Directory

1735 CE

The Order of St. Anna is established in Russia, in honor of the daughter of Peter the Great. (August 5 old style) – John Peter Zenger of The New York Weekly Journal becomes a symbol of freedom of the press when he is acquitted of seditious libel against William Cosby, the British Governor of the Province of New York. A jury concludes that what Zenger published was true. Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, becomes the first British premier to move into London's 10 Downing Street.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • March 10 – The Russian Empire and Persia sign the Treaty of Ganja, with Russia ceding territories in the Caucasus mountains to Persia, and the two rivals forming a defensive alliance against the Ottoman Empire.source
  • April 13 – Emperor Sakuramachi accedes to the throne of Japan.source
  • September 22 – Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, becomes the first British premier to move into London's 10 Downing Street.source
  • October 18 – In China, Qianlong succeeds his father, Yongzheng, as Emperor and begins a 60-year-long reign within the Qing dynasty.source

Conflict & Security

  • September 4 – Al-Husayn I ibn Ali, the first Bey of Tunis (modern-day Tunisia) is defeated at the Battle of Smindja by Abu l-Hasan Ali I with the help of Ibrahim ben Ramdan, the Dey of Algiers.source
  • Russo-Turkish War, 1735-1739: Russian forces fail to occupy the Crimea, due to rasputitsa.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • October 14 – John Wesley and his brother Charles set sail from England for Savannah in the Province of Georgia in British America; on the voyage they first encounter members of the Moravian Church.source

Religion & Belief

  • January 2 – Alexander Pope's poem Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot is published in London.source
  • December 19 – At the age of 8 years old, Prince Luis of Spain becomes the youngest Roman Catholic Cardinal in history, after being named by Pope Clement XII.source

Economy & Finance

  • September 14 – The Kingdom of France approves the issue of "card money" in the total amount of 200,000 livres to serve as currency in its Louisiana territory in America.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • The King's Highway (Charleston to Boston) is completed.source
  • Quebec: Construction begins on the Chemin du roy between Quebec and Montreal.source
  • Probable date – Founded by Jehan-Jacques Blancpain in Villeret, Switzerland, Blancpain becomes the first registered watch brand in the world.source
  • A shipbuilding industry begins in Mumbai.source
  • Leonhard Euler solves the Basel problem, first posed by Pietro Mengoli in 1644, and the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem.source

Science & Discovery

  • May 22 – George Hadley publishes the first explanation of the trade winds.source
  • Cobalt is discovered and isolated by Georg Brandt, the first metal element found since ancient times.source

Health & Medicine

  • November 30 – The Netherlands becomes the first government to announce a prohibition against citizens joining the Freemasons.source
  • December 6 – The second successful appendectomy is performed by naturalised British surgeon Claudius Aymand at St George's Hospital in London (the first was in 1731).source

Crime & Justice

  • August 16 (August 5 old style) – John Peter Zenger of The New York Weekly Journal becomes a symbol of freedom of the press when he is acquitted of seditious libel against William Cosby, the British Governor of the Province of New York. A jury concludes that what Zenger published was true.source

Disasters & Accidents

  • February 3 – All 256 people on board the Dutch East India Company ships Vliegenthart and Anna Catherina die when the two ships sink in a gale off of the Netherlands coast. The wreckage of Vliegenthart remains undiscovered until 1981.source

Culture & Society

  • January 8 – George Frideric Handel's opera Ariodante is premièred at the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London.source
  • February 14 – The Order of St. Anna is established in Russia, in honor of the daughter of Peter the Great.source
  • April 16 – Alcina, George Frideric Handel's Italian opera, premieres at the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London.source
  • June 25 – In Great Britain, the Engraving Copyright Act 1734, the first of a series of copyright protection laws, takes effect after being given royal assent by King George II.source
  • November 25 – The largest bell in the world, the 22 foot diameter Tsar Kolokol, is successfully cast in Moscow within the Kremlin.source
  • Linnaeus publishes his Systema Naturae.source

Births

  • January 8 – John Carroll first Roman Catholic Archbishop in the U.S. (d. 1815)source
  • January 9 – John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1823)source
  • January 27 – Étienne Clavière, French financier and politician (d. 1793)source
  • February 13 – Crown Prince Sado of Joseon (d. 1762)source
  • March 29 – Johann Karl August Musäus German author (d. 1787)source
  • May 23 – Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne, (d. 1814)source
  • June 26 – Joseph Ducreux, French noble, portrait painter, pastelist, miniaturist and engraver (d. 1802)source
  • August 7 - Claudine Picardet, French chemist, mineralogist, meteorologist and scientific translator (d. 1820)source
  • September 6 – John Joseph Merlin, born Jean-Joseph Merlin, Liège-born clock- and musical-instrument-maker and inventor (d. 1803)source
  • September 20 – James Keir, Scottish geologist, chemist and industrialist (d. 1820)source
  • September 28 – Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1811)source
  • October 9 – Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick (d. 1806)source
  • October 30 – John Adams, second president of the United States (d. 1826)source
  • November 10 – Granville Sharp, English abolitionist (d. 1813)source

Deaths

  • January 13 – Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg, Queen consort of Sardinia (b. 1706)source
  • January 18 – Maria Clementina Sobieska, Polish noble (b. 1702)source
  • February 27 – John Arbuthnot, British physician and author (b. 1667)source
  • March 11 – Abraham Patras becomes the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia) upon the death of Dirck van Cloon.source
  • April 5 – William Derham, English minister and writer (b. 1657)source
  • April 25 – Samuel Wesley, English poet, religious leader (b. 1662)source
  • June 10 – Thomas Hearne, British antiquarian (b. 1678)source
  • June 15 – Lê Thuần Tông, Emperor of Đại Việt since 1732, dies at the age of 36 and is succeeded by Lê Ý Tông.source
  • July 18 – Johann Krieger, German composer and organist (b. 1651)source
  • July 29 – Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Prussian queen consort (b. 1685)source
  • August 30 – Edward Harley, English politician (b. 1664)source
  • October 26 – Margareta von Ascheberg, Swedish land owner, countess and acting regiment colonel (b. 1671)source
  • November 14 – Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (b. 1663)source
  • December 14 – Thomas Tanner, English bishop, antiquarian (b. 1674)source