Directory

986 CE

King Lothair III (or Lothair IV) dies after a 32-year reign at Laon. He is succeeded by his 19-year-old son Louis V as ruler of the West Frankish Kingdom. Battle of the Gates of Trajan: Emperor Basil II leads a Byzantine expeditionary force (30,000 men) against the Bulgarians to capture the fortress city of Sredets. After a siege of 20 days, Basil is forced to retreat from the Sofia Valley towards the town of Ihtiman (through a passage known as the Gate of Trajan). The Bulgarians under Tsar Samuel ambush and defeat the Byzantine forces. Only the elite Varangian Guard escapes with heavy casualties and leads Basil to safety through secondary routes. Summer – Chi Go Pass Campaign: The Song Dynasty sends armies on three fronts against the Liao Dynasty in the Sixteen Prefectures, but they are defeated on all fronts.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • Emperor Kazan abdicates the throne after a political struggle from the Fujiwara family. He is succeeded by his 6-year-old cousin Ichijō as the 66th emperor (tennō) of Japan.source

Conflict & Security

  • August 17 – Battle of the Gates of Trajan: Emperor Basil II leads a Byzantine expeditionary force (30,000 men) against the Bulgarians to capture the fortress city of Sredets. After a siege of 20 days, Basil is forced to retreat from the Sofia Valley towards the town of Ihtiman (through a passage known as the Gate of Trajan). The Bulgarians under Tsar Samuel ambush and defeat the Byzantine forces. Only the elite Varangian Guard escapes with heavy casualties and leads Basil to safety through secondary routes.source
  • Summer – Chi Go Pass Campaign: The Song Dynasty sends armies on three fronts against the Liao Dynasty in the Sixteen Prefectures, but they are defeated on all fronts.source
  • Winter – Sabuktigin, emir of the Ghaznavid Dynasty, invades India. He expands the emirate between the Kabul Valley and the Indus River after defeating King Jayapala.source
  • Mieszko I, duke (de facto) ruler of Poland, pledges his allegiance to Otto III and the Holy Roman Empire. He promises assistance in Otto's war against the Slavs.source
  • Empress Theophanu, accompanied by the 6-year-old King Otto III and Henry II of Bavaria, leads a campaign against Bohemia and the Slavs on the Elbe frontier.source
  • Summer: Al-Mansur, the de facto ruler of Al-Andalus, continues his effort in the north of the Iberian Peninsula and plunders the city of Coimbra (modern Portugal).source
  • Battle of Hjörungavágr: The Earls of Lade under Haakon Sigurdsson (the Powerful) defeat a Danish invasion force led by the Jomsvikings in western Norway.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • Bjarni Herjólfsson, a Norse-Icelandic merchant captain and explorer, becomes the first inhabitant of the Old World to discover the mainland of the Americas.source

Culture & Society

  • One of the Four Great Books of Song, the Chinese encyclopedia Finest Blossoms in the Garden of Literature is finished, with a total of 1,000 volumes.source

Births

  • Bezprym (or Besfrim), duke of Poland (approximate date)source
  • Lê Long Đĩnh, emperor of the Lê Dynasty (d. 1009)source
  • Constance of Arles, French queen (approximate date)source
  • Æthelstan Ætheling, son of Æthelred II (the Unready) (d. 1014)source
  • Al-Qushayri, Persian Sufi scholar and theologian (d. 1072)source
  • Reginald I, count palatine of Burgundy (d. 1057)source
  • Poppo, archbishop of Trier (approximate date)source

Deaths

  • March 2 – King Lothair III (or Lothair IV) dies after a 32-year reign at Laon. He is succeeded by his 19-year-old son Louis V as ruler of the West Frankish Kingdom.source
  • March 2 – Lothair III, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (b. 941)source
  • May 25 – Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, Persian astronomer (b. 903)source
  • August 15 – Minnborinus, Irish missionary and abbotsource
  • August – Yang Ye, Chinese general and governor (jiedushi)source
  • Æthelstan Mannessune, English landownersource
  • Winter – King Harald II (Bluetooth) dies after a 28-year reign (driven into exile). He is succeeded by his son Sweyn Forkbeard as ruler of Denmark and Norway.source
  • Bahram ibn Ardashir al-Majusi, Buyid official and generalsource
  • Cadwallon ab Ieuaf, king of Gwynedd (Wales)source
  • Bobo, Frankish warrior and pilgrimsource