Directory

870 CE

Anarchy at Samarra: The rebel Salih ibn Wasif is hunted down and killed in Abbasid Samarra by troops of Musa ibn Bugha al-Kabir. Caliph Al-Muhtadi is deposed and killed by the Turks, after a brief reign. He is succeeded by Al-Mu'tamid (son of the late Al-Mutawakkil) as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate, who moves his court to Baghdad. End of the Anarchy at Samarra. The Danes, led by Halfdan Ragnarsson and Bagsecg, invade Wessex and take the royal estate at Reading (Berkshire), which Halfdan makes his headquarters. A naval Viking contingent sails up the Thames River.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • August 8 – Treaty of Meerssen: King Louis the German forces his half-brother Charles the Bald to accept a peace treaty, which partitions the Middle Frankish Kingdom into two larger east and west divisions. Louis receives most of Austrasia (which evolves into the Kingdom of Germany), and Charles receives territory in Lower Burgundy (which evolves into the Kingdom of France). However, large parts of the Frisian coast are under Viking control.source
  • Wilfred the Hairy, a Frankish nobleman, becomes count of Urgell and Cerdanya (modern-day Catalonia).source
  • Byzantine–Arab War: A Muslim expeditionary force, led by Halaf al-Hadim, Arab governor of Sicily, conquers Malta. He is welcomed by the local Christian inhabitants as liberator of the agonizing Byzantine yoke. The Muslims sign a treaty with the Christians to live in peace after liberating the island from the Byzantines.source

Conflict & Security

  • December 31 – Battle of Englefield: The Vikings clash with ealdorman Æthelwulf of Berkshire. The invaders are driven back to Reading; many of the Danes (including one of the earls named Sidrac) are killed.source
  • Autumn – The Great Heathen Army, led by Ivar the Boneless and Ubba, invades East Anglia and plunders Peterborough. King Edmund the Martyr is captured, tortured, beaten and used for archery practice (or 869).source
  • The Danes, led by Halfdan Ragnarsson and Bagsecg, invade Wessex and take the royal estate at Reading (Berkshire), which Halfdan makes his headquarters. A naval Viking contingent sails up the Thames River.source
  • The Zanj Rebellion: The Zanj (black slaves from East Africa) capture the Abbasid seaport of Al-Ubullah at the Persian Gulf, and cut off communications with Basra (modern Iraq).source
  • The Danes, led by Ivar the Boneless and King Olaf of the Dublin Vikings, besiege Dumbarton in Scotland, the capital of King Artgal of Stratchlyde. After a siege of four months, the citadel is captured and destroyed.source

Religion & Belief

  • February 28 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople ends. The Bulgarians are granted an autocephalous archbishopric. with its seat in the capital of Pliska.source
  • June 21 – Caliph Al-Muhtadi is deposed and killed by the Turks, after a brief reign. He is succeeded by Al-Mu'tamid (son of the late Al-Mutawakkil) as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate, who moves his court to Baghdad. End of the Anarchy at Samarra.source

Crime & Justice

  • January 29 – Anarchy at Samarra: The rebel Salih ibn Wasif is hunted down and killed in Abbasid Samarra by troops of Musa ibn Bugha al-Kabir.source

Culture & Society

  • Bořivoj I, duke of Bohemia, makes Levý Hradec (modern Czech Republic) his residence. Around this time Prague Castle is founded (approximate date).source

Births

  • Alexander III, Byzantine emperor (d. 913)source
  • Ermengol, Frankish nobleman (d. 937)source
  • Theodora, Roman politician (approximate date)source
  • Bernard, illegitimate son of Charles the Fat (d. 891)source
  • Zhu Yanshou, Chinese governor (d. 903)source
  • Ebalus, duke of Aquitaine (approximate date)source
  • Lde-dpal-hkhor-btsan, Indian ruler (approximate date)source
  • Pavle, prince of Serbia (approximate date)source
  • Petar, prince of Serbia (approximate date)source
  • Sunifred II, count of Urgell (approximate date)source
  • Zwentibold, king of Lotharingia (d. 900)source
  • Wang Dingbao, Chinese chancellor (d. 941)source
  • Fulk I, Frankish nobleman (approximate date)source
  • Sunyer, count of Barcelona (approximate date)source

Deaths

  • January 29 – Salih ibn Wasif, Muslim generalsource
  • February 4 – Ceolnoth, archbishop of Canterburysource
  • April 2 – Æbbe the Younger, Frankish abbesssource
  • June 21 – Al-Muhtadi, Muslim caliphsource
  • September 1 – Muhammad al-Bukhari, Persian scholar (b. 810)source
  • November 20 – Edmund the Martyr, king of East Anglia (or 869)source
  • December 4 – Suairlech ind Eidnén mac Ciaráin, Irish bishopsource
  • December 27 – Aeneas of Paris, Frankish bishopsource
  • Ratramnus, Frankish monk and abbot (approximate date)source
  • He Quanhao, general of the Tang Dynasty (b. 839)source
  • Wen Tingyun, Chinese poet and lyricist (b. 812)source
  • Charles the Bald marries Richilde of Provence, after the death of his first wife, Ermentrude of Orleans. He intends to secure his rule in Lotharingia through the powerful Bosonid family and the connection to Teutberga, widow-queen of Lothair II.source
  • Neot, English monk and saint (approximate date)source
  • Rastislav, ruler (knyaz) of Great Moravia, dies in prison after he is condemned to death for treason, by Louis the German. He is succeeded by his nephew Svatopluk I, who becomes a vassal of the East Frankish Kingdom.source