Directory

1807 CE

A grand jury indicts former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr for treason. Chesapeake–Leopard affair: British Royal Navy fourth rate attacks and boards United States Navy frigate USS Chesapeake off Norfolk, Virginia, seeking deserters. This act of British aggression plays a role in the run-up to the War of 1812. Nicéphore Niépce is awarded a patent by Emperor Napoleon for the Pyréolophore, the world's first internal combustion engine, after it successfully powers a boat upstream on the river Saône in France.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • January 7 – The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland issues an Order in Council prohibiting British ships from trading with France or its allies.source
  • February 17 – Henry Christopher is elected first President of the State of Haiti, ruling the northern part of the country.source
  • February 23 – The Slave Trade Act is passed in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom by an overwhelming majority.source
  • March 2 – The United States Congress passes the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves "into any port or place within the jurisdiction of the United States ... from any foreign kingdom, place, or country" (to take effect January 1, 1808).source
  • May 29 – Selim III, Ottoman Emperor since 1789, is deposed in favour of his nephew Mustafa IV.source
  • June 9 – The Duke of Portland is chosen as Prime Minister after the United Kingdom general election.source
  • July 7–9 – The Treaties of Tilsit are signed between France, Prussia and Russia. Napoleon and Russian Emperor Alexander I ally together against the British. The Prussians are forced to cede more than half their territory, which is formed into the Duchy of Warsaw in their former Polish lands, and the Kingdom of Westphalia in western Germany. The Free City of Danzig is also formed (established July 21 by Napoleon).source
  • November 29 – Portuguese Queen Maria I and the Court embark at Lisbon, bound for Brazil. Rio de Janeiro becomes the Portuguese capital.source
  • December 17 – Napoleonic Wars: France issues the Milan Decree which confirms the Continental System (i.e. no European country is to trade with the United Kingdom).source
  • December 22 – The United States Congress passes the Embargo Act, a trade embargo on all foreign nations.source

Conflict & Security

  • February 3 – Napoleonic Wars and Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Montevideo – The British Army captures Montevideo from the Spanish Empire, as part of the British invasions of the Río de la Plata.source
  • February 7 – Napoleon leads the forces of the French Empire in an invasion of the Russian Empire, and begins fighting at the Battle of Eylau against Russian and Prussian forces.source
  • February 8 – Battle of Eylau: Napoleon fights a hard but inconclusive battle against the Russians under Bennigsen.source
  • April 4–12 – Froberg mutiny: The British suppress a mutiny at Fort Ricasoli, Malta, by men of the irregularly-recruited Froberg Regiment.source
  • May 24 – Siege of Danzig ends after 6 weeks with Prussian and Russian defenders capitulating to French forces.source
  • June 10 – The Battle of Heilsberg ends in a draw.source
  • June 14 – Battle of Friedland: Napoleon decisively defeats Bennigsen's Russian army.source
  • June 22 – Chesapeake–Leopard affair: British Royal Navy fourth rate attacks and boards United States Navy frigate USS Chesapeake off Norfolk, Virginia, seeking deserters. This act of British aggression plays a role in the run-up to the War of 1812.source
  • July 5 – A disastrous British attack is mounted against Buenos Aires, during the second failed invasion of the Río de la Plata.source
  • September 2–7 – Battle of Copenhagen: The British Royal Navy bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets, to prevent the Dano-Norwegian navy from surrendering to Napoleon; 30% of the city is destroyed, and 2,000 citizens are killed.source
  • November 24 – Battle of Abrantes, Portugal: The French under Jean-Andoche Junot take the town.source
  • December 5–11 – Napoleonic Wars: Raid on Griessie – A British Royal Navy squadron attacks the Dutch port of Griessie on Java in the Dutch East Indies, eliminating the last Dutch naval force in the Pacific and concluding the Java campaign of 1806–1807.source
  • Battle of Hingakaka between two factions of Māori people, the largest battle ever fought in New Zealand, and the last fought there without firearms. In 1807 or 1808 is fought the Battle of Moremonui, first of the Musket Wars.source
  • Coup d'état of Pengiran Muda Omar Ali Saifuddien by Pengiran Digadong Ayah.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • February 10 – The Survey of the Coast (renamed the United States Coast Survey in 1836 and the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1878) is established; work begins on August 3, 1816.source

Religion & Belief

  • September 7 – Robert Morrison, the first Protestant missionary to China, arrives in Guangzhou (Canton).source

Economy & Finance

  • January 20 – The Sierra Leone Company, faced with bankruptcy because of the imminent abolition of the slave trade in British colonies, petitions the British government for purchase and transfer of its property to the Crown; Parliament approves the transfer on July 29, and it takes effect on January 1, 1808.source
  • March 25 – The United Kingdom Slave Trade Act becomes law abolishing the slave trade in most of the British Empire with effect from 1 May (slavery itself is abolished in British colonies in 1833).source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • March 25 – The Swansea and Mumbles Railway in South Wales, at this time known as the Oystermouth Railway, becomes the first passenger-carrying railway in the world.source
  • July 20 – Nicéphore Niépce is awarded a patent by Emperor Napoleon for the Pyréolophore, the world's first internal combustion engine, after it successfully powers a boat upstream on the river Saône in France.source
  • August 17 – The North River Steamboat, Robert Fulton's first American steamboat, leaves New York City for Albany on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.source

Science & Discovery

  • March 29 – H. W. Olbers discovers the asteroid Vesta.source
  • October 6 – English chemist Humphry Davy electrochemically isolates potassium from potash.source

Crime & Justice

  • February 19 – Burr conspiracy: In Alabama, former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr is tried for conspiracy, but acquitted.source
  • May 22 – A grand jury indicts former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr for treason.source
  • September 1 – Former U.S. Vice President Aaron Burr is acquitted of treason. He had been accused of plotting to annex parts of Louisiana and Mexico, to become part of an independent republic.source
  • September 27 – Napoleon purchases the Borghese art collection, including the Antinous Mondragone, and brings it to Paris.source
  • October 30 – El Escorial Conspiracy: Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias is arrested for conspiring against his father Charles IV of Spain.source
  • Le Petit Oracle des Dames 42 card deck and booklet are published in Paris by the widow of Gueffier.source

Culture & Society

  • April 14 – African Institution holds its first meeting in London; it is intended to improve social conditions in Sierra Leone.source
  • May 31 – Primitive Methodism originates in an All Day of Prayer at Mow Cop, in the north midlands of England.source
  • September 13 – Beethoven's Mass in C major, Op. 86, is premiered, commissioned by Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy, and displeasing him.source
  • October 9 – Prussian Reform Movement: Serfdom is abolished by the October edict.source
  • November 13 – The Geological Society of London is founded.source

Births

  • February 10 – Lajos Batthyány, 1st Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1849)source
  • February 27 – Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, American poet (d. 1882)source
  • March 1 – Wilford Woodruff, American religious leader (d. 1898)source
  • March 14 – Josephine of Leuchtenberg, Queen of Sweden and Norway (d. 1876)source
  • May 28 – Louis Agassiz, Swiss-born zoologist and geologist (d. 1873)source
  • June 16 – John Westcott, American surveyor and politician (d. 1888)source
  • August 11 – David Rice Atchison, American politician (d. 1886)source
  • August 18 – Charles Francis Adams Sr., American historical editor, politician and diplomat (d. 1886)source
  • September 7 – Henry Sewell, 1st Premier of New Zealand (d. 1879)source
  • September 16 – John Lenthall, American naval architect and shipbuilder (d. 1882)source
  • October 8 – Harriet Taylor, English philosophical writer (d. 1858)source
  • October 29 – Anđeo Kraljević, Herzegovinian Catholic bishop (d. 1879)source
  • December 8 – Friedrich Traugott Kützing, German pharmacist, botanist and phycologist (d. 1893)source
  • December 17 – John Greenleaf Whittier, American Quaker poet and abolitionist (d. 1892)source

Deaths

  • February 5 – Pasquale Paoli, Corsican patriot, military leader (b. 1725)source
  • April 10 – Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, regent of Weimar and Eisenach (b. 1739)source
  • May 10 – Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, French soldier (b. 1725)source
  • May 17 – John Gunby, Maryland soldier in the American Revolutionary War (b. 1745)source
  • July 13 – Henry Benedict Stuart, Italian-born cardinal, Jacobite claimant to the British throne (b. 1725)source
  • July 13 – With the death of Henry Benedict Stuart, the last Stuart claimant to the throne of the United Kingdom, Jacobitism comes to an effective end.source
  • July 19 – Uriah Tracy, American politician and congressman from Connecticut, 1793 until 1807 (b. 1755)source
  • 5 August – Jeanne Baret French explorer, naturalist, botanist (b. 1740)source
  • September 14 – George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend, British field marshal (b. 1724)source
  • November 2 – Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Prime Minister of King Louis XVI of France (b. 1730)source
  • November 5 – Angelica Kauffman, Swiss painter (b. 1741)source
  • November 26 – Oliver Ellsworth, American founding father and 3rd Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1745)source
  • December 19 – Friedrich Melchior, Baron von Grimm, German writer (b. 1723)source
  • December 21 – John Newton, English cleric, hymnist (b. 1725)source