Directory

825 CE

This year, on the first day of Chingam month, Kerala’s Kollam Era ( Malayalam Era/Calendar, also known as Kollavarsham) commences. Battle of Ellandun: King Egbert of Wessex defeats Beornwulf of Mercia near Swindon. The battle marks the end of the Mercian domination of southern England. The kingdoms of Kent, Surrey, Sussex and Essex submit to Wessex, and East Anglia acknowledges Egbert as overlord (bretwalda). Borobudur, a Mahayana Buddhist Temple, is completed in Central Java (modern Indonesia).

Conflict & Security

  • Battle of Gafulford: The men of Cornish Dumnonia clash with the West Saxons at modern-day Camelford (approximate date).source
  • Emperor Louis the Pious begins a military campaign against the Wends and Sorbs. Duke Tunglo surrenders his son as hostage, and submits to Frankish rule (approximate date).source
  • Battle of Ellandun: King Egbert of Wessex defeats Beornwulf of Mercia near Swindon. The battle marks the end of the Mercian domination of southern England. The kingdoms of Kent, Surrey, Sussex and Essex submit to Wessex, and East Anglia acknowledges Egbert as overlord (bretwalda).source

Exploration & Expansion

  • Grímur Kamban becomes the first man to set foot in the Faroe Islands, and settles down in Funningur, on the northwest coast of Eysturoy (beginning the Norwegian Viking era on the islands).source

Religion & Belief

  • Murcia is founded by the emir of Cordoba Abd ar-Rahman II.source
  • A group of Persio-Assyrian adherents of the Church of the East, under the leadership of two Persian bishops Prod (or Proth, also known as Aphroth) and Sappor (also known as Sabrisho), reach Kerala, India and reside in Quilon.source
  • Borobudur, a Mahayana Buddhist Temple, is completed in Central Java (modern Indonesia).source

Culture & Society

  • August - This year, on the first day of Chingam month, Kerala’s Kollam Era ( Malayalam Era/Calendar, also known as Kollavarsham) commences.source

Births

  • Muhammad ibn Abdallah, Muslim governor (or 824)source
  • Louis II, king of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor (d. 875)source
  • Ono no Komachi, Japanese poet (approximate date)source
  • Tsunesada, Japanese prince (d. 884)source
  • Landulf II, bishop and count of Capua (approximate date)source
  • Ariwara no Narihira, Japanese waka poet (d. 880)source
  • Fujiwara no Yasunori, Japanese nobleman (d. 895)source
  • Charles, Frankish bishop and archchancellor (or 830)source

Deaths

  • Ida of Herzfeld, Frankish noblewoman (approximate date)source
  • Song Ruozhao, Chinese scholar, lady-in-waiting and poet (b. 770)source
  • Hywel ap Rhodri, king of Gwynedd (Wales)source
  • Welf, father of Judith of Bavariasource
  • Abu Ubaidah, Muslim scholar (b. 728)source
  • Máel Bressail mac Ailillo, king of Ulaid (Ireland)source
  • Liu Wu, general of the Tang Dynastysource
  • King Hywel ap Rhodri of Gwynedd dies after an 11-year reign. The kingdom is seized by his grand-nephew, Merfyn Frych of Man.source