Directory

943 CE

Spring – Allied with the Rus', a Hungarian army raids Moesia and Thrace. Emperor Romanos I buys peace, and accepts to pay a yearly tribute (protection money) to the Hungarians. His frontiers now 'protected' on the Balkan Peninsula, Romanos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (80,000 men) led by general John Kourkouas (his commander-in-chief) to invade northern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq). Caspian expeditions of the Rus': The Rus' under the Varangian prince Igor I of Kiev sail up the Kura River, deep into the Caucasus, and defeat the forces of the Sallarid ruler Marzuban ibn Muhammad. They capture the fortress city of Barda (modern Azerbaijan). Battle of Wels: A joint Bavarian–Carantanian army led by Bertold (duke of Bavaria) defeats the Hungarians near Wels (Upper Austria), who are attacked at a crossing of the Enns River at Ennsburg.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • King Edmund I ravages Strathclyde and defeats the Scottish king Constantine II, who has reigned as king of Alba since 900. Constantine, ruler of the 'Picts and Scots', abdicates to enter a monastery and yields control of his realm to his cousin Malcolm I.source

Conflict & Security

  • Spring – Allied with the Rus', a Hungarian army raids Moesia and Thrace. Emperor Romanos I buys peace, and accepts to pay a yearly tribute (protection money) to the Hungarians. His frontiers now 'protected' on the Balkan Peninsula, Romanos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (80,000 men) led by general John Kourkouas (his commander-in-chief) to invade northern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq).source
  • Battle of Wels: A joint Bavarian–Carantanian army led by Bertold (duke of Bavaria) defeats the Hungarians near Wels (Upper Austria), who are attacked at a crossing of the Enns River at Ennsburg.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • Caspian expeditions of the Rus': The Rus' under the Varangian prince Igor I of Kiev sail up the Kura River, deep into the Caucasus, and defeat the forces of the Sallarid ruler Marzuban ibn Muhammad. They capture the fortress city of Barda (modern Azerbaijan).source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • The Trinity Bridge at Crowland, Lincolnshire is described, in the 'Charter of Eadred'.source

Births

  • Emma of Paris, duchess consort of Normandy (d. 968)source
  • Ibn Zur'a, Abbasid physician and philosopher (d. 1008)source
  • Edgar I (the Peaceful), king of England (approximate date)source
  • Dayang Jingxuan, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1027)source
  • Matilda, queen consort of Burgundy (approximate date)source

Deaths

  • February 23 – Herbert II, Frankish noblemansource
  • February 23 – David I, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)source
  • February 26 – Muirchertach mac Néill, king of Ailech (Ireland)source
  • March 16 – Pi Guangye, chancellor of Wuyue (b. 877)source
  • March 30 – Li Bian, emperor of Southern Tang (b. 889)source
  • April 6 – Liu Churang, Chinese general (b. 881)source
  • April 10 – Landulf I, prince of Benevento and Capua (Italy)source
  • April 15 – Liu Bin, emperor of Southern Han (b. 920)source
  • April 18 – Fujiwara no Atsutada, Japanese nobleman (b. 906)source
  • July 4 – Wang Kon, founder of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 877)source
  • July 26 – Motoyoshi, Japanese nobleman and poet (b. 890)source
  • November 8 – Liu, empress of Qi (Ten Kingdoms) (b. 877)source
  • Gagik I of Vaspurakan, Armenian king (or 936)source
  • Xu Jie, Chinese officer and chancellor (b. 868)source