "label": "Republican Party (United States)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states", "label": "United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-york-city", "label": "New York City", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states-senate", "label": "United States Senate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states-secretary-of-state", "label": "United States Secretary of State", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "virginia", "label": "Virginia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "west-virginia", "label": "West Virginia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "reconstruction-era", "label": "Reconstruction era", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – Thomas Lincoln, farmer and father of President Abraham Lincoln (died 1851)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371257903#Births", "title": "1778 in the United States", "revid": 1371257903, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1784, "year_label": "1784 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – Nancy Hanks, mother of Abraham Lincoln (d. 1818)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567291#Births", "title": "1784", "revid": 1370567291, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1809, "year_label": "1809 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States (d. 1865)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349276571#January–June", "title": "1809", "revid": 1349276571, "section": "Births › January–June"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 10", "text": "May 10 – John Wilkes Booth, American actor, assassin of Abraham Lincoln (d. 1865)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360381946#April–June", "title": "1838", "revid": 1360381946, "section": "Births › April–June"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 – John Hay, diplomat, private secretary to Abraham Lincoln, 37th United States Secretary of State (d. 1905)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360381946#October–December", "title": "1838", "revid": 1360381946, "section": "Births › October–December"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – Johnny Appleseed meets Abraham Lincoln, and plants apple trees in New York City.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360387586#April–June", "title": "1840", "revid": 1360387586, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – Robert Todd Lincoln, American politician, businessman, first son of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln (d. 1926)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366016136#August", "title": "1843", "revid": 1366016136, "section": "Births › August"}}, {"year": 1849, "year_label": "1849 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – Future President Abraham Lincoln receives a patent, for a device designed to lift boats over river obstructions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369768167#Events", "title": "1849 in the United States", "revid": 1369768167, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 - Abraham Lincoln’s second son, Edward Baker Lincoln, died at the age of three after 52 days for struggling with tuberculosis (consumption) before his fourth birthday in Springfield, Illinois.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365770371#January–March", "title": "1850", "revid": 1365770371, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1854, "year_label": "1854 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 16", "text": "October 16 – Abraham Lincoln, in his \"Peoria speech\", expresses opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, Popular Sovereignty, and the expansion of slavery in the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369640866#July–December", "title": "1854 in the United States", "revid": 1369640866, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1858, "year_label": "1858 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16 – Abraham Lincoln accepts the Republican Party nomination for a seat in the United States Senate, delivering his House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371625769#April–June", "title": "1858", "revid": 1371625769, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – Abraham Lincoln makes his Cooper Union speech in New York, which is largely responsible for his election to the presidency.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#February", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "October 15", "text": "October 15 – 11-year-old Grace Bedell writes to Abraham Lincoln telling him to grow a beard.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373933383#October–December", "title": "1860 in the United States", "revid": 1373933383, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – 1860 United States presidential election: Abraham Lincoln elected as the 16th President of the United States, the first Republican to hold that office, defeating John C. Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, and John Bell.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#November", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – 1860 United States presidential election: Abraham Lincoln beats John C. Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, and John Bell and is elected as the 16th president of the United States, the first Republican to hold that office.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373933383#October–December", "title": "1860 in the United States", "revid": 1373933383, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, D.C. in light of suspicions of a conspiracy in Baltimore to kill him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#February", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – Abraham Lincoln is sworn in as the 16th president of the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#March", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – American Civil War: President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus in the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#April", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus in Maryland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369652348#April–June", "title": "1861 in the United States", "revid": 1369652348, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 – American Civil War: Battle of Ball's Bluff – Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops, in the second major battle of the war. Baker, a close friend of Abraham Lincoln, is also killed in the fighting.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#October", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln signs a bill into law creating the U.S. Bureau of Agriculture (later renamed U.S. Department of Agriculture).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#May", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln signs the Homestead Act into law.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#May", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln signs into law the Pacific Railroad Acts, authorizing construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#July", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – President Abraham Lincoln signs into law the Pacific Railway Acts, authorizing construction of the first transcontinental railroad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370943359#July", "title": "1862 in the United States", "revid": 1370943359, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln signs the Morrill Land-Grant Act into law, creating a system of land-grant colleges, to teach agricultural and mechanical sciences across the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#July", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 19", "text": "August 19 – Horace Greeley publishes an editorial, \"The Prayer of Twenty Millions\", in the New York Tribune, in which he urges U.S. President Abraham Lincoln to make abolition of slavery an official aim of the Union war effort.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#August", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln restores Union General George B. McClellan to full command, after General John Pope's disastrous defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#September", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – American Civil War: The preliminary announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation is made by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln: From January 1, 1863, slaves in the Confederate States will be considered free.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#September", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – American Civil War: Preliminary announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation by President Abraham Lincoln: From January 1, 1863, slaves in the Confederate States will be considered free.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370943359#September", "title": "1862 in the United States", "revid": 1370943359, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 14", "text": "November 14 – President Abraham Lincoln approves the plan by General Ambrose Burnside to capture the Confederate capital city of Richmond, Virginia. This plan leads to a disastrous Union defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#November", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December", "text": "U.S. President Abraham Lincoln signs an act that admits West Virginia to the Union, thus dividing Virginia into two.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#December", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – In his State of the Union address, President Abraham Lincoln reaffirms the necessity of ending slavery, as he ordered ten weeks earlier in his Emancipation Proclamation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#December", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1863, "year_label": "1863 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate States of America an official war goal. The signing proclaims the freedom of 3.1 million of the nation's four million slaves and immediately frees 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as the Union Army advances. This event marks the start of America's Reconstruction Era.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363782030#January", "title": "1863", "revid": 1363782030, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1864, "year_label": "1864 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – President Abraham Lincoln signs the Yosemite Grant Act, precursor to Yosemite National Park.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373612305#June", "title": "1864 in the United States", "revid": 1373612305, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1864, "year_label": "1864 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "July", "text": "July – President Abraham Lincoln signs a law that abolishes the commutation fee that could be paid to in lieu of conscription.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373612305#July", "title": "1864 in the United States", "revid": 1373612305, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1864, "year_label": "1864 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 8", "text": "November 8 – 1864 United States presidential election: Abraham Lincoln is reelected, in an overwhelming victory over George B. McClellan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369213895#November", "title": "1864", "revid": 1369213895, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – Assassination of Abraham Lincoln: President of the United States Abraham Lincoln is shot while attending an evening performance of the farce Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., by actor and Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#April", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States (b. 1809)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#January–June", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Deaths › January–June"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – Following Abraham Lincoln's assassination on April 14, the four conspirators condemned to death during the trial are hanged, including David Herold, George Atzerodt, Lewis Powell and Mary Surratt. Her son, John Surratt, escapes execution by fleeing to Canada, and ultimately to Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#July", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – John Hay, American diplomat, private secretary to Abraham Lincoln (b. 1838)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#July–August", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Deaths › July–August"}}, {"year": 1926, "year_label": "1926 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – Robert Todd Lincoln, American statesman and businessman, son of 16th President Abraham Lincoln (b. 1843)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373503199#July–September", "title": "1926", "revid": 1373503199, "section": "Deaths › July–September"}}, {"year": 1937, "year_label": "1937 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – Abraham Lincoln's head is dedicated at Mount Rushmore.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371759714#September", "title": "1937", "revid": 1371759714, "section": "Events › September"}}]}