{"slug": "september-7", "label": "September 7", "month": "September", "day": 7, "groups": [{"title": "Events", "items": [{"year": 397, "year_label": "397 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "First Council of Toledo: Hispanic bishops, including Lampius, condemn Priscillianism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364744022#Religion", "title": "397", "revid": 1364744022, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 684, "year_label": "684 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Science & Discovery", "text": "A large comet is observed in Japan (it's Japan's oldest observation record of Halley's Comet).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805928#Japan", "title": "684", "revid": 1340805928, "section": "Events › By place › Asia › Japan"}}, {"year": 878, "year_label": "878 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Pope John VIII crowns Louis the Stammerer as king of the West Frankish Kingdom, in the cathedral at Troyes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353695287#Religion", "title": "878", "revid": 1353695287, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 924, "year_label": "924 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Byzantine–Bulgarian War: Tsar Simeon I, ruler (knyaz) of the Bulgarian Empire, leads the burning of the Church of St. Mary of the Spring in Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360748864#July—September", "title": "924", "revid": 1360748864, "section": "Events › July—September"}}, {"year": 1101, "year_label": "1101 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Battle of Ramla: A Crusader force (some 1,100 men) under Baldwin I defeats the invading Fatimids at Ramla (modern Israel). Baldwin plunders the Fatimid camp and the survivors flee to Ascalon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268186#Levant", "title": "1101", "revid": 1365268186, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1113, "year_label": "1113 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "The Republic of Pisa signs a treaty with Ramon Berenguer III ('the Great'), count of Barcelona. The Pisan fleet embarks on a campaign against the Moors in the Balearic Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267067505#Europe", "title": "1113", "revid": 1267067505, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Climate & Environment", "text": "The German crusaders suffer a natural disaster near Constantinople, when part of their encampment is swept away by a flash flood with considerable loss of life. Emperor Manuel I Komnenos orders the Crusaders to cross to Asia Minor by the Hellespont. Conrad III ignores the advice of Manuel and after some minor clashes with the Byzantines, pushes towards Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Second_Crusade", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Second Crusade"}}, {"year": 1159, "year_label": "1159 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Pope Alexander III succeeds Pope Adrian IV, as the 170th pope.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561551#Events", "title": "1159", "revid": 1369561551, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1191, "year_label": "1191 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Battle of Arsuf: Richard I fights a pitched battle – while waiting for the ideal moment to mount a counterattack. However, the Hospitaller knights led by Garnier de Nablus break formation and launch a charge. Richard restores order in the turmoil and is forced to commit his entire army to support the attack. The Muslim forces flee in panic, but Saladin rallies them in time to defend his camp, and even to lead a counter-charge. By evening, Richard has defeated the Muslim forces, and Saladin retreats in good order to Ramallah.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170549#Third_Crusade", "title": "1191", "revid": 1362170549, "section": "Events › By place › Third Crusade"}}, {"year": 1303, "year_label": "1303 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Boniface VIII is imprisoned by Guillaume de Nogaret, French councillor and advisor, on behalf of Philip the Fair at his residence in Anagni. During the incident, Gregory Bicskei, archbishop of Esztergom, is killed. Boniface is for three days held in captivity, where he is beaten, tortured and nearly executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360891664#July–September", "title": "1303", "revid": 1360891664, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1385, "year_label": "1385 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Scottish and French troops unsuccessfully try to besiege the walled city of Carlisle in England, but Sir Henry Percy, nicknamed \"Hotspur\" breaks the siege and the attackers withdraw to Scotland, ending the war between the two kingdoms.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362439687#July–September", "title": "1385", "revid": 1362439687, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1391, "year_label": "1391 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "King Richard II summons the English Parliament and directs the members to assemble at Winchester on November 3.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430899#July–September", "title": "1391", "revid": 1365430899, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1392, "year_label": "1392 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "Yi Pangsŏk, at 10 years old the youngest son of King Taejo of Korea, is designated as the heir to the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360558319#July–September", "title": "1392", "revid": 1360558319, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1428, "year_label": "1428 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "(29th day of the 7th month of Shōchō 1) Emperor Go-Hanazono, the 10-year old third cousin of the late Emperor Shoko accedes to the throne of Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359832254#July–September", "title": "1428", "revid": 1359832254, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1433, "year_label": "1433 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Cosimo de' Medici, later the unofficial leader of Florence and patron of Marsilio Ficino, is imprisoned in the Palazzo dei Priori. Initially facing life imprisonment, Medici is then exiled by the Albizzi/Strozzi faction instead. He returns a year later, on October 6, 1434.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320602#July–September", "title": "1433", "revid": 1351320602, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1464, "year_label": "1464 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "At Leipzig, Ernest, Landgrave of Thuringia, 23, becomes the new Elector of Saxony upon the death of his father, Friederich II, while his younger brother Albert III, 21, succeeds his father as the new Duke of Saxony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367795127#July–September", "title": "1464", "revid": 1367795127, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1465, "year_label": "1465 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "With the approval by the Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich III, the Bohemian captain Hinko Tannfeld to plunder the Hungarian town of Sopron.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370409749#July–September", "title": "1465", "revid": 1370409749, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1473, "year_label": "1473 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "In Germany, Gerhard VII, Duke of Jülich-Berg destroys the Tomburg Castle near Wormersdorf in what is now the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The one-day shelling of the castle with cannons takes place after a dispute with the Lord of Tomburg, Friedrich von Sombreff. The castle is never rebuilt and the ruins remain more than 550 years later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813739#July–September", "title": "1473", "revid": 1361813739, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1496, "year_label": "1496 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Federico of Aragon becomes the King of Naples upon the death of his nephew, King Ferdinando II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631969#July–September", "title": "1496", "revid": 1371631969, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1497, "year_label": "1497 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Second Cornish Uprising in England: Perkin Warbeck lands near Land's End; on September 10 he is proclaimed as King in Bodmin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372862240#July–September", "title": "1497", "revid": 1372862240, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1514, "year_label": "1514 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "The Ottoman Army, commanded by the Sultan Selim I, arrives at Tabriz, capital of Safavid Iran and accepts the surrender of Shah Ismail.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369345340#July–September", "title": "1514", "revid": 1369345340, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1520, "year_label": "1520 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Christian II of Denmark makes his triumphant entry into Stockholm, which had surrendered to him a few days earlier. Sten Sture's widow Christina Gyllenstierna, who has led the fight after Sten's death, and all other persons in the resistance against the Danes, are granted amnesty and are pardoned for their involvement in the resistance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307705#July–September", "title": "1520", "revid": 1367307705, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1520, "year_label": "1520 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "The official entry of Christian II in Stockholm.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367528560#Events", "title": "1520 in Sweden", "revid": 1367528560, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1533, "year_label": "1533 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII of England gives birth to a daughter, at Greenwich, a little more than three months after she and Henry were married. The King's second daughter, Elizabeth, will become the reigning monarch of England 25 years later and rule for more than 44 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359627731#July–September", "title": "1533", "revid": 1359627731, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1537, "year_label": "1537 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "Walter Cowley is appointed Principal Solicitor for Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318938639#Events", "title": "1537 in Ireland", "revid": 1318938639, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Guru Angad Dev becomes the second Guru of the Sikhs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#July–September", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1542, "year_label": "1542 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Bernard O'Higgins is consecrated as Roman Catholic Bishop of Elphin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367908561#Events", "title": "1542 in Ireland", "revid": 1367908561, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1557, "year_label": "1557 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Duke Magnus is granted a Duchy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367229208#Events", "title": "1557 in Sweden", "revid": 1367229208, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1569, "year_label": "1569 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "A Royalist army under the Duc d'Anjou and Marshal Tavannes forces Coligny to abandon the siege of Poitiers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794933#July–September", "title": "1569", "revid": 1366794933, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1592, "year_label": "1592 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "The captured Madre de Deus enters Dartmouth harbour in England and is then subjected to mass theft.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477183#July–September", "title": "1592", "revid": 1362477183, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1619, "year_label": "1619 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Gaj Singh Rathore becomes the new Raja of Marwar (within the Mughal Empire) at Jodhpur in what is now the Indian state of Rajasthan, succeeding his father, Sur Singh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369562130#July–September", "title": "1619", "revid": 1369562130, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1620, "year_label": "1620 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "Mayflower and Speedwell return again to England, anchoring at Plymouth; the latter ship is given up as a participant in the voyage and on September 12 (September 2 OS) departs for London, most of her passengers and stores having been transferred to the Mayflower.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363705489#July–September", "title": "1620", "revid": 1363705489, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1620, "year_label": "1620 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "The Finnish town of Kokkola (Karleby) is founded by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363705489#July–September", "title": "1620", "revid": 1363705489, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1625, "year_label": "1625 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "The Treaty of Southampton makes an alliance between England and the Dutch Republic, against Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363597525#July–September", "title": "1625", "revid": 1363597525, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1628, "year_label": "1628 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "September 7–8 – Eighty Years' War – Battle in the Bay of Matanzas: Dutch admiral Piet Hein captures 16 ships of the Spanish treasure fleet. The immense booty taken brings in over 11 million guilders, part of which is used to fund the entire army of the Dutch Republic for eight months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352890088#July–September", "title": "1628", "revid": 1352890088, "section": "Events › July–September"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1629, "year_label": "1629 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630): A Spanish expedition, led by Fadrique de Toledo, wipes out the English colony on St. Kitts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365103352#July–September", "title": "1629", "revid": 1365103352, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1630, "year_label": "1630 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Governor John Winthrop passes a resolution declaring \"that Trimontaine\" on Shawmut peninsula shall be called Boston from now on.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351974391#July–September", "title": "1630", "revid": 1351974391, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1632, "year_label": "1632 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "Estates General convene what will be their last session (dissolved in 1634).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371125609", "title": "1632 in Belgium", "revid": 1371125609, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1640, "year_label": "1640 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "Portuguese missionary Sebastien Manrique reaches Dhaka and stays for 27 days, leaving on October 4.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361323300#July–September", "title": "1640", "revid": 1361323300, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Irish Confederate Wars: Lord Forbes raises his unsuccessful siege of Galway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350256188#July–September", "title": "1642", "revid": 1350256188, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "First English Civil War: The Siege of Portsmouth (begun on 10 August) ends with the Royalist garrison surrendering the port to Parliament.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350256188#July–September", "title": "1642", "revid": 1350256188, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "September 3–12 – Messengers from over 100 Baptist churches assemble in the City of London to discuss and endorse the 1677 document that will become known as the 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365638130#July–September", "title": "1689", "revid": 1365638130, "section": "Events › July–September"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1695, "year_label": "1695 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "English pirate Henry Every perpetrates one of the most profitable raids in history, with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship Ganj-i-Sawai. In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to put an end to all English trading in India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368691153#July–September", "title": "1695", "revid": 1368691153, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1695, "year_label": "1695 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "English pirate Henry Every in the Fancy perpetrates one of the most profitable raids in history with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship Ganj-i-Sawai. In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to put an end to all English trading in India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737755#Events", "title": "1695 in England", "revid": 1353737755, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1703, "year_label": "1703 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "War of the Spanish Succession: The town of Breisach is retaken for France by Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369923832#July–September", "title": "1703", "revid": 1369923832, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1703, "year_label": "1703 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "War of the Spanish Succession: The town of Breisach is retaken for France by Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737866#Events", "title": "1703 in France", "revid": 1353737866, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1706, "year_label": "1706 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Turin: Forces of Austria and Savoy defeat the French near what is now the Italian city of Torino.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351890964#July–September", "title": "1706", "revid": 1351890964, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1709, "year_label": "1709 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "September 4–8 – nearly 800 poor Protestant refugee families of German Palatines arrive in Dublin to be settled in Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247386704#Events", "title": "1709 in Ireland", "revid": 1247386704, "section": "Events"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1710, "year_label": "1710 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "In Jonathan Swift's satirical Gulliver's Travels, fictional Gulliver sets off on his fourth and final journey, a voyage to the Land of the Houyhnhnms.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358049105#July–September", "title": "1710", "revid": 1358049105, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1714, "year_label": "1714 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "The Treaty of Baden between France and the Holy Roman Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353738012#Events", "title": "1714 in France", "revid": 1353738012, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1736, "year_label": "1736 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "An Edinburgh crowd drags John Porteous out of his cell in Tolbooth Prison, and lynches him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360559528#July–September", "title": "1736", "revid": 1360559528, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1736, "year_label": "1736 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "the Edinburgh mob drags Captain Porteous out of his cell in Tolbooth prison and lynches him, beats him and hangs him to death.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362263052#Events", "title": "1736 in Scotland", "revid": 1362263052, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1736, "year_label": "1736 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "Edinburgh crowd drags Captain Porteous out of his cell in Tolbooth prison and lynches him. The mob beats and hangs him to death.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1307867332#Events", "title": "1736 in Great Britain", "revid": 1307867332, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1764, "year_label": "1764 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Stanisław August Poniatowski is elected as the King of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363539304#July–September", "title": "1764", "revid": 1363539304, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1769, "year_label": "1769 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "September 6–9 – David Garrick holds a Shakespeare Jubilee festival at Stratford-upon-Avon in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354215144#July–September", "title": "1769", "revid": 1354215144, "section": "Events › July–September"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Climate & Environment", "text": "August 29 – September 12 – The Independence Hurricane from South Carolina to Nova Scotia kills 4,170, mostly fishermen and sailors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#July–December", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › July–December"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "American Revolutionary War: World's first submarine attack – The American submersible craft Turtle attempts to attach a time bomb to the hull of British Admiral Richard Howe's flagship HMS Eagle in New York Harbor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#September–October", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "American Revolutionary War: Invasion of Dominica – The French capture the British fort there, before the latter is aware that France has entered the war in the Franco-American alliance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#July–September", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1790, "year_label": "1790 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Governor Arthur Phillip is speared in the shoulder while speaking with a group of Indigenous Australians, due to a misunderstanding. Acting as interpreter, Bennelong prevents the situation from escalating and the Aboriginal people are permitted to leave in peace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374051098#Events", "title": "1790 in Australia", "revid": 1374051098, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "September 2–7 – French Revolution: September Massacres – Rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic bishops and more than 200 priests, together with at least 1,000 other criminals.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#July–September", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › July–September"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1795, "year_label": "1795 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "HMS Reliance arrives in Sydney. Among the ship's passengers and crew are the Aboriginal Bennelong returning from a visit to England, the surgeon and explorer George Bass, and midshipman Matthew Flinders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374053504#Events", "title": "1795 in Australia", "revid": 1374053504, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1800, "year_label": "1800 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "Joseph Holt is arrested on suspicion of raising an Irish insurrection.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374053565#Events", "title": "1800 in Australia", "revid": 1374053565, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1807, "year_label": "1807 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Robert Morrison, the first Protestant missionary to China, arrives in Guangzhou (Canton).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362733939#July–September", "title": "1807", "revid": 1362733939, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1812, "year_label": "1812 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Napoleonic Wars – French invasion of Russia – Battle of Borodino: The bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic Wars so far ends in a tactical victory for Napoleon. There are at least 70,000 casualties, with a minimum of 6,562 dead from the French Grande Armée alone.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364673712#July–September", "title": "1812", "revid": 1364673712, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "Carl III of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373165947#July–September", "title": "1818", "revid": 1373165947, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "Carl III of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1302507804#Events", "title": "1818 in Norway", "revid": 1302507804, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "The coronation of Charles XIV John of Sweden as Charles III John of Norway, in Christiana (now Oslo).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279557747#Events", "title": "1818 in Sweden", "revid": 1279557747, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1822, "year_label": "1822 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Brazil declares its independence from Portugal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367154222#July–September", "title": "1822", "revid": 1367154222, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1822, "year_label": "1822 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Independence of Brazil", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1307464837#Events", "title": "1822 in Portugal", "revid": 1307464837, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1823, "year_label": "1823 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "The Brampton runs aground on leaving the Bay of Islands. On board are Samuel Marsden, Thomas Kendall and Samuel Leigh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346740046#Events", "title": "1823 in New Zealand", "revid": 1346740046, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1825, "year_label": "1825 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "Soldiers of the 70th Regiment subdue a fire, which consumes over eighty buildings, in Montreal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349956338#Events", "title": "1825 in Canada", "revid": 1349956338, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1835, "year_label": "1835 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "Charles Darwin arrives at the Galápagos Islands, aboard HMS Beagle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364866184#July–September", "title": "1835", "revid": 1364866184, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1835, "year_label": "1835 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "Charles Darwin arrives at the Galapagos Islands aboard HMS Beagle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333376912#Events", "title": "1835 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1333376912, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "Grace Darling and her father rescue 13 survivors from the Forfarshire, off the Farne Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360381946#July–September", "title": "1838", "revid": 1360381946, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "Dundee paddle steamer Forfarshire (1834), homeward bound from Hull, is wrecked on the Farne Islands off the north east coast of England with the loss of more than 40 people; Grace Darling rescues nine survivors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362254569#Events", "title": "1838 in Scotland", "revid": 1362254569, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "Grace Darling rescues nine survivors from the wreck of the paddle steamer SS Forfarshire (1834) off the Farne Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362628622#Events", "title": "1838 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1362628622, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1846, "year_label": "1846 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "The portion of the District of Columbia in the United States that was ceded by Virginia in 1790 is re-ceded to Virginia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342482#July–September", "title": "1846", "revid": 1368342482, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "After tense negotiations, the first of the Robinson Treaties, the Robinson-Superior Treaty, is signed. This treaty between William Benjamin Robinson and an assembly of Ojibwe chiefs from the shore of Lake Superior creates a system of Indian reserves and ultimately opens up the area to European settlement.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349957071#Events", "title": "1850 in Canada", "revid": 1349957071, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1854, "year_label": "1854 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Health & Medicine", "text": "August 31–September 8 – An epidemic of cholera in London kills over 10,000. Dr John Snow traces the source of one outbreak (that killed 500) to a single water pump, validating his theory that cholera is water-borne, and forming the starting point for epidemiology.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362496011#July–September", "title": "1854", "revid": 1362496011, "section": "Events › July–September"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "text": "The Saimaa Canal was inaugurated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371140008#July–September", "title": "1856", "revid": 1371140008, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Giuseppe Garibaldi's forces capture Naples.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#September", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "The PS Lady Elgin is accidentally rammed and sunk in Lake Michigan, drowning at least 300 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#September", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1864, "year_label": "1864 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "September 1 – September 9: Charlottetown Conference, noted as the first step towards Confederation", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360487586#Events", "title": "1864 in Canada", "revid": 1360487586, "section": "Events"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Tītokowaru's War: Māori leader Tītokowaru defeats a New Zealand military force at Te Ngutu o Te Manu, North Island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363668193#September", "title": "1868", "revid": 1363668193, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "text": "Third international workers congress opens in Brussels.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370713728", "title": "1868 in Belgium", "revid": 1370713728, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1870, "year_label": "1870 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "masted turret ship HMS Captain capsizes off Cape Finisterre, less than 5 months after commissioning, due to design flaws, with the loss of 481 lives.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275822902#Events", "title": "1870 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1275822902, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1875, "year_label": "1875 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Battle of Agurdat: An Egyptian invasion of Ethiopia fails, when Emperor Yohannes IV defeats an army led by Werner Munzinger.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371928758#September", "title": "1875", "revid": 1371928758, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1876, "year_label": "1876 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang attempt to rob the town's bank, but are surrounded by an angry mob and nearly wiped out.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363589433#September", "title": "1876", "revid": 1363589433, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1882, "year_label": "1882 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Science & Discovery", "text": "W.H. Finlay of Cape Town's Royal Observatory is first to record observations of the Great Comet of 1882.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360452890", "title": "1882 in South Africa", "revid": 1360452890, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Under pressure of a general strike, the Belgian Federal Parliament enacts general multiple suffrage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369946190#September", "title": "1893", "revid": 1369946190, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "first Aberdeen Synagogue consecrated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362254852#Events", "title": "1893 in Scotland", "revid": 1362254852, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "Russian monitor Rusalka sinks in a storm in the Gulf of Finland, with the loss of all 177 crew; her hulk is eventually discovered in 2003 off Helsinki.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369946190#September", "title": "1893", "revid": 1369946190, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "Genoa Cricket & Athletic Club, the oldest Italian Association football club, is formed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369946190#September", "title": "1893", "revid": 1369946190, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "The Genoa Cricket & Athletics Club, the oldest Italian soccer club, is formed by British expatriates. In its earliest years, it principally competed in athletics and cricket. Association football was secondarily practised.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360738951#Sports", "title": "1893 in Italy", "revid": 1360738951, "section": "Sports"}}, {"year": 1895, "year_label": "1895 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "The first game of what will become known as rugby league football is played in England, starting the 1895–96 Northern Rugby Football Union season.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364324653#September", "title": "1895", "revid": 1364324653, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1898, "year_label": "1898 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Economy & Finance", "text": "Karl Hals, businessperson and politician (born 1822)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1273791371#Notable_deaths", "title": "1898 in Norway", "revid": 1273791371, "section": "Notable deaths"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "The Boxer Protocol is signed between the Qing Empire of China and the Eight-Nation Alliance. Japan is represented by the Minister for Foreign Affairs Komura Jutarō.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366302500#Events", "title": "1901 in Japan", "revid": 1366302500, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "The Boxer Rebellion in Qing dynasty China officially ends with the signing of the Boxer Protocol.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#September", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "The Boxer Protocol is signed in China's capital Beijing between the Qing Empire of China and the Eight-Nation Alliance after China's defeat in the intervention to put down the 1990 Boxer Rebellion. Italy is granted a concession in Tientsin from the Chinese government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311666676#September", "title": "1901 in Italy", "revid": 1311666676, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "End of the Boxer Rebellion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373093031#Events", "title": "1901 in Russia", "revid": 1373093031, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1904, "year_label": "1904 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "text": "British expedition to Tibet: The Dalai Lama signs the Anglo-Tibetan Treaty with Colonel Francis Younghusband.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373337754#September", "title": "1904", "revid": 1373337754, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1907, "year_label": "1907 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "An anti-Asian riot in Vancouver attacks Chinatown", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349958842#Events", "title": "1907 in Canada", "revid": 1349958842, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1907, "year_label": "1907 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Science & Discovery", "text": "British Cunard Line passenger liner RMS Lusitania sets out on her maiden voyage, from Liverpool (England) to New York City.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373349351#September", "title": "1907", "revid": 1373349351, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1907, "year_label": "1907 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "Asahi Grass (now AGC) founded in Amagasaki, Hyogo Prefecture.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366302768#Events", "title": "1907 in Japan", "revid": 1366302768, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1913, "year_label": "1913 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "September 7–8 – The Fourth Congress of the International Psychoanalytical Association (the last occasion on which Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud will meet) takes place in Munich.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373505613#September", "title": "1913", "revid": 1373505613, "section": "Events › September"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "text": "Cartoonist John B. Gruelle is given a patent for his Raggedy Ann doll.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#September", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1920, "year_label": "1920 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Climate & Environment", "text": "A magnitude 6.6 earthquake hits Garfagnana and Lunigiana in Tuscany, killing 170 people; families left homeless numbered in the thousands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1253494307#September", "title": "1920 in Italy", "revid": 1253494307, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1923, "year_label": "1923 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Health & Medicine", "text": "A Curfew is issued in Tokyo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366308113#Events", "title": "1923 in Japan", "revid": 1366308113, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1923, "year_label": "1923 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "At the International Police Conference in Vienna, the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC), better known as Interpol, is set up.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367772921#September–October", "title": "1923", "revid": 1367772921, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "text": "The first fully electronic television system is achieved by Philo Farnsworth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370012373#September", "title": "1927", "revid": 1370012373, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1929, "year_label": "1929 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "The steamship SS Kuru sank in Lake Näsijärvi near Tampere, Finland, leading to 138 people drowning.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372436446#September", "title": "1929", "revid": 1372436446, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "The Second Round Table Conference on the constitutional future of India opens in London; Mahatma Gandhi represents the Indian National Congress.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310518#September", "title": "1931", "revid": 1371310518, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1932, "year_label": "1932 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "September 7–29 - Battle of Boquerón", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242197734#Events", "title": "1932 in Bolivia", "revid": 1242197734, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1934, "year_label": "1934 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "September 5–10 – The 6th Nuremberg Rally is staged by the German Nazi Party.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372993239#September–October", "title": "1934", "revid": 1372993239, "section": "Events › September–October"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1936, "year_label": "1936 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Statement of Policy issued by the Colonial Office in London declares the situation a \"direct challenge to the authority of the British Government in Palestine\" and announces the appointment of Lieutenant-General John Dill as supreme military commander.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364240817#Events", "title": "1936 in Mandatory Palestine", "revid": 1364240817, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1937, "year_label": "1937 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "text": "CBS broadcasts a two-and-a-half hour memorial concert nationwide on radio in memory of George Gershwin, live from the Hollywood Bowl. Many celebrities appear, including Oscar Levant, Fred Astaire, Otto Klemperer, Lily Pons and members of the original cast of Porgy and Bess. The concert is recorded and released complete years later in what is excellent sound for its time, on CD. The Los Angeles Philharmonic is the featured orchestra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371759714#September", "title": "1937", "revid": 1371759714, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Treaty of Craiova: Romania loses Southern Dobruja to Bulgaria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#September", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "WWII: The Blitz – Nazi Germany begins to rain bombs on London (the first of 57 consecutive nights of strategic bombing).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#September", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "Gulf Hotel fire: A fire at the Gulf Hotel in Houston, Texas kills 55.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#September", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "The Belgian government in exile returns to Brussels from London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#September", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Members of Vichy France's collaborationist government are relocated to Germany where an enclave is established for them in Sigmaringen Castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#September", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "Shin'yō Maru incident: Japanese cargo ship SS Shinyō Maru is torpedoed and sunk in the Sulu Sea by American submarine USS Paddle while carrying 750 American prisoners of war; 688 perish.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#September", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "The United States announces the establishment of the United States Army Military Government in Korea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305455719#September", "title": "1945 in South Korea", "revid": 1305455719, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Economy & Finance", "text": "First devaluation in Turkey: the lira loses 40% of its value.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372058859#September", "title": "1946", "revid": 1372058859, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "The first Bundestag of the Federal Republic of Germany convenes in Bonn. They will elect Konrad Adenauer as Chancellor while the Federal Convention, a constitutional body consisting of the Bundestag members and a same number of representatives of the States, elect the liberal Theodor Heuss as President of Germany on 12 September.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#September", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1950, "year_label": "1950 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "The Knockshinnoch Disaster in Scotland kills 13 coal miners; 116 are rescued.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371638577#September", "title": "1950", "revid": 1371638577, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1953, "year_label": "1953 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Nikita Khrushchev becomes head of the Soviet Central Committee.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310369#September", "title": "1953", "revid": 1371310369, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1963, "year_label": "1963 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Economy & Finance", "text": "City Developments Limited is formed as a property group.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338523973#September", "title": "1963 in Singapore", "revid": 1338523973, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1968, "year_label": "1968 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "The crash of Air France Flight 1611 kills 95 people, including French Army General René Cogny, as the Caravelle jetliner plunges into the Mediterranean Sea following a fire while making its approach to Nice following its departure from the island of Corsica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310387#September–October", "title": "1968", "revid": 1371310387, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "The 50th anniversary of International Labour Organization was celebrated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373376501#Events", "title": "1970 in Malaysia", "revid": 1373376501, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1971, "year_label": "1971 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Climate & Environment", "text": "September 5–18: Hurricane Edith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339604698#Events", "title": "1971 in Mexico", "revid": 1339604698, "section": "Events"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Health & Medicine", "text": "Salvador Allende requests the relocation of Synco's Operations Room, from its original location in Providencia to La Moneda Palace", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363756397#September", "title": "1973 in Chile", "revid": 1363756397, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1976, "year_label": "1976 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Climate & Environment", "text": "September 7 – 11: Hurricane Kathleen", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364428095#Events", "title": "1976 in Mexico", "revid": 1364428095, "section": "Events"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Torrijos-Carter treaties: Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The U.S. agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371657539#September", "title": "1977", "revid": 1371657539, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Health & Medicine", "text": "The first Speak Mandarin Campaign is launched to encourage Chinese Singaporeans to speak Mandarin instead of dialects.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370903558#September", "title": "1979 in Singapore", "revid": 1370903558, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "September 4–12. Major Soviet military exercise Zapad’81 (West’81) takes place in Belarus and the Baltic States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372625983#September", "title": "1981 in Poland", "revid": 1372625983, "section": "Events › September"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "British plantation company Guthrie is taken over by the Malaysian government after successfully purchasing shares to become the major shareholder. This is famously called the 'Dawn Raid attack'.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#September", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Economy & Finance", "text": "Permodalan Nasional Berhad leads a \"Dawn Raid\" on the London Stock Exchange with 51 per cent of Guthrie shares acquired in just 10 minutes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373377010#Events", "title": "1981 in Malaysia", "revid": 1373377010, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Health & Medicine", "text": "September 5–10. First round of National Congress of Solidarity Delegates takes place in Gdańsk, at Hala Olivia. Solidarity has 9,5 million members. Of all its regions, most numerous is Upper Silesia - Zagłębie Dąbrowskie (Region Śląsko-Dąbrowski) - 1,4 mln members, Mazovia - 911,000 members, and Lower Silesia - 900,000 members. During the Congress, The Message to Working People of Eastern Europe is issued, as well as a Letter to Polonia of the Whole World.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372625983#September", "title": "1981 in Poland", "revid": 1372625983, "section": "Events › September"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "Agents from the CNI, Investigations and Carabineros shot 5 MIR militants in two safe houses of the movement located in the communes of Las Condes and Quinta Normal. In these events, a 16-year-old teenager survived, who lived in one of the safe houses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243704744#September", "title": "1983 in Chile", "revid": 1243704744, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1984, "year_label": "1984 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "An explosion on board a Maltese patrol boat disposing illegal fireworks at sea off Gozo kills seven soldiers and policemen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371242779#September", "title": "1984", "revid": 1371242779, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Desmond Tutu becomes the first black Anglican Church bishop in South Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373510075#September", "title": "1986", "revid": 1373510075, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "City 2 Television (formerly BBC 2) is dissolved by Aquino.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359602453#September", "title": "1986 in the Philippines", "revid": 1359602453, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "September 7–21 – The world's first conference on artificial life is held at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#September", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › September"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "September 1–10 – Pope John Paul II visits Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda and Ivory Coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#September", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › September"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "Lučko Anti-Terrorist Unit founded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341771381#Events", "title": "1990 in Croatia", "revid": 1341771381, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "In Ciskei, members of the Ciskei Defence Force loyal to dictator Oupa Gqozo open fire into a crowd of anti-Gqozo protestors organized by the African National Congress, killing at least 28 people and wounding nearly 200.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#September", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "September 4–15 – The Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing with over 4,750 delegates from 181 countries in attendance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372467239#September", "title": "1995", "revid": 1372467239, "section": "Events › September"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Climate & Environment", "text": "The 6.0 Mw Athens earthquake hits with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 143, injuring 800–1,600, and leaving 50,000 homeless.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#September", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Climate & Environment", "text": "The 6.0 Mw Athens earthquake shook the area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 22, injuring 800–1,600 injured, and causing $3–4.2 billion in damage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1253846054#Events", "title": "1999 in Greece", "revid": 1253846054, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "September 7–14 – Fuel protests in the United Kingdom, with refineries blockaded and supply to the country's network of petrol stations halted.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371541477#September", "title": "2000", "revid": 1371541477, "section": "Events › September"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Climate & Environment", "text": "September 6–8 – World leaders attend the Millennium Summit at U.N. Headquarters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371541477#September", "title": "2000", "revid": 1371541477, "section": "Events › September"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 2004, "year_label": "2004 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "The Scottish Parliament Building opens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373088592#September", "title": "2004", "revid": 1373088592, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2005, "year_label": "2005 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Egypt holds its first ever multi-party presidential election, which is marred with allegations of fraud.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368527363#September", "title": "2005", "revid": 1368527363, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2006, "year_label": "2006 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "British Prime Minister Tony Blair announces his intention to resign by the end of 2007.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373069605#September", "title": "2006", "revid": 1373069605, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2006, "year_label": "2006 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Science & Discovery", "text": "Partial lunar eclipse, visible over most of Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373069605#September", "title": "2006", "revid": 1373069605, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "text": "Armenian Energy Minister Armen Movsisyan announced that Metsamor unit-2 was to be replaced with a new nuclear power plant built on the same site at a cost of $2 billion. \"The project's feasibility study is being carried out by Armenia, Russia, the US and the International Atomic Energy Agency. The old nuclear power plant is to be rebuilt within four-and-a-half years\", he stated, clarifying that \"many foreign countries now understand that Armenia must have a nuclear power plant.\" TAEK, which had recently denied claims in Today's Zaman that its latest protest to the IAEA was made in response to the RESAI early warning system indicating \"an increase in radioactive leakage in the region,\" stating, \"None of the radioactivity analyses or RESAI station measurements done up until now have uncovered radioactivity or radiation levels above normal,\" confirmed that it would be involved in following related developments and taking the necessary precautions from the Turkish side.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349813273#September", "title": "2007 in Armenia", "revid": 1349813273, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "October 20 – The 2007 Rugby World Cup takes place in France. South Africa beat defending champions England in the final.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#September", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "2008 Hong Kong legislative election", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279763410#Events", "title": "2008 in Hong Kong", "revid": 1279763410, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Israel becomes the 33rd member of the OECD.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#September", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Religion & Belief", "text": "Algerian publisher, Barzakh Editions, will receive the Principal Prince Claus Award of 100,000 Euros on December 17, 2010. The business is one of ten other laureates to be honored at the Royal Palace (Amsterdam).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373007630#September", "title": "2010 in Algeria", "revid": 1373007630, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2012, "year_label": "2012 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "Canada officially cuts diplomatic ties with Iran by closing its embassy in Tehran, and orders the expulsion of Iranian diplomats from Ottawa, over support for Syria, nuclear plans and human rights abuses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373434549#September", "title": "2012", "revid": 1373434549, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2013, "year_label": "2013 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "text": "2013 Australian federal election: The Liberal/National Coalition led by Tony Abbott defeats the Labor Government led by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd. Abbott is sworn in on September 18.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373160550#September", "title": "2013", "revid": 1373160550, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2013, "year_label": "2013 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "Marek Špilár, football player (born 1975)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269182457#Notable_deaths", "title": "2013 in Slovakia", "revid": 1269182457, "section": "Notable deaths"}}, {"year": 2013, "year_label": "2013 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "The International Olympic Committee awards Tokyo the right to host the 2020 Summer Olympics.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373160550#September", "title": "2013", "revid": 1373160550, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Science & Discovery", "text": "A bolide over Bangkok and other locations flared up for several seconds in early morning.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320826901#September", "title": "2015 in Thailand", "revid": 1320826901, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2017, "year_label": "2017 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Conflict & Security", "text": "Tundu Lissu, an MP of the opposition party Chadema, survived being shot multiple times at his home after returning from a parliamentary session by unknown gunmen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356983135#Events", "title": "2017 in Tanzania", "revid": 1356983135, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2017, "year_label": "2017 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "text": "7 September 2017, The Education University of Hong Kong's main campus in Tai Po displayed a message of \"congratulations\" to Undersecretary for Education Christine Choi Yuk-lin after her son plunged to his death from a residential tower. On 8 September 2017, Chief Executive Carrie Lam condemned the poster in the Education University was \"extremely callous\" and \"cold blooded\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373899096#Events", "title": "2017 in Hong Kong", "revid": 1373899096, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2018, "year_label": "2018 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Crime & Justice", "text": "Aljaž Tower, a symbol of Slovenia, is removed from the summit of Triglav for the first time in 123 years and transported to Ljubljana for repairs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1286413502#Events", "title": "2018 in Slovenia", "revid": 1286413502, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Science & Discovery", "text": "Ukrainian filmmaker Oleg Sentsov and 66 others are released in a prisoner exchange between Ukraine and Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#September", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Economy & Finance", "text": "El Salvador becomes the first country in the world to accept Bitcoin as an official currency.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#September", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "kind": "Events", "section": "Culture & Society", "text": "August 28 – September 8 – The 2024 Summer Paralympics are held in Paris, France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#August", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › August"}, "spanned": true}]}, {"title": "Births", "items": [{"year": 923, "year_label": "923 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Suzaku, emperor of Japan (d. 952)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509659#Births", "title": "923", "revid": 1341509659, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1109, "year_label": "1109 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Gongye, Korean queen (d. 1183)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367315946#Births", "title": "1109", "revid": 1367315946, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1117, "year_label": "1117 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Nicolò Politi, Italian hermit (d. 1167)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694426#Births", "title": "1117", "revid": 1361694426, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1395, "year_label": "1395 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Reginald West, 6th Baron De La Warr, English politician (d. 1427)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366019527#Births", "title": "1395", "revid": 1366019527, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1438, "year_label": "1438 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Louis II, Landgrave of Lower Hesse (1458–1471) (d. 1471)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365935905#Births", "title": "1438", "revid": 1365935905, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1448, "year_label": "1448 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Henry, Count of Württemberg-Montbéliard (1473–1482) (d. 1519)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367832753#Births", "title": "1448", "revid": 1367832753, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1500, "year_label": "1500 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Sebastian Newdigate, Carthusian monk and martyr (d. 1535)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371377541#Births", "title": "1500", "revid": 1371377541, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1524, "year_label": "1524 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Thomas Erastus, Swiss theologian (d. 1583)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819061#Births", "title": "1524", "revid": 1368819061, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1533, "year_label": "1533 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Queen Elizabeth I of England, daughter of King Henry VIII (d. 1603)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359627731#Births", "title": "1533", "revid": 1359627731, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Luigi Groto, Italian lutenist and poet (d. 1588)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#Births", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Hernando de Cabezón, Spanish musician (d. 1602)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#Births", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1615, "year_label": "1615 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "John Birch, English politician (d. 1691)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365922608#July–September", "title": "1615", "revid": 1365922608, "section": "Births › July–September"}}, {"year": 1635, "year_label": "1635 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Paul I, Prince Esterházy, Hungarian prince (d. 1713)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360049087#July–September", "title": "1635", "revid": 1360049087, "section": "Births › July–September"}}, {"year": 1641, "year_label": "1641 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Tokugawa Ietsuna, Japanese Tokugawa shōgun (d. 1680)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343658448#July–September", "title": "1641", "revid": 1343658448, "section": "Births › July–September"}}, {"year": 1656, "year_label": "1656 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Robert 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1362733939, "section": "Births › July–December"}}, {"year": 1807, "year_label": "1807 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "7 September (in England): Henry Sewell, first Premier of New Zealand", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360285759#Births", "title": "1807 in New Zealand", "revid": 1360285759, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "William Butterfield, British architect (d. 1900)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360305709#July–December", "title": "1814", "revid": 1360305709, "section": "Births › July–December"}}, {"year": 1836, "year_label": "1836 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1908)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342504#July–December", "title": "1836", "revid": 1368342504, "section": "Births › July–December"}}, {"year": 1911, "year_label": "1911 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Todor Zhivkov, 36th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 1998)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373497014#September", "title": "1911", "revid": 1373497014, "section": "Births › September"}}, {"year": 1917, "year_label": "1917 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Leonard Cheshire, British war hero (d. 1992)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519608#September", "title": "1917", "revid": 1373519608, "section": "Births › September"}}, {"year": 1951, "year_label": "1951 CE", "kind": "Births", "section": "Births", "text": "Mammootty, Indian actor", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368856437#September", "title": "1951", "revid": 1368856437, "section": "Births › September"}}]}, {"title": "Deaths", "items": [{"year": 251, "year_label": "251 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Sima Yi, Chinese 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"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360556919#Deaths", "title": "1362", "revid": 1360556919, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1424, "year_label": "1424 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Prince Zhu Gaochi of China becomes the Hongxi Emperor (Emperor Renzong) of the Ming dynasty, beginning the Hongxi era, after the August 12 death of his father, the Emperor Zhu Di.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365656911#July_–September", "title": "1424", "revid": 1365656911, "section": "Events › July –September"}}, {"year": 1458, "year_label": "1458 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Maria of Castile, Queen of Aragon, Queen consort of Aragon and Naples (b. 1401)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371245383#Deaths", "title": "1458", "revid": 1371245383, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1496, "year_label": "1496 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "King Ferdinand II of Naples (b. 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"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369165918#July–September", "title": "1601", "revid": 1369165918, "section": "Deaths › July–September"}}, {"year": 1644, "year_label": "1644 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Guido Bentivoglio, Italian statesman and historian (b. 1579)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560996#Deaths", "title": "1644", "revid": 1369560996, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1727, "year_label": "1727 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Glückel of Hameln, German businesswoman and diarist (b. 1647)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360176234#Deaths", "title": "1727", "revid": 1360176234, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1729, "year_label": "1729 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "William Burnet, British Governor of New York and New Jersey (b. 1688)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368871381#Deaths", "title": "1729", "revid": 1368871381, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1741, "year_label": "1741 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Blas de Lezo, Spanish admiral (b. 1689)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360183595#Deaths", "title": "1741", "revid": 1360183595, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1807, "year_label": "1807 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "September 2–7 – Battle of Copenhagen: The British Royal Navy bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets, to prevent the Dano-Norwegian navy from surrendering to Napoleon; 30% of the city is destroyed, and 2,000 citizens are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362733939#July–September", "title": "1807", "revid": 1362733939, "section": "Events › July–September"}, "spanned": true}, {"year": 1809, "year_label": "1809 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I), King of Siam, founder of the Chakri dynasty of Thailand (b. 1737)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349276571#July–December", "title": "1809", "revid": 1349276571, "section": "Deaths › July–December"}}, {"year": 1833, "year_label": "1833 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Hannah More, English religious writer, Romantic, and philanthropist (b. 1745)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983797#July–December", "title": "1833", "revid": 1369983797, "section": "Deaths › July–December"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Luís do Rego Barreto, military and colonial administrator (b. 1777).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266147443#Deaths", "title": "1840 in Portugal", "revid": 1266147443, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1936, "year_label": "1936 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "The last known thylacine (\"Tasmanian tiger\"), named Benjamin, dies in Hobart Zoo in Tasmania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373216494#September–October", "title": "1936", "revid": 1373216494, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Maurice Duplessis, Premier of Quebec (b. 1890)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#September", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Deaths › September"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Karen Blixen, Danish writer (b. 1885)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#September", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Deaths › September"}}, {"year": 1978, "year_label": "1978 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "In London, UK, a poison-filled pellet, supposedly injected using an umbrella, fatally poisons Bulgarian defector Georgi Markov; he dies four days later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022681#September", "title": "1978", "revid": 1370022681, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1997, "year_label": "1997 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Mobutu Sese Seko, 66, Congolese politician and president of Zaire, prostate cancer.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354517761", "title": "Deaths in September 1997", "revid": 1354517761, "section": "Deaths › September"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "kind": "Deaths", "section": "Deaths", "text": "Nepalese Civil War: Journalist Gyanendra Khadka is killed by Maoist insurgents.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1289408520#September", "title": "2003 in Nepal", "revid": 1289408520, "section": "Events › September"}}]}], "count": 239, "span": ["251 CE", "2024 CE"], "years": [251, 355, 397, 684, 859, 878, 923, 924, 934, 1047, 1101, 1109, 1113, 1117, 1134, 1147, 1151, 1159, 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