Directory

1888 CE

Kahisakan (可否茶館), the first coffee shop in Japan, opens in Tokyo. Nippon Oil Corporation, predecessor of Eneos, a petroleum and gas energy brand in Japan, is founded in Niigata Prefecture. 1888 United States presidential election: Democratic Party incumbent Grover Cleveland wins the popular vote, but loses the Electoral College vote to Republican challenger Benjamin Harrison, therefore losing the election.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • April 11 – The Concertgebouw orchestra in Amsterdam is inaugurated.source
  • May 13 – In Brazil, the Lei Áurea abolishes the last remnants of slavery.source
  • June 3 – The Kingdom of Sedang is formed, in modern-day Vietnam.source
  • June 14 – The White Rajahs territories become the British protectorate of Sarawak.source
  • August 9 – The Oaths Act permits the oath of allegiance taken to the Sovereign by Members of Parliament (MPs) to be affirmed, rather than sworn to God, thus confirming the ability of atheists to sit in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.source
  • August 13 – The Local Government Act, effective from 1889, establishes county councils and county borough councils in England and Wales, redraws some county boundaries, and gives women the vote in local elections. It also declares that "bicycles, tricycles, velocipedes, and other similar machines" be carriages within the meaning of the Highway Acts (which remains the case), and requires that they give audible warning when overtaking "any cart or carriage, or any horse, mule, or other beast of burden, or any foot passenger", a rule abolished in 1930.source
  • September 8 – In a letter accepting renomination as President of the United States, Grover Cleveland declares the Chinese "impossible of assimilation with our people and dangerous to our peace and welfare".source
  • October 30 – The Rudd Concession, a written concession for exclusive mining rights in Matabeleland, Mashonaland and adjoining territories, is granted by King Lobengula of Matabeleland to Charles Rudd, James Rochfort Maguire and Francis Thompson, who are acting on behalf of South African-based politician and businessman Cecil Rhodes, providing a basis for white settlement of Rhodesia.source
  • November 6 – 1888 United States presidential election: Democratic Party incumbent Grover Cleveland wins the popular vote, but loses the Electoral College vote to Republican challenger Benjamin Harrison, therefore losing the election.source

Conflict & Security

  • January 19 – The Battle of the Grapevine Creek, the last major conflict of the Hatfield–McCoy feud in the Southeastern United States.source
  • April 16 – The German Empire annexes the island of Nauru.source
  • August 20 – A mutiny at Dufile, Equatoria, results in the imprisonment of the Emin Pasha.source
  • October 14 – Battle of Guté Dili: Seeking to extend Mahdist control over what is becomes southwestern Ethiopia, governor Khalil al-Khuzani is routed by an alliance of Shewan forces, under Ras Gobana Dacche and Moroda Bekere, ruler of Leqa Naqamte. Only a handful, including Khalil, barely manage to flee the battlefield.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • March 9 – 1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia: The "English Footballers" embark for the first British rugby union tour of Australasia.source
  • March 15 – The Sikkim Expedition, a British military expedition to expel the Tibetans from northern Sikkim, begins.source
  • April 13 – Kahisakan (可否茶館), the first coffee shop in Japan, opens in Tokyo.source
  • December 18 – Richard Wetherill and his brother-in-law, Charlie Mason, discover the Indian ruins of Mesa Verde in southwestern Colorado.source
  • The dolphin Pelorus Jack is first sighted in Cook Strait, New Zealand.source
  • G. D. Searle by Gideon Daniel Searle in Omaha, Nebraska.source

Religion & Belief

  • March 25 – Opening of an international Congress for Women's Rights organized by Susan B. Anthony in Washington, D.C., leading to formation of the International Council of Women, a key event in the international women's movement.source
  • May 1 – Fort Belknap Indian Reservation is established by the United States Congress.source
  • June 2 – Edward King (bishop of Lincoln) in England is called to account for using ritualistic practices in Anglican worship.source
  • November 24 – The first Saint Verhaegen takes place in Brussels.source

Economy & Finance

  • March 13 – The De Beers diamond mining conglomerate is founded by Cecil Rhodes in Kimberley, Northern Cape (South Africa).source
  • May 10 – Nippon Oil Corporation, predecessor of Eneos, a petroleum and gas energy brand in Japan, is founded in Niigata Prefecture.source
  • May 12 – The North Borneo Chartered Company's territories (including Sabah) become the British protectorate of North Borneo.source
  • Katz's Delicatessen is founded on the Lower East Side of Manhattan.source
  • Global pharmaceutical and health care brands are founded in the United States:source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • February 27 – In West Orange, New Jersey, Thomas Edison meets with Eadweard Muybridge, who proposes a scheme for sound film.source
  • March 1 - Queensland's Western Railway Line reaches Charleville.source
  • April 3 – The Brighton Beach Hotel in Coney Island (New York) is moved 520 ft m, using six steam locomotives, by civil engineer B. C. Miller, to save it from ocean storms.source
  • April 21 – The Texas State Capitol building, completed at a cost of $3 million, opens to the public in Austin.source
  • May 30 – Hong Kong's Peak Tram begins operation.source
  • August 1 – Carl Benz is issued with the world's first driving licence by the Grand Duchy of Baden.source
  • August 5 – Bertha Benz arrives in Pforzheim having driven 40 mi km from Mannheim in a car manufactured by her husband Carl Benz, thus completing the first "long-distance" drive in the history of the automobile.source
  • August 10 – Dr Friedrich Hermann Wölfert’s motorised airship successfully completes the world’s first engine-driven flight, from Cannstatt to Kornwestheim in Germany.source
  • August 24 –The first trams in Tallinn (Reval), horsecars, begin operation.source
  • September 4 – In the United States, George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak, and receives a patent for his camera, which uses roll film.source
  • September 6 – Australian cricketer Charles Turner becomes the first bowler to take 250 wickets in an English season – a feat since accomplished only by Tom Richardson (twice), J. T. Hearne, Wilfred Rhodes (twice) and Tich Freeman (six times).source
  • September 27 – Stanley Park is officially opened by Vancouver (B.C.) mayor David Oppenheimer.source
  • October 9 – The Washington Monument officially opens to the general public in Washington, D.C.source
  • October 14 – Louis Le Prince films the first motion picture: Roundhay Garden Scene in Roundhay, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, two seconds and 18 frames in length (followed by his movie Leeds Bridge and Accordion Player).source
  • November 8 – Joseph Assheton Fincher files a patent in the United Kingdom for the parlour game which he calls "Tiddledy-Winks".source
  • December 7 – John Boyd Dunlop patents the pneumatic bicycle tyre in the United Kingdom.source
  • In Poland, silver manufacturer Schiffers & Co. is founded in Warsaw.source

Science & Discovery

  • January 3 – The great telescope (with an objective lens of 91 cm diameter) at Lick Observatory in California is first used.source
  • August 28 – The longest date in roman numerals is achieved, as "VIII-XXVIII-MDCCCLXXXVIII". In contrast, the shortest date (I-I-MM) will be achieved 111 years later on January 1, 2000.source
  • September 4 – Mohandas Gandhi embarks on the SS Clyde from Bombay for London.source
  • John Robert Gregg first publishes Gregg shorthand in the United States.source

Health & Medicine

  • December 23 – During a bout of mental illness (and having quarreled with his friend Paul Gauguin), Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh infamously cuts off the lower part of his own left ear, taking it to a brothel, and is removed to the local hospital in Arles in the south of France.source
  • Abbott Laboratories as Abbott Alkaloidal by Dr. Wallace C. Abbott in Illinois.source

Crime & Justice

  • April 3 – London prostitute Emma Elizabeth Smith is brutally attacked by two or three men, dying of her injuries the following day, first of the Whitechapel murders, but probably not a victim of Jack the Ripper.source
  • August 7 – Whitechapel murders: The body of London prostitute Martha Tabram is found, a possible victim of Jack the Ripper.source
  • August 31 – Whitechapel murders: The mutilated body of London prostitute Mary Ann Nichols is found; she is considered the first victim of Jack the Ripper.source
  • September 8 – Whitechapel murders: The mutilated body of London prostitute Annie Chapman is found (considered to be the second victim of Jack the Ripper).source
  • September 27 – Whitechapel murders: The 'Dear Boss letter' signed "Jack the Ripper", the first time the name is used, is received by London's Central News Agency.source
  • September 30 – Whitechapel murders: The bodies of London prostitutes Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes, the latter mutilated, are found. They are generally considered Jack the Ripper's third and fourth victims, respectively.source
  • October 2 – The Whitehall Mystery: Dismembered remains of a woman's body are discovered at three central London locations, one being the construction site of the police headquarters at New Scotland Yard.source
  • November 9 – Whitechapel murders: The mutilated body of London prostitute Mary Jane Kelly is found. She is considered to be the fifth, and last, of Jack the Ripper's victims. A number of similar murders in England follow, but the police attribute them to copy-cat killers.source

Disasters & Accidents

  • February 20 – The Croatian sailing ship Kostrena, sailing from Cette to Rijeka, ran aground in the Bobina bay on the Istrian side of the Vela vrata strait because of bad weather; the same happened to another Croatian sailing ship, the Ireneo.source
  • July 11 – Over 200 miners are killed in an accident at a diamond mine in Kimberley, Northern Cape (South Africa).source
  • August 9 – A fire destroys the Main Building, the heart of Wells College in Aurora, New York, causing a loss of $130,000.source
  • August 22 – Earliest evidence of a death and injury by a meteorite, in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.source
  • The Camborne School of Mines is founded in Cornwall, England.source

Climate & Environment

  • January 12 – The Schoolhouse Blizzard hits Dakota Territory and the states of Montana, Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas and Texas, leaving 235 dead, many of them children on their way home from school.source
  • March 11 – The Great Blizzard of 1888 begins along the East Coast of the United States, shutting down commerce and killing more than 400.source
  • November 16 – First signs of famine in Ethiopia, caused by drought combined with early spread of the 1890s African rinderpest epizootic.source

Culture & Society

  • January 13 – The National Geographic Society is founded in Washington, D.C.source
  • January 21 – The Amateur Athletic Union is founded by William Buckingham Curtis in the United States.source
  • March 8 – The Agriculture College of Utah (later Utah State University) is founded in Logan, Utah.source
  • March 16 – The foundation stone for a new National Library of Greece is laid in Athens.source
  • March 23 – A meeting called by William McGregor to discuss establishment of The Football League is held in London.source
  • April 6 – The first New Year's Day is observed, of the solar calendar adopted by Siamese King Chulalongkorn, with the 106th anniversary of Bangkok's founding in 1782 as its epoch (reference date).source
  • April 18 – Westminster School is founded in Simsbury, Connecticut.source
  • May 8 – The International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry in Kelvingrove Park, Glasgow opens (continues to November).source
  • May 26 – The comic novel The Diary of a Nobody by brothers George and Weedon Grossmith begins serialization in Punch (London).source
  • May 28 – In Glasgow (Scotland), Celtic F.C. plays its first official match, winning 5–2 against Rangers F.C.source
  • June 3 – American writer Ernest Thayer's baseball poem "Casey at the Bat" is first published (under the pen name "Phin") as the last of his humorous contributions to The San Francisco Examiner.source
  • June 19 – In Chicago, the Republican Convention opens at the Auditorium Building. Benjamin Harrison and Levi P. Morton win the nominations for President and Vice President of the United States, respectively.source
  • June 29 – Handel's Israel in Egypt is recorded onto wax cylinder at The Crystal Palace in London, the earliest known recording of classical music.source
  • June 30 – The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom opens its laboratory, on Plymouth Hoe.source
  • July 2–27 – London matchgirls strike of 1888: About 200 workers, mainly teenaged girls, strike following the dismissal of three colleagues from the Bryant and May match factory, precipitated by an article on their working conditions published on June 23 by campaigning journalist Annie Besant, and the workers unionise on July 27.source
  • July 25 – Frank E. McGurrin, a court stenographer from Salt Lake City, Utah, purportedly the only person using touch typing at this time, wins a decisive victory over Louis Traub in a typing contest held in Cincinnati, Ohio. This date can be called the birthday of the touch typing method that is widely used in modern times.source
  • September 8 – In England, the first six Football League matches are played.source
  • September 17 – Las Cruces College (later New Mexico State University) is founded in Las Cruces, New Mexico.source
  • October 1 – Sofia University officially opens, becoming the first university in liberated Bulgaria.source
  • October 25 – St Cuthbert's Society at the University of Durham in England is founded, after a general meeting chaired by the Reverend Hastings Rashdall.source
  • November 27 – International sorority Delta Delta Delta is founded at Boston University in the United States.source
  • November 29 – The celebration of Thanksgiving (United States) and the first day of Hanukkah coincide.source
  • December 17 – The Lyric Theatre, London opens.source
  • The Finnish epic Kalevala is published for the first time in the English language, by American linguist John Martin Crawford.source

Births

  • January 20 – Lead Belly, American folk, blues singer (d. 1949)source
  • February 25 – John Foster Dulles, United States Secretary of State (d. 1959)source
  • May 11 – Lucie Randoin, French biologist, nutritionist, expert in dietary significance of vitamins (d. 1960)source
  • June 22 – Harold Hitz Burton, American politician, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1964)source
  • July 17 – Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Israeli writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)source
  • July 22 – Selman Waksman, Ukrainian-born American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1973)source
  • September 5 – Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Indian philosopher, politician and 2nd President of India (d. 1975)source
  • September 26 – T. S. Eliot, American-born British poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965)source
  • October 16 – Eugene O'Neill, American playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953)source
  • November 7 – Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian anarcho-communist revolutionary (d. 1934)source
  • November 7 – C. V. Raman, Indian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)source
  • November 15 – José Raúl Capablanca, Cuban World chess champion (1921–1927) (d. 1942)source
  • December 16 – Alphonse Juin, French general, Marshal of France (d. 1967)source
  • December 18 – Robert Moses, American civil engineer, public works director, highway and bridge builder (d. 1981)source

Deaths

  • January 31 – John Bosco, Italian priest, youth worker, educator and founder of the Salesian Society (b. 1815)source
  • March 6 – Louisa May Alcott, American novelist (b. 1832)source
  • March 9 – Year of the Three Emperors in Germany: Wilhelm I dies aged 90 and is succeeded as German Emperor and King of Prussia by his son, the terminally ill Frederick III.source
  • March 12 – Henry Bergh, founder of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (b. 1813)source
  • March 23 – Morrison Waite, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1816)source
  • June 15 – Year of the Three Emperors in Germany: Frederick III dies after ruling for 99 days and is succeeded as German Emperor and King of Prussia by his son, Wilhelm II, who will reign until his abdication in 1918.source
  • July 15 – Eruption of Mount Bandai: An explosive eruption of the stratovolcano Mount Bandai in the Fukushima Prefecture of Japan results in pyroclastic flows and the deaths of at least 477 people (according to Japanese government sources).source
  • August 5 – Philip Sheridan, American general (b. 1831)source
  • August 7 – Martha Tabram, possible first victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1849)source
  • August 24 – Rudolf Clausius, German physicist, contributor to thermodynamics (b. 1822)source
  • August 31 – Mary Ann Nichols, generally considered the first victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1845)source
  • September 11 – Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, Argentine politician, writer, and father of education (b. 1811)source
  • November 9 – Mary Jane Kelly, generally considered the fifth and final victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1863)source
  • December 2 – Namık Kemal, Turkish patriotic poet, social reformer (b. 1840)source